...FIN 540 – Homework Answer Key Chapter 22 1. Which of the following statements is most CORRECT? a. The smaller the synergistic benefits of a particular merger, the greater the scope for striking a bargain in negotiations, and the higher the probability that the merger will be completed. b. Since mergers are frequently financed by debt rather than equity, a lower cost of debt or a greater debt capacity are rarely relevant considerations when considering a merger. c. Managers who purchase other firms often assert that the new combined firm will enjoy benefits from diversification, including more stable earnings. However, since shareholders are free to diversify their own holdings, and at what's probably a lower cost, diversification benefits is generally not a valid motive for a publicly held firm. d. Operating economies are never a motive for mergers. e. Tax considerations often play a part in mergers. If one firm has excess cash, purchasing another firm exposes the purchasing firm to additional taxes. Thus, firms with excess cash rarely undertake mergers. 2. Which of the following statements is most CORRECT? a. Financial theory says that the choice of how to pay for a merger is really irrelevant because, although it may affect the firm's capital structure, it will not affect its overall required rate of return. b. The basic rationale for any financial merger is synergy and, thus, the estimation of pro forma cash flows is the single most important part of the analysis...
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...MARKET EFFICIENCY Efficiency with respect to an information set implies . . . that it is impossible to make abnormal profits by trading on the basis of that information set. 1. Prices in mkt reflect info about securities =>won’t be easy to find NPV>0 for financing i.e. under/overpriced securities is unlikely. 2. Market is efficient w/ respect to some info set if security prices would be unaffected by revealing that info to all participants. Weak Market reflects all info about past prices therefore can’t make abnormal profits based on past info. If it holds, Covariance (tomorrow’s abnormal return, today’s abnormal return) = 0, stock prices follow “random walk”. Test: transaction costs make technical trading not have a positive NPV. Semi Strong Weak plus - all publicly available info (i.e. rapid reaction time = can’t make money on the news) Test 1: active mgt funds in general perform worse than mkt. If info is already reflected in prices, extra costs of research & transaction of actively mgd fund vs tracker fund, incurred in vain Test 2: Study cumulative abnormal returns over time. Results show that info gets incorporated immediately (immediately rise (or fall) of prices), and starts to get incorporated before (insider’s info) Strong Semi Strong plus info NOT publicly available (inside info) Test: (Test 2 for semi), shows that there is insider’s trading or info leakage, also regulation Implications of mkt efficiency: - Expected return on a stock is exactly...
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...Japan's whaling fleet was headed home from the southern ocean after ending its annual Antarctic hunt with only a third of its expected catch, news reports from Japan said Friday. The hunt ended three days ago with a catch of 266 minke whales and one fin whale, officials from Japan's Fisheries Agency said, according to one report from Australia's ABC news online. The Sea Shephed Society, which sent a fleet of vessels to the southern ocean to block the hunt, proclaimed victory on its website. "Operation Divine Wind is over! The Japanese whalers are going home!" the Sea Shepherd headline read. "There are hundreds of whales swimming free in the Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary that would now be dead if we had not been down there for the last three months. That makes us very happy indeed," Sea Shepherd's Paul Watson is quoted as saying on the organization's website. News of the Japanese whaling fleet's withdrawal comes four days after the Institute of Cetacean Research, which oversees the Japanese whaling program, reported a confrontation between the Japanese ships and Sea Shepherd's ship Bob Barker. The Bob Barker fired more than 40 flares and aimed a "high-powered" laser beam at the Japanese ships for more than 50 minutes, the institute said in a news release. Watson said that with the high-seas showdown, "the whaling season was effectively over for the season." Japan hunts whales every year despite a worldwide moratorium on whaling, utilizing a loophole in the law that allows...
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...captivity. Some of the differences between the two environments are the whales behavior, how they eat, and their dorsal fins. Killer whales are amazing creatures that can live up to 29 years. What exactly determines how long they live? The main factor is usually if they are kept in captivity or in the wild. In the wild, killer whales’ swim up to 100 miles a day. They socialize with other members of their pod and usually have close ties with their families. Most whales are very playful and rely mainly on their hearing. In the wild, whales spend close to 90% of their time under the water. Whales eat various types of fish throughout the day. This animal is around hundreds of different species of marine life throughout a single day. Whales dorsal fins, in the wild, usually stick straight up....
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...about the Whaling Debate on whether countries should be allowed to continue to hunt whales or should we leave them protected and my beliefs on the subject. This debate has also focused on issues of sustainability and conservation as well as ownership and national sovereignty. Some of the issues included in these debates is the question of cetacean intelligence this refers to the Cetacea order of mammals, which includes whales, porpoises, and dolphins; and the level of suffering which the animals undergo when caught and killed (The Whale Debate: Whale Wars, 2014). Another hot topic in the debate right now is the right to kill a certain amount of whales for scientific research, Japan kills 1000 minke whales a year and about 100 endangered fin and humpback whales. Whales are mammals the same as we are and they are intelligent and have feelings such as pain and a sense of loss. Before I get into my opinion I will list the pros and cons of this particular activity. There are a few of each so I will start with the reasons for whaling, many indigenous people, such as the Inuit’s of Alaska, rely on whales for food and other materials to survive in such harsh environments and they are...
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...Unit 1 – AO1 – Investigate the roles and responsibilities of two contrasting public services and describe their purpose AO2 – Investigate the internal structure and functional areas for two chosen public services The two public services I am going to speak about are the prison service and the army. The reason is because both have a very important part of the keeping Britain safe. The prisons vision is to provide the very best prison service as possible and to help secure the following points. * Hold prisoners securely and safely * Reduce the risk of any prisoners from re-offending * Providing safe and well-ordered establishments in which we treat prisoners humanely, decently and lawfully To make sure the prison service actually completes their objectives they work in * close partnership with our commissioners and others in the Criminal Justice System to achieve common objectives * Obtain best value from the resources available using research to ensure effective correctional practice * Promote diversity, equality of opportunity and combat unlawful discrimination, and * Ensure our staff have the right leadership, organisation, support and preparation to carry out their work effectively. This is what the prison set out to achieve and how they plan to do it but there is a lot more involved in running a successful prison because a prison is a business. The prison has it goals but the prison needs top security to complete the goals. No...
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...MEMORANDUM TO: Senior Accounting FROM: Staff Accountant DATE: June 29, 2015 SUBJECT: Shared-Based Payment Reporting and Special Purpose Entities (SPE) CC: Team members ______________________________________________________________________________ As an Accounting Firm it is very important that we follow the most recently changed or amended regulations and standards set by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). As of 2009 the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has made amendments to Shared-Based Payment Reporting and Special Purpose Entities. The amendments made were to Statements No. 123 and 95 which covers the Share-Based Payments and Statements No. 123 and 95; the FASB. Also revised, Statements No. 166 and 167 which pertains to Special Purpose Entities (SPE). Share-Based Payment Reporting In the process of an audit, it is important to review the accounting process in terms of how share-based payment is reported to Sensure the entity processes are in line with Generally Accepted Accounting Policies (GAAP). Share-based payment is a complex area to both report on and audit as almost every transaction is unique and referencing IFRS No.2 for the purpose of the audit is not always clearly defined. Defined, share-based payment is an arrangement in which an entity purchases goods or services in exchange for issuance of the entity’s equity instruments or cash payments based on the fair value of those equity instruments. IFRS No.2 has two defined...
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...But in reality the whales that are captured for this company are very capable of living with their pods in the ocean, once they enter the tanks is when mental and physical problems start to occur. Less than 1% of wild orcas have a collapsed dorsal fin, and all the males and about 50% of females in captivity have collapsed dorsal fins. Orcas in captivity do not have enough space to swim around which can cause their fins to fall and they are fed an unhealthy diet of dead thawed fish. The chlorine amount in the pool also hurts their skin and the trainers have seen mucus come from the orcas’ eyes. Trainers have also reportedly had problems with the chlorine levels in the pool. According to a trainer, he was directed to not open his eyes for at least 7 days or he would risk going permanently blind. Being transferred from the ocean to the chlorine filled pool, the orcas have a hard time adjusting to a drastic change like this because their skin and eyes are so sensitive. People can also say it is a good learning experience to see these beautiful creatures up close. In reality...
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...spaces, and families being torn apart. However, zoos and aquariums say education is provided along with helping endangered animals. One reason animal captivity should be banned is animals suffer both mentally and physically. The different environment causes issues for example, orcas and dolphins use echolocation; but, the tank causes the reverberations to bounce off and hit the cetacean which results in frustration and mental issues (“Aquariums and Marine Parks”). Cetaceans who are in a tank are restricted, not being able to perform their normal tasks will get frustrated. Physical issues can occur for example, orcas will experience a collapsed dorsal fin which is very rare for a wild orca. Collapsed dorsal fins occur from the gravity pulling on the fin where the water is too shallow because there is not proper support for the fin (“Aquariums and Marine Parks”). A reason they suffer psychologically is they are not allowed to have social bonds. Naturally, the cetaceans will live in pods. Since they are naturally social creatures, if one animal in the tank dies the other has to be transferred because if they are isolated from other animals they will suffer mentally. Behavioral patterns known as “zoochosis” will occur which have signs like bar-biting, circling, repetitive head swaying, aggression, and self-mutilation. If behavioral patterns are being repeated the animals’ needs are not being met (“Wild Animals in Entertainment”). In conclusion, both physical and mental issues are...
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...XVIII AIRBORNE CORPS AND FORT BRAGG DFAC SCHEDULE SNAPSHOT NOVEMBER 2014 XVIII AIRBORNE CORPS & FORT BRAGG DINING FACILITY OPEN/CLOSE SCHEDULE November 2014 1-2 CLOSED POPE AAF Weekday 8-11 CLOSED 15-16 OPEN 22-23 CLOSED 27-30 82ND CAB CLOSED 1 Phone# 396-9993/ 7685 DINING FACILITY Location Goldberg Street Weekend Br: 0930-1300 Sup: 1600-1730 Find Your Location Bldg# M-5530 SMOKE BOMB CLOSED CLOSED CLOSED CLOSED CLOSED 2 Phone# 396-2592 /0103 Essayons Street Bldg# H-4842 2nd BCT Closed Weekends Br: 0930-1230 Sup: 1530-1730 Br: 0930-1300 Sup: 1600-1730 Br: 0930-1300 Sup: 1600-1730 Br: 0930-1230 Sup: 1530-1730 Brk: 0800-1000 Lun: 1130-1330 Din: 1530-1730 Brk: 0800-1000 Lun: 1130-1330 Din: 1530-1730 Brk: 0800-0930 Lun: 1200-1330 Din: 1530-1730 CLOSED OPEN CLOSED OPEN CLOSED 3 Phone# 643-6929 Gruber Road Bldg# C 9453 525th BFSB OPEN OPEN CLOSED OPEN CLOSED 4 Phone# 396-8063 Ricketts Street Bldg# 2-5112 WTB CLOSED CLOSED CLOSED CLOSED OPEN 5 Phone# 396-3436 Normandy Drive Bldg# A-4-1832 SWCS OPEN CLOSED OPEN CLOSED OPEN 6 Phone# 396-7291 Merrill Street Bldg# D-3624 3rd BCT OPEN OPEN CLOSED OPEN CLOSED 7 Phone# 432-8798/ 2298 Butner Road Bldg# A-3556 1st BCT OPEN CLOSED OPEN CLOSED OPEN 8 Phone# 643-6886 Bastogne Drive Bldg# B-1732 82ND SBDE CLOSED CLOSED OPEN CLOSED CLOSED 9 Phone# 432-5538 Longstreet Road Bldg# 3-5103 3rd SFG CLOSED...
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...Name: University: Course: Tutor: Date: International Whaling Commission Introduction Just recently on May 31st 2010, Australia opened a court case against Japan in the International Court of Justice (ICJ) with regards to a dispute relating to Japan’s JARPA II program on ‘Scientific Whaling’. The case was dubbed the ‘JARPA II Case’ and was primarily based on a dispute between Australia and Japan over interpretation of the 1946 International Convention of Whaling (ICRW). JARPA refers to Japan’s Research Program under Special Permit in the Antarctic to carry out research in the marines. The first was introduced in 1987 in the Southern Ocean Whaling Season of 1987-1988. JARPA II was to commence some 18years later from and it started in 2005. During that period of 1987 through 2005, Japan had apparently ignored the Moratorium sanctioned by IWC against Whaling and it is consequently some six thousand eight hundred minke whales were taken under JARPA. That led to a longtime dispute between whaling states and anti-whaling states over limited whaling v no whaling at all. Among the cases is the one between Australia and Japan of 2010. This article will look into the case between Japan and Australia in a bid to answering the following questions; one, how is the International Whaling Commission policy determined and influenced, secondly, what is the role of scientific advice in policy making, thirdly, what are the arguments for both Japan and Australia in the International Court...
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...Introduction Since the indefinite commercial whaling moratorium was introduced in 1986, the whaling nations have killed around 15,000 whales between them. At the time of writing, the Japanese whaling fleet has just returned from Antarctic waters where a further 300 or so minke whales have been killed for so called ‘research’, in open defiance of world public opinion and the IWC which has never validated the Japanese programme. The meat from those dead whales will end up on sale in Japanese restaurants and on supermarket shelves. Japan is not only defying the global moratorium on commercial whaling, it is killing whales in a sanctuary agreed by the IWC in 1994. Japan has ‘recruited’ many countries to the IWC to support the resumption of commercial whaling using foreign aid packages. If the ban is lost it will be a disaster for whale conservation efforts. This report presents the many reasons why the ban on commercial whaling must be maintained and properly enforced. We cannot wipe away the tragic history of commercial whaling, but we can, and must, prevent its repetition. The Natural History of Whales Whales belong to the order of mammals known as Cetacea. There are about 80 species of cetaceans, including all the dolphins and porpoises, as well as the ten so-called ‘great’ whale species, which have borne the brunt of commercial whaling. Cetaceans are believed to have evolved from land mammals, which adapted to an aquatic existence about 50 million years ago. They are superbly...
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...There are many endanger marine species. one species that is endangered is the blue whale. The blue whale evolved around 45 million years ago, thats 40 million years before humans (marinebio.org-Blue Whales). Blue Whales are members of the Order Cetacea family. Blue whales can live in. According to wwf.panda.org The blue whale is found mostly in cold and temperate waters, and it prefers deeper ocean waters to coastal waters. Like many other baleen whales, it feeds in cool waters at high latitudes, and generally migrates to warmer temperate and tropical waters to breed and give birth. The blue whale is considered an endangered because of its population size, they have a population of 10,000-25,000. They weigh about 200 tons and can grow to be 80-100 feet long. Blue whales are Lightly mottled blue-grey, with light grey or yellow-white undersides (Alagiyawanna 1). Blue whales also can live in all of the oceans. According to SCIcyclopedia, A female blue whale, which is larger than the male, gives birth to a calf that averages 25 feet in length and weighs about 2 tons. The calf drinks about 106 gallons of milk every day (Katona 1). A blue whale can eat up to 8,000 lbs. of krill during its consumption period. It is estimated to take 2,200 lbs. of food to fill a blue whale's stomach. Blue whales can swim normally at five miles per hour but can reach speeds over 20 miles per hour when agitated. Blue whales are one of the earth’s loudest animals they emit a series of pulses, groans and...
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...The roar of the crowd, the splash of cool blue water, and the spectacular stunts that are performed by the killer whale and his trainer may leave you speechless. Killer whales have spent more than 50 years in captivity, and has caused much controversy as to whether they should be freed. What some people don't think about is what the effects are of having killer whales in captivity versus keeping them in the wild. Some things that differ wild killer whales from captive killer whales are how much they travel, the diet of the whales, amount of injuries, and their family dynamics. Killer whales that are in the wild travel many miles every day alongside their families, also known as pods. Infact, “Southern Resident Killer Whales travel on average of seventy five miles a day.” (“Center for Whales”). They can also reach speeds as fast as thirty miles per hour. Killer whales in the wild are free to roam wherever they desire with their families. On the flip side, killer whales that are captive are trapped and ripped away from their families. Also, killer whales have a lifespan in the wild of about fifty to eighty years, while in captivity the killer whale’s lifespan is much shorter, being twenty to thirty years. This is caused by stress and not being cared for the way they should. Additionally, killer whales that are in the wild hunt for their prey. Killer whale pods work together to capture and kill their prey. However, in captivity they are handed food for performing a stunt successfully...
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...Métodos Cuantitativos para la Toma de Decisiones Ejercicio Asignado: Este será parte del Examen Parcial #1 El Director de Publicaciones de los “Yankees de Nueva York”, está tratando de decidir cuántos programas imprimir para la serie de tres juegos del próximo fin de semana contra los Medias Rojas de Boston. Cada programa cuesta $0.25 y se vende por $1.25. Cualquier programa que no se venda al final de la serie debe ser descartado (pérdida). El publicista ha estimado la siguiente distribución de probabilidad para las ventas de los programas, de pasados programas de ventas. Programas Vendidos 25,000 40,000 55,000 70,000 Probabilidad 0.10 0.30 0.45 0.15 Qué número de programas minimiza la pérdida esperada del equipo? Ganancias 1.25 - .25 = $1.00 Pérdidas Condicionales Posible Demanda Posible Inventario (25,000) Posible Inventario (40,000) Posible Inventario (55,000) Posible Inventario (70,000) 25,000 $0.00 $3,750.00 $7,500.00 $11,250.00 40,000 $15,000.00 $0.00 $3,750.00 $7,500.00 55,000 $30,000.00 $15,000.00 $0.00 $3,750.00 70,000 $45,000.00 $30,000.00 $15,000.00 $0.00 Perdidas Esperada para 25,000 Posible Demanda Pérdida Condicional Probabilidad de Demanda Pérdida Esperada 25,000 $0.00 .10 $0.00 40,000 $15,000.00 .30 $4,500.00 55,000 $30,000.00 .45 $13,500.00 70,000 $45,000.00 .15 $6,750.00 Total 1.00 $24,750.00 Perdidas Esperada para 40,000 Posible Demanda Pérdida Condicional...
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