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Corporate Social Responsibility

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Corporate Social Responsibility
Reflective Essay of “Executive and Management attitudes towards corporate social responsibility in Malaysia

Introduction
“Social Responsibility is defined as the role that companies play to serve different stakeholders and also the role that the companies play to support the society.”(George Pohle, 2008)
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is now longer phenomenon to the worldwide organisations and corporation in developed countries on the world, it is considered as the large organisation’s globalising strategies or their responsibility and dedication into the society. However, this essay will focus on the other side of CSR developing world- Malaysia and also the Malaysian managers and executives toward to corporate social responsibility. Based on the report “Executive and management attitudes towards corporate social responsibility in Malaysia” (Rashid and Ibrahim, 2002), criticism and discussion about the writer’s analysis and point of views on the researching statistic will be the main stream of this essay. Also, this essay shall analyse statistic and judgements that are provided in the report. Corporate Social Responsibility of Malaysia discussion by Rashid and Ibrahim (2002) is a considerable material to be study but there are still a few points in the report should be criticised: literature review and methodology.
Aims and Author Conduction
To begin, there are three main aims listed in the report: examination the attitudes in Malaysian executives and managers towards to social responsibility, social activities involvement status, and the factors that determined the corporate social responsibility. Based on these aims and statistics, author conducted to the main arguments that the Malaysian management have positive attitudes towards CSR, the awareness of CSR has been improve lightly, and family upbringing and traditional belief is continuing be the main factor influencing the CSR behaviours (Rashid and Ibrahim, 2002). The above arguments of the authors have strong database to support, also they are stated clearly and logically that satisfied the readers in general.
Points to criticise
However, the two critic points in the report are regarding to literature review and methodology. Referring to the literature review, the author has used range of abundance and informative research and report to develop a significant and considerable literature review. Also, in each following categories being discussed, there are supporting reports for providing the general ideas to the afterward statistics.
In fact, although there is the profound relationship between it and the finding and discussion, there is a disconnection in between them due the differences in locations and areas that these reports were participated and carried out. For instance, the report of Holmes (1976) included the important idea regarding to the executives perceptions of CSR, and it provided sum reliable information, but it was examined in USA, not in Malaysia. USA is a developed country whereas Malaysia is belonged to developing world country, the gap between the economic statuses and differences of other factors with in society of these two countries could concerned the readers about how these information could be linked together.
In other word, the supporting reports are reliable in general and they satisfied the main topic direction, however there is a lightly irrelevant in locations and types of reports to use to support the main direction. Consequently, chances of bias judgment could happen due to the digression in the supporting information. In turn, the methodology of the research is another point to be criticised. The researching type have been used is qualitative methodology which is focus on how the statistics could solve reasons of behaviours. Nonetheless, limitation of this methodology is this type of researching method is just able to focus on a small and symbolised area of survey. In the research paper of Ibrahim and Rashid, the questionnaires are distributed in Kuala Lumpur City, and only 198 responses that were used for analysing. Consequently, the question of the above survey area could be considered as whole Malaysia corporations system, would effects the reliability of the final analysis. In fact, Kuala Lumpur City is capital of economic and it could be a symbol for Malaysia in many aspects, but it could not represent for whole Malaysia in case of only collected 198 responses. In particularly, Malaysia has the variety in their economy, and Kuala Lumpur is the economic metropolitan city whereas there are still many of lower class cities beside it. So that the main issue in the methodology has been used in this research is the lack of generalisation in order to collect both positive and negative statistic to produce a general view pointed analysis. Over all, it is a strong statistic database to support the author’s ideas and judgements mostly. Literature and methodology are two points of the report that should be criticised and improved in order to increase the reliability of it. Analysis on author’s conduction
As a developing country, Malaysia is a great illustration for the economic boom in 1970s in south-east Asia (economicwatch, 2010). Due to its involvement in the local economic growth since last three decades, Malaysia economic and business leaders and community parties also pay much attention on Corporate Social Responsibility (Rashid, 2002). According to the report of Rashid and Ibrahim in 2002, the result showed that there is a significant percentage of Malaysian executives strongly agree with the making profit should goes as the same time with dedication into society. Also, It is approximately 69 per cent agreed that improvement community’s living quality also help corporation improve profitability (Rashid, 2002). Point in fact, Malaysian executives and management mostly realised the importance of corporate social responsibility, and also positive in possibility that responsibility does not only benefit the society but also engage the public image to the customers who are belonging that society. In contradict, Organisation and Corporation may have higher attentions as if they are gaining much enough benefits from their society. In other word, it could be summed that CSR and corporation’s benefits are supporting each other possibility to be happening.
Furthermore, corporate social responsibility also could become the innovating strategies for both large organisations and small companies by advancing times and effort on listening and solving customer’s problems and enquiry as the best they could. Consequently, it could make the possibility of the trusty and favourable public image of the organisations happen. For example, the 2011 annum report of McDonald was included the “Global Sustainability Score Card”, that implicates their progress of healthier food cooking improvements and experiments are on progressing. As what they stated that “Nutrition & Well-Being, Sustainable Supply Chain, Environmental Responsibility, Employee Experience, Community” (McDonald, 2011), McDonald set their goals that’s much more aware and concentrate on their customer health, their staff’s working environment, and also their action on environment and community issues. These goals possibly could re-shape the past image on just fast-food restaurants but still has innovation and willing to take care of their consumers. Obviously, organisations and corporations in Malaysia have the higher percentage (91.8%) on their employee’s welfare (facilities and benefits) than percentage of practicing customer services (82.9%) (Rashid, 2002). This is a unique different point between U.S based corporation, such as McDonald, and the Malaysian national organisation. There is the variation in the way of CSR involvement but there is basically not much difference could have as the result. According to kinds of activity that the business participated in, it could assume that Malaysia corporate social responsibility has more interest on the local area then the global economic because of Malaysia is still a developing country. It still properly building the local area foundation to be achieved national economic satisfaction. Follow this further, the above explanation also could be considered as the reason supports the factors influencing attitudes towards CSR. According to the statistic of Rashid and Ibrahim (2002), the main factors are family upbringing and traditional beliefs and customs (rank 1 and 2 out of 7 factors). Due to its concrete ethical and traditional background, Malaysian corporate social responsibility attitude toward to CSR is extremely shaped the executives and managements. It is remaining at the first rank is the factors index in the ten-year period (1991-2001), that could prove how profound that family background effects the corporate social responsibility behaviours. This factor is absorbed into the culture and could remain to the following generation.
Conclusion
To sum up, “Executive and management attitudes towards corporate social responsibility in Malaysia” by Rashid and Ibrahim (2002) is considerable material to study, but there are still a few points to criticise and should be reviewed such as methodology and literature in particular. Besides, Corporate Social Responsibility is a worthy topic to discuss as it is an issue to organisation and management not only in Malaysia but also many countries on the world, and have to face now and in the near future.

Reference list:
EconomyWatch Content. (2010). Malaysia Economy. Available at: < http://www.economywatch.com/world_economy/malaysia/>. [Accessed 20th May 2012].
George Pohle , 2008. IBM Study: Corporate Social Responsibility - Youtube. [online] Available at: < http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PdkYieDuVvY > [Accessed 20 May 2012].
McDonald. (2012). Our Focus Areas. Available at: <http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/mcd/sustainability/our_focus_areas.html>. [Accessed 21th May 2012].
Md Zabid Abul, Rashid. Ibrahim, Saaditul. (2002). Executive and Management attitudes towards corporarte social responsibilty in Malaysia. Corporate Governance. 2 (4), p10-16.

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