...Corporate Governance refers to the way an organization is directed, administrated or controlled. It includes the set of rules and regulations that affect the manager’s decision and contribute to the way company is perceived by the current and potential stakeholders. The corporate governance structure specifies the distribution of rights and responsibilities among different participants in the corporation such as; boards, managers, shareholders and other stakeholders and spells out the rules and procedures and also decision making assistance on corporate affairs. By doing this, italso provides the structure through which the company’s objectives are set and the means of obtaining those objectives and monitoring performance. Corporate governance may be the ways of bringing the interests of investors and managers into line and ensuring that firms are run for the benefit of investors. Given the state of the economy of Pakistan in 2010, troubled as it is; ideally it would be more desirable to look at the governance issues at macro level for Pakistan. As a famous economist, Dr Shahid Javaid Burki- a long observer of Pakistan’s economy has recently stated “Pakistan can generate a greater bounce in its economy than India by creating better governance. It has occurred before in the country’s difficult economic history and could happen again.” (Improved Governance: Dawn, 12th, October 2010). However, as a starting point , in this paper we look at closely the governanceissues for the...
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...Mr. AADIIEETYA KUMAR JHA Corporate Governance: Need & Significance in Nepalese Banking System Meaning and General Concept Corporate governance is a combination of corporate policies and best practices adopted by the corporate bodies to achieve its objectives in relation to their stakeholders. It is also the field of economics, which studies the many issues arising from the separation from ownership and control. The fundamental objective of corporate governance reforms is to enhance transparency and transparency enhances accountability. It is widely recognized that transparency enhances trust among the major players within the governance framework. Various definitions and principles have been introduced to stabilize the corporate governance among corporate entities. The definition presented by some institution is presented below. Corporate governance is the system by which companies are directed and controlled (Cadbury Report-1992) Set of relationships between a company’s management, its boards, its shareholders and other stake holders (OECD Principles) In brief, corporate governance is a set of process a entity's culture, policies, laws and institutional value that affect the way a corporation is directed, administrated or controlled. It is a combination of corporate policies and best practices adopted by corporate bodies in achieving its objectives in relation to their stakeholders. It aims to protect shareholder’s rights, to enhance disclosure and transparency, to facilitate...
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...Corporate Governance of Commercial Banks in Bangladesh Introduction: The need for corporate governance arises from the potential conflicts of interest among stakeholders in the corporate structure. These conflicts of interest often arise from two main reasons. First, different stakeholders have different goals and preferences. Second, the stakeholders have imperfect information as to each others actions, knowledge, and preferences. Corporate governance (CG) is an important effort to ensure accountability and responsibility and is a set of principles, which should be incorporated into every part of the organization. Though it is viewed as a recent issue, there is, in fact, nothing new about the concept. Because it has been in existence as long as the corporation itself-as long as there has been large – scale trade, reflecting the need for responsibility in the handling money and the conduct of commercial activities. Numerous works, studies, and researches have been conducted to enact principles, codes, and guidelines for ensuring good corporate governance systems and culture within the organizations. Sir Adrian Cadbury in 'Global Corporate Governance Forum’ defined corporate governance as: "Corporate Governance is concerned with holding the balance between economic and social goals and between individual and communal goals. The corporate governance framework is there to encourage the efficient use of resources and equally to require accountability for the stewardship...
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...CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN NEPALESE FINANCIAL SECTOR: DOES POLICY MATTER? Submitted To Research Committee Research and Consulting Service Department Nepal Administrative Staff College Submitted By Basanta Raj Sigdel Santosh Koirala June, 2015 Copyright: Nepal Administrative Staff College Recommended Citation Sigdel, B.R. & Koirala, S. (2015). Corporate governance in Nepalese financial sector: Does policy matter? Lalitpur, Nepal: Nepal Administrative Staff College. Declaimer: This study is funded by Nepal Administrative Staff College. The opinion expressed in this research report do not represent official position of Nepal Administrative Staff College and are those of the researchers. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This research paper has been materialized in this form with the help of many individuals and institutions. First, the team extends profound gratitude to the respected respondents of banks and finance companies for their valuable and generous support without which the project would not have been successful. Similarly, we are thankful to the Research Committee of NASC and Research and Consulting Services Department for their continuous guidance, facilitation and support in this endeavor. ABSTRACT The study examines insiders' perspectives on the determinants of corporate governance in the Nepalese financial sector. For this, we use a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire developed by CLSA, modified and contextualized to Nepalese setting. The study...
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...Assignment-1 Topic October 21, 2013 October 21, 2013 Submitted to The Banking SECTOR SUFFERS FROM DISCIPLINE DEFICIT The Banking SECTOR SUFFERS FROM DISCIPLINE DEFICIT Barrister Arife Billah LAW-200 Sec-1 Submitted by Antu Biswas 102 0044 030 Introduction The banking system of Bangladesh at independence consisted of two branch offices of the former State Bank of Pakistan and seventeen large commercial banks, two of which were controlled by Bangladeshi interests and three by foreigners other than West Pakistanis with fourteen smaller commercial banks. The newly independent government immediately designated the Dhaka branch of the State Bank of Pakistan as the central bank and renamed it the Bangladesh Bank. The Bangladesh government initially nationalized the entire domestic banking system and proceeded to reorganize and rename the various banks. Foreign-owned banks were permitted to continue doing business in Bangladesh. The insurance business was also nationalized and became a source of potential investment funds. Cooperative credit systems and postal savings offices handled service to small individual and rural accounts. The new banking system succeeded in establishing reasonably efficient procedures for managing credit and foreign exchange. Now, banks in Bangladesh are primarily of two types: Scheduled Banks: The banks which get license to operate under Bank Company Act, 1991 (Amended in 2003) are termed as Scheduled Banks...
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...Major Problems of the Banking Industry and Strategies to overcome them: A study on Bangladesh. Table of Content Topic Page# 1.0 Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 2.0 Review of Previous Empirical Literature------------------------------------------------4 3.0 Banking Industry in Bangladesh---------------------------------------------------------- 3.1 What is a Bank? ----------------------------------------------------------------------5 3.2 Definitions of Bank form different view -------------------------------------5 3.3 Where does the word BANK come from? ------------------------------------6 3.4 Why Banks? Why don’t go to another financial institution? -------------7 3.5 Banking System in Bangladesh---------------------------------------------------7 3.6 Banking system is very from country to country because of Following 3 reasons---------------------------------------------------------------------12 3.7 There are different kinds of financial services firms calling themselves Banks---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12 4.0 Major Problems Faced by Bangladeshi Banking Industry-------------------------14 4.1 Lack of Good Governance, Accountability and Transparency------------14 4.2 Low quality of asset ---------...
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...Corporate Governance Alfa-Bank Alfa-Bank was founded in 1990. It is one of Russia’s largest privately owned banks Alfa-Bank is present in every key sector of the financial services industry, including corporate banking, retail banking, investment banking, trade finance, insurance and asset management. The Bank is considered one of the most reliable and dynamic financial institutions in Russia. It combines a thorough knowledge of the specific characteristics of the Russian market with the very highest of Western standards. Alfa Banking Group is one of Russia’s largest privately owned banking groups in terms of equity, assets, branches, retail deposits and funds under management. Founded in 1990, Alfa Banking Group offers a wide range of products and operates in all sectors of the financial market, including corporate and retail lending, deposits, payment and account services, foreign exchange operations, cash handling services, custody services, investment banking and other ancillary services to corporate and retail customers. Alfa Bank has simplified its ownership structure in order to participate in the deposit insurance system. AB Holding has consolidated nearly 100% of the bank's shares to replace the multiple companies that used to own the bank. Alfa Banking Group is owned by 6 beneficial shareholders. The role of the Board of Directors of Alfa-Bank is to define the strategic guidelines and policies by establishing the corporate strategy, review the business plans and...
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...B: Short Notes | Question | Answer | 11(continued)1(continued) | Clause 49The term ‘Clause 49’ refers to clause number 49 of the Listing Agreement between a company and the Stock Exchanges on which it is listed. The Listing Agreement is identical for all Indian Stock Exchanges, including the NSE and BSE. This clause is a recent addition to the Listing Agreement and was inserted as late as 2000 consequent to the recommendations of the Kumar Mangalam Birla Committee on CG constituted by SEBI in 1999. Clause 49, when it was first added, was intended to introduce some basic CG practices in Indian companies and brought in a number of key changes in governance and disclosures (many of which we take for granted today). In late 2002, the SEBI constituted the Narayana Murthy Committee to “assess the adequacy of current corporate governance practices and to suggest improvements.” Based on the recommendations of this committee, SEBI issued a modified Clause 49 on October 29, 2004 (the ‘revised Clause 49’) which...
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...GLOBAL CORPORATE STRATEGY Name Course Instructor School Date Abstract. The report seeks to answer questions relating to Lloyd banking group, an internationally accredited bank that offers several services. Several issues are addressed in the report. The first issue being addressed is the merit and demerits of globalization in the global financial industry. Additionally, the threats and opportunities facing Lloyd Bank are looked at. The second issue being addressed focuses on the role of strategic alliances of mergers and acquisitions in the implementation of the e-banking system. Lastly, the role of corporate governance and corporate social responsibility is addressed. A personnel reflection and a conclusion sum up the paper. Table of Contents Abstract. 2 QUESTION 1: Firms’ Competitiveness in the Global Financial Services Industry 3 Merits of globalization 3 Demerits of Globalisation 4 Opportunities 5 Threats 6 Question two: E-Banking – The Role of Alliances, Mergers, and Acquisitions 7 Question three: Corporate Governance, CSR, and Competitiveness Leadership 12 Question four: Personal Reflections on Learning and Overall Report Presentation 15 Conclusion 16 Reference 17 QUESTION 1: Firms’ Competitiveness in the Global Financial Services Industry Merits of globalization Globalization of financial services has resulted in more banks increasing their consumer or customer base since they can exploit different areas across the world. The perfect example in this case...
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...- 31 Corporate Governance-Its Problems & Prospects in Banking Industry in Bangladesh Begum Ismat Ara Huq* and Mohammad Zahid Hossain Bhuiyan** Corporate Governance ensures to bring transparency, accountability and professionalism in the management system of a corporate body that enhances the credibility and acceptability to the shareholders, employees, potential investors, customers, lenders, governments and all other stakeholders. This is more true in case of Banking Industry. Since Banks deal in public money, public confidence is of outmost importance in this Industry. The study aims at finding out problems & deficiencies involved in Corporate Governance practice in Banking Industry in Bangladesh and also suggesting ways and means to remove the same in order to make the Corporate Governance practice sound and effective. In this study, both the primary and secondary data were used. The primary data relating to problems involved in Corporate Governance practice and suggestions to remove the same were collected on the basis of a questionnaire by interviewing 24 randomly selected Bank personnel such as Directors of the Board as the internal part of management and the Auditors as the external group. The secondary data were collected through an extensive literature survey on the subject. The study has identified some major problems in Corporate Governance practice in the Banking Industry of the country. The prospect of Corporate Governance practice is bright in Banking Industry...
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...16 - 31 Corporate Governance-Its Problems & Prospects in Banking Industry in Bangladesh Begum Ismat Ara Huq* and Mohammad Zahid Hossain Bhuiyan** Corporate Governance ensures to bring transparency, accountability and professionalism in the management system of a corporate body that enhances the credibility and acceptability to the shareholders, employees, potential investors, customers, lenders, governments and all other stakeholders. This is more true in case of Banking Industry. Since Banks deal in public money, public confidence is of outmost importance in this Industry. The study aims at finding out problems & deficiencies involved in Corporate Governance practice in Banking Industry in Bangladesh and also suggesting ways and means to remove the same in order to make the Corporate Governance practice sound and effective. In this study, both the primary and secondary data were used. The primary data relating to problems involved in Corporate Governance practice and suggestions to remove the same were collected on the basis of a questionnaire by interviewing 24 randomly selected Bank personnel such as Directors of the Board as the internal part of management and the Auditors as the external group. The secondary data were collected through an extensive literature survey on the subject. The study has identified some major problems in Corporate Governance practice in the Banking Industry of the country. The prospect of Corporate Governance practice is bright in Banking Industry...
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...APRIL/MAY 2010 ACCOUNTANT FEATURES INCLUDE Issue 52 Banking & Finance Risk & Compliance International Financial Reporting Standards Global outlook Banking & Finance Feature Is corporate governance a modern fantasy? Andrew Higson discusses the reality of financial reporting and asks if corporate governance still has a role to play in the modern business world. W hat is the difference between the collapse of Enron and the recent collapse of the banking sector? Well, the obvious answer is that Enron’s demise was not as significant. Yet, in the wake of Enron’s collapse, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was rushed into law in the USA in order to cure the perceived corporate ills of, and give back credibility to, corporate America. Organisations around the world have since spent thousands of hours becoming Sarbanes-Oxley compliant in order to be able to continue trading with companies in the USA. At the centre of Sarbanes-Oxley was its focus on strengthening corporate governance procedures to prevent fraud and mismanagement – but the chaos in the banking sector must raise a question over the success of Sarbanes-Oxley and, more significantly, over the whole idea of corporate governance. way in which an organisation is run and the way in which its results are presented to the outside world. So where does this leave the non-executive directors? One of the main elements in the recent development of corporate governance has been the growth in the use of non-executive directors...
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...Research Seminar in Corporate Governance, MBA 3rd Trimester, UGC, January 15, 2014 Presented By: Group 5 Samiksha Neupane,Sagun Prajapati, Samipa Dahal, Shreesh Parajuli,Sudeep Nepal A Synopsis on:Corporate Governance in Banking System:An Empirical Investigation Authors: Abhiman Das and Saibal Ghosh About the authors:Mr Abhiman Das has worked as a assistant adviser in department of statistics and information management of Reserve bank of India. He has released several research paper in the field of economics also.Mr Saibal Ghosh has also worked as a higher level official in Reserve Bank of India and has released several research papers. Abhiman Das Research Context Virtually every major industrialized economy and major international organization has made efforts in recent years to refine their views on how large industrial corporations should be organized and governed. Academics in both law and economics have also intensely focused on corporate governance [La Porta et al1998]. Despite the growing literature in the field very little attention has been focused on the issue of the corporate governance, especially in banking organizations [Shleifer and Vishny 1997]. This is particularly strange in light of the fact that a significant amount of attention has been paid to the role that banks themselves play in the governance of other sorts of firms [Macey and O’Hara 2003]. The corporate governance of banks in developing economies is important for several reasons. First, banks...
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...Review Volume 15 Issue 1 Special Issue: Comparative Corporate Governance 7-1-2003 Article 13 Corporate Governance in Malaysia Kamini Singam Recommended Citation Singam, Kamini (2003) "Corporate Governance in Malaysia," Bond Law Review: Vol. 15: Iss. 1, Article 13. Available at: http://epublications.bond.edu.au/blr/vol15/iss1/13 This Article is brought to you by the Faculty of Law at ePublications@bond. It has been accepted for inclusion in Bond Law Review by an authorized administrator of ePublications@bond. For more information, please contact Bond University's Repository Coordinator. Corporate Governance in Malaysia Abstract This article examines the corporate governance system in Malaysia. A sound corporate governance system should help create an environment conducive to the efficient and sustainable growth in the Malaysian corporate sector. Since the Southeast Asian financial crisis in 1997 – 98 (‘financial crisis’), corporate governance has become a key policy issue confronting many Southeast Asian countries, including Malaysia. This article considers the distinctive problems of corporate governance in Malaysia, despite several steps for reform that have taken place since the financial crisis. There will be a brief discussion on the meaning of corporate governance and an overview of the present status of corporate governance in Malaysia, in particular after the financial crisis. Keywords corporate governance, Malaysia, Southeast Asian financial crisis ...
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...Objective: The most recent financial sector crisis of Bangladesh is the “Hallmark-Sonali Bank Loan Scandal “. This crisis identified in the year 2012 and it has been took place from the year 2010 and finally disclosed in 2012. To learn lesson from this incident and prevent further recurrence, study in depth of this crisis is very important. Background: A central bank probe found that Sonali Bank high-ups, including a deputy managing director, a general manager and the branch manager, were directly involved in the scam. The amount embezzled by the six entities is equivalent to almost 15 percent of the total estimated cost of the $2.9 billion Padma bridge project. Of Tk. 3,547 crore, Hallmark Group alone took away Tk. 2,686.14 crore, T and Brothers Tk. 609.69 crore, Paragon Group Tk. 146.60 crore, Nakshi Knit Tk. 66.36 crore, DN Sports Tk. 33.25 crore and Khanjahan Ali Tk. 4.96 crore. Of the six borrowers, Hallmark has been found to be the biggest fraudster. Analysis and Research: Bangladesh experienced the biggest financial scam in the year 2012 which is commonly known as the “Hallmark-Sonali Bank Loan Scandal “. To understand, analyze and research this scam in depth, let’s look for the answer of the following questions: . What happened? . How did it happen? . Why wasn’t the malpractice prevented or discovered sooner? . What has been the fall out? . Is it Hallmark’s success or failure of Sonali bank? The first question is: What happened? In May 2012, a report...
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