...Correction System The correction system is one of the umbrella sections of criminal justice that is mandated to deal with lawbreakers and offenders. Primarily, the correction system serves three main functions of punishing, protecting and correcting the criminal offender. In America, the government agencies work together with correction systems to ensure that these responsibilities are met. Also referred to as the penal system, the correctional system is charged with the duty of administering jurisdictions, especially to community based programs, parole and probation victims. This paper is a description of the history of correctional systems in America and discusses two needs that require to be fixed so that correction systems run more safely and efficiently. History of correction systems in America The history of the correctional system in the United States dates back to the 17th century during which imprisonment as a form of punishment had begun to become popular (Roth, 2006). The American Revolution largely contributed to the efforts of initializing a system that would deal with law offenders. During this period, prisons in the form of detention facilities and dungeons were commonly used in different parts of America. The efforts of building prisons in and around America began in three major waves were the first wave began during the infamous Jacksonian Era (Stanko et al, 2004). This era led to extensive use of imprisonment and heavy labor as a way of punishing penalty...
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...Running head: THE CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM IN AMERICA The Correctional System in America in need Of Revamping, Yes or No? Abstract The correctional system in America is failing, and it impact on the community is disproportionate. It has a direct and indirect influence in the community, in it values, family structure, and in the lives of the inmates it hold. Americans should take stand and revamp the system today to avoid regretting it tomorrow. Introductory Paragraph I. A growing number of Americans are seeking reforms for the correctional systems in the country. Some agree with this thought and some disagree with it. II. With more prisoners being added by the hundreds each week, chaos is dominating the correctional department. III. Whatever the case may be, there is not a doubt that the correctional system in America is not working, and is failing to resolve important issues such as: A) Crowdedness. B) Health and drugs problems. C) Rehabilitation. Transition Body IV. Prisoners need to be packed like sardines. V. Violation of privacy. VI. The government has to care even for criminals. VII. Lack of personal space might have psychological effects on prisoners, it has been proven. Transition VIII. Health and drugs crimes are also being committed outside. IX. Prisoners are being force to live with health and drugs issues. X. Government should provide...
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...Correctional System Budget Student’s Name Institution Introduction Different states in the United States are faced with the worst financial crisis in history. Declining revenues had led to forced cuts in almost all government functions among them being the correctional facilities which were considered off limits before this crisis began. The budgets of more than 26 state department of corrections have been significantly cut, and those that have not been cut are reducing their expenditure on non-core areas. The correctional departments faced with the budget cuts have all reduced operational costs as it is one of the easiest and quickest steps to take (Mears, 2010).Corrections departments all followed this path by reducing personnel costs, reducing beds and eliminating certain programs. The specific strategies that were adopted for such savings however differed. For example, Maine changed the way it provided medication to inmates and renegotiated its health contract with its healthcare provider. Even more controversial, some states reduced the amount of food given to inmates. An example is Georgia which reduced the meals given to inmates, but still provided the same calories. Other states including New York and Kansas stopped their planned technology upgrades and postponed their expenditure plans. However, the cost-cut measures that were employed by different states correction facilities included downsizing programs, closing facilities and reducing personnel costs. Downsizing...
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...Correctional System Budget Student’s Name Institution Introduction Different states in the United States are faced with the worst financial crisis in history. Declining revenues had led to forced cuts in almost all government functions among them being the correctional facilities which were considered off limits before this crisis began. The budgets of more than 26 state department of corrections have been significantly cut, and those that have not been cut are reducing their expenditure on non-core areas. The correctional departments faced with the budget cuts have all reduced operational costs as it is one of the easiest and quickest steps to take (Mears, 2010).Corrections departments all followed this path by reducing personnel costs, reducing beds and eliminating certain programs. The specific strategies that were adopted for such savings however differed. For example, Maine changed the way it provided medication to inmates and renegotiated its health contract with its healthcare provider. Even more controversial, some states reduced the amount of food given to inmates. An example is Georgia which reduced the meals given to inmates, but still provided the same calories. Other states including New York and Kansas stopped their planned technology upgrades and postponed their expenditure plans. However, the cost-cut measures that were employed by different states correction facilities included downsizing programs, closing facilities and reducing personnel costs. Downsizing...
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...Correctional System Budget Student’s Name Institution Introduction Different states in the United States are faced with the worst financial crisis in history. Declining revenues had led to forced cuts in almost all government functions among them being the correctional facilities which were considered off limits before this crisis began. The budgets of more than 26 state department of corrections have been significantly cut, and those that have not been cut are reducing their expenditure on non-core areas. The correctional departments faced with the budget cuts have all reduced operational costs as it is one of the easiest and quickest steps to take (Mears, 2010).Corrections departments all followed this path by reducing personnel costs, reducing beds and eliminating certain programs. The specific strategies that were adopted for such savings however differed. For example, Maine changed the way it provided medication to inmates and renegotiated its health contract with its healthcare provider. Even more controversial, some states reduced the amount of food given to inmates. An example is Georgia which reduced the meals given to inmates, but still provided the same calories. Other states including New York and Kansas stopped their planned technology upgrades and postponed their expenditure plans. However, the cost-cut measures that were employed by different states correction facilities included downsizing programs, closing facilities and reducing personnel costs. Downsizing...
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...Like society, punishment in correctional systems have evolved. Correctional systems are also known as Penal Systems, which refers to a network of agencies that administer jurisdiction over prisons. Today, the punishment for committing a crime include imprisonment, restitution/ fines, probation/ parole and the death penalty. However, there was a time when individuals would have their right hand cut off for stealing, or be drowned for committing adultery. Imagine being part of a society where drowning someone for committing adultery is considered an acceptable form of punishment. Luckily for today’s generation, punishment has progressed from torture to a more humane method for disciplining individuals for their wrong doing. The brutal punishment...
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...American Correctional System Issues The American correctional system is thought to be the most advances correctional system today. Our correctional also has its issues just like anything in this world. Now a day, the greatest issue with the correctional system in our country amongst other countries I would have to say would be that there is not enough room to hold all of our criminals. Over population of inmates in prisons is an issue that is hard to control as you cannot control people from not committing crimes. There are many different problem and issues that should be addressed within our correctional system. Its very difficult to only focus on one problem/issue to focus on. One main issue that seems to pop up where ever you research for the top issue within the American correctional system is how many inmates out prisons are holding. The population of prisoner is growing much faster than we are constructing prison. Criminals such as murders who are hardly serving their complete sentences are over crowding these prisons. These murderers are being release early from these prisons because of how over crowed they have become and they now need room for other inmates that are now coming into the prison. Many problems come from releasing criminals earlier than they were supposed to. Let me set up a scenario where this may make a citizen uneasy, lets say that a person tried to kill you and your spouse but they were only successful in murdering one of you and this inmate...
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...researchers and psychologist have debated whether we as humans store memories in a single, unitary system or multiple system pertaining to different types of memories. The multiple memory system theory states that memory is stored into different types of memory or storage. Those being short-term vs. long-term, procedural vs. declarative, semantic vs. episodic, and so on. Single unitary system or states that memory is unified by short term and long-term memory through a process that stores the memory together in the hippocampus. The debate that researcher and psychologist have been arguing about is whether which model best fits into how we actually store memory. Arguments can be made for both sides in how humans store there memories. Vouchers of the...
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...According to Peters (2011), the involvement of social workers in the correctional system is peculiar, given that those who are involved in the criminal and juvenile system are unquestionably among the helpless and troubled populations that the profession has conventionally served. The youth probation system shares its root with social work but lacks a robust association to it today. The role of social workers in the juvenile correction has diminished. With such discord between these two groups, it creates a negative impact on the way in which services are provided to these offenders when they are released. When offenders are released, they are faced with multiples of challenges that prevent them from integrating into society. There are...
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...Crime Causation Sharon Semien BUS303 August 9, 2011 Katina Douglas Crime Causation In 1980, an Illinois jury convicted John Wayne Gacy for killing 33 young boys and men. Sarcastically, after his conviction, the infamous killer (also known as “The Killer Clown”) said “I should have never been convicted of anything more serious than running a cemetery without a license” (Star Quotes, 2009, p. 1). Obviously, something intrusively wrong resonated in Gacy for him to make such a statement that negated the intensity of his actions. Gacy buried majority of his victims under the crawl space of his home and discarded other victims in the Des Plaines River (Bell & Bardsley, 2011). People often question what would make someone do such vicious and torturous acts on another person. Criminologists developed theories explaining the reasons people deviate from societal norms and commit immoral acts laws prohibit (Schmallenger, 2003). Particularly, in this case, John Wayne Gacy is a person suitable to study. Certainly, a few crime causation theories explain how his upbringing, life experiences, and other deep, underlying issues led him to committing crimes to the extent he did. Gacy’s Background Information Gacy was the only son of three children born to Marion and John Gacy. He had an older sister (Joanne) and younger sister (Karen). The Gacy’s were a middle-classed, Catholic family who lived on the north side of Chicago. As a young boy in middle school, Gacy kept...
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...It happened at the Stateville Correctional Center in Crest Hill, Illinois. Other people and the people in his state were saying that he deserves more than just a death punishment right away, they want him to suffer more because of all the bodies he killed. After Gacy’s trial and execution, his brain was removed and it was examined by Dr. Helen Morrison. She was the doctor that interviewed Gacy and she also interviewed some other serial killers to try and find the common personality traits of all these violent killers. After all the examination that Dr. Morrison did of Gacy’s brain, they were surprised that it showed no...
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...Rehabilitation Nicole Grant CCJS/230 – Introduction to Corrections Instructor – David Foltzer August 25, 2013 The definition of rehabilitation as it would apply to a prisoner is “the process of restoring an individual to a useful and constructive place in society especially through some form of vocational, correctional, or therapeutic retraining”. When we speak of prisoner rehabilitation we are seeking to teach prisoners how to function as productive, law abiding citizen within society. The purpose is to provide them with educational, vocational and therapeutic services that will give them an alternative way to live that will hopefully deter them from the criminal lifestyle in the future. The origins of prisoner rehabilitation can be found at Zebulon Brockway’s Elmira Reformatory in Elmira, NY which opened in 1876. It is there that classification of inmates, industrial training, individualized treatment, parole, indeterminate sentencing and other proposed reforms where packaged into a new approach to address criminal behavior. Although the rehabilitation era didn’t happen until the mid 1950’s – mid 1970’s there was no clear cut mission as to what rehabilitation was supposed to be and what was supposed to be gained from it. Rehabilitation makes prisons a more humane and productive environment. Inmates are occupied with bettering themselves educationally, vocationally and therapeutically. There is not as much violence or criminal behavior in prison because it is cause...
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...or ethnicity, if you commit a crime you are going to serve time in some type of correctional facility or be state property in some form such as; probation or parole. The type of correctional facility that you will be sent to really depends on the level of crime you commit. If it is a superior level crime you will be sent to a correctional facility but if it is a federal offense you will be set to a federal correctional facility which will each have a different level of security based on how extensive the crime is that you committed. Here is an example of a variety of different federal penitentiaries. General Manuel Noriega, former Panamanian Dictator from 1983 to 1989. Noriega is no ordinary man, after High School he had military preparation at Chorizos Military Academy in Peru. In 1962 graduated with an engineering degree. In 1967, he received counterintelligence training at the School of the Americas at Fort Gulick, when it was located in the U.S. Army base in Panama. Later he was also trained in psychological operations at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. From the 1950s to the 1980s he worked with the CIA, being under its payroll most of this time. Noriega captured in 1990 in Panama by the U.S. Forces. The reasons for his arrest were drug trafficking, racketeering and conspiracy. He was sentenced to 30 years in prison but later reduced to 17. Correctional move for Noriega A) Federal Correctional Institution, Miami; where he received all...
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...Running head: PRISON COMPARISON PAPER Federal Prison Comparison Paper Jessica Cantu University of Phoenix Introduction to Corrections CJA 234 Jeffery Newton November 12, 2011 Federal Prison Comparison Paper There are different kinds of state prisons are: supermax, maximum security, close-high security, medium security, minimum security, and open security. Supermax prisons are permanent lockdown. Maximum security prisons are usually older, larger, walled facilities. They also have the most rigorous security procedures and the lowest inmate to guard ratio. Close-high security are a kind of maximum security but less restrictive and the inmate to guard ratio is a bit higher. Medium security prisons are smaller and newer, and have double fences instead of walls. These prisons also have dorm or pod housing rather than cells; however, the inmate to guard ratio is a bit higher. Minimum security prisons are also newer and smaller as well as minimal perimeter security and fewer internal controls. Again there is an even higher inmate to guard ratio and the inmates live in rooms or dorms and have more privacy and amenities than those in other prisons. Open security prisons are better known as nonsecure facilities; work release centers, prerelease centers, and halfway houses. These facilities have no armed guards and no fences (Foster, 2006). John Gotti John Gotti grew up in poverty but quickly rose in prominence, and was one of the crime family's biggest...
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...Christopher Gault CJA/234 December 19, 2011 Rollin Cook Federal prison comparison In this paper describe the prisons that certain individuals were sent to. I will make sure I compare and contrast the similarities and differences between these individuals. The individuals I will be discussing are Martha Stewart, Ivan Boesky, Michael Milken, Manuel Noriega, Timothy McVeigh, and Terry Nichols. All of these individuals were convicted of Federal crimes and sent to a Federal prison to serve their time. Martha Stewart was assigned to the minimum security women's prison in Alderson, W. Va., known as "Camp Cupcake." It is called that because it is a very low security prison and your time spent there should be easy. The West Virginia federal correctional facility is located in the hills of the Allegheny Mountains; this prison is more than 400 miles south of Stewart's Westport home. Martha Stewart wanted to go to a prison closer to her home so she could be close to her elderly mother. The low security facility was opened in 1927 as the first federal prison for women, Martha wasn’t the first big name to spend time at the facility. The prison once housed Billie Holiday, as well as Lynette Fromme and Sara Jane Moore. Both of these women tried to assassinate President Gerald Ford. The prison has no perimeter fence, and inmates can spend their free time playing volleyball and tennis or even doing aerobics. So that explains why they call it “Camp Cupcake”. Regardless of Martha Stewart's great...
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