...Running Head: Effectiveness of Juvenile Correctional Facilities Effectiveness of Juvenile Correctional Facilities: Juvenile Crime Kalah Jiggetts Criminal Justice Abstract This paper uses data on juvenile offenders released from correctional facilities in Florida to explore the effects of facility management type (private for-profit, private nonprofit, public state-operated, and public county-operated) on recidivism outcomes and costs. The data provide detailed information on individual characteristics, criminal and correctional histories, judge-assigned restrictiveness levels, and home zip codes—allowing us to control for the non-random assignment of individuals to facilities far better than any previous study. Relative to all other management types, for-profit management leads to a statistically significant increase in recidivism, but, relative to nonprofit and state-operated facilities, for-profit facilities operate at a lower cost to the government per comparable individual released. Cost- benefit analysis implies that the short-run savings offered by for-profit over nonprofit management are negated in the long run due to increased recidivism rates, even if one measures the benefits of reducing criminal activity as only the avoided costs of additional confinement. Since its beginnings in the mid-1980s, prison privatization in the United States has provoked several rounds of congressional hearings and hundreds of articles...
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...Corrections Corrections Service is responsible for probation, parole, aftercare and adult institutional services throughout the Territories. The purpose of the Corrections Service is the correction and treatment of offenders and the protection of the community by: * providing, when requested by a court, information respecting the background of an offender before sentencing; * offering probation and parole supervision, counselling and aftercare services to offenders; * providing for the safe custody and detention of inmates in a correctional centre; * providing supervision, treatment and training of inmates with a view to their rehabilitation; and * promoting and assisting programs designed to prevent and diminish crime within a community. The Corrections Service provides services for both adult and young offenders. These services are supervised by the Director of Corrections, and are undertaken by a staff of approximately 240 full time and casual employees in ten communities. Intermediate punishments are intended for selected criminals convicted of nonviolent crimes, low-level drug offenders, and probationers and parolees who have committed technical violations but no new crimes. Many of these offenders are currently serving time in prison. To accommodate differences in crimes and behavior, the middle rung punishments increase in severity and control as one mounts the ladder towards prison. Intermediate punishments typically have two parts: punishment and requirements...
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...Jails are locally operated correctional facilities that confine accused offenders before or after adjudication. Jails are full-service facilities that offer security, food service, medical care, and offender programs. How is overcrowding due to the differences in jails from the past on to now? The overcrowding is over baring. I would say over the years yes there is a huge differences in hoe he population of the jails grew and became more crowded and crowded. Because the way older jails were set up for the mentally ill, first, second, and third crime offenders, and also the homeless. Which jails now are for almost anything, but mostly small to larger crimes. The organization and operation of the jails should be address for the overcrowding of the jails because that’s where everything starts from there. As the people who are being placed in jail come from being out and not obeying the probation. Which leads them back in jail, and packs them up more and more. But then again I feel that the people are placed with in jail longer than they need to be. Which keeps the jails crowded as well. For instance some people that are jailed made simply offense as of being on the streets at the wrong time and are placed in a jail seal, not even knowing when they would be released. Which is not a good way to operate our jails systems. There should be a lot of changes within the way the jails are...
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...Beeler 8/27/14 Community corrections watch over people who work for the criminal justice system but who are not in prison or jail. Our poor economy has affected our society in ways the prison system has not been spared from what is a system wide budget cuts and closings (Vera2013). In the last 30 years that community corrections have become a substantial part of the correctional system. In recent years, the push for alternatives to incarceration has, in large part, been in response to rapidly increasing prison populations in Canada and the United States (M.R 2012). Legislators in Canada and the United States have passed legislation in recent years aimed at reducing or stabilizing prison populations (J.H 2012). Several issues with the community corrections are low savings, prison overcrowding and biasness. Most community correctional programs emphasize that the use of community alternatives is not as costly as traditional incarceration, while adversaries argue that community programs end up costing more than traditional incarceration. There’s not enough teamwork among corrections departments, and administrators have become more isolated in tight times because they fear sharing resources. One of the biggest issues facing community corrections is all corrections departments partner up and share a little bit; they would make better decisions as a group. Federal prisons, state prisons and local community corrections departments need to foster partnerships...
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...Community corrections serve not only as a tool for punishing offenders to pay for their crimes; it also serves as a means for rehabilitation for offenders and preparing them to be successful in society. A community correction is the supervision of criminal offenders that reside in society instead of a criminal institution. Two main types of community corrections are probation and parole. Probation and parole may be the most common types of community correction but they are not the only ones; there is also house arrest, work release, community residential centers, nonprofit organizations, prerelease guidance centers, and partial incarceration; all of these programs play an important part in the Criminal Justice field in the United States. Parole is a program set up for inmates who are being released from prison. Inmates have to serve a mandatory part of their sentence before they are eligible for parole; once they are eligible then they go before the parole board where it is determined if they have met the qualifications. “Parolees can have a number of different supervision statuses including active supervision, which means they are required to regularly report to a parole authority in person, by mail, or by telephone. Some parolees may be on an inactive status which means they are excluded from regularly reporting, and that could be due to a number of reasons.” Failure to follow the stipulations of parole may result in the individual going back to prison. Probation is when...
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...Discussing the arguments for and against the increased use of community corrections in the criminal justice system is a very broad a difficult topic to cover fully. It is best to start by examining what community corrections actually is. The National Institute of Justice defines it as programs that oversee offenders outside of jail or prison, and are administered by agencies or courts with the legal authority to enforce sanctions. It includes probation – correctional supervision within the community rather than jail or prison – and parole – a period of conditional, supervised release from prison. However, other types of community corrections, like electric monitoring programs, day report programs, and halfway houses are also coming into effect. These other programs can be a part of probation or even stand alone programs. Probation is one of the largest community corrections, it is a court-ordered period of conditional supervision in the community. In some cases, probation can be a combined sentence of incarceration followed by a period of community supervision. People who violate probation are usually sent to prison (they go through another court date, and the judge decides whether they have to go to prison or a more serious community corrections program). Once set to prison, the person is now an inmate; however, if the inmate is behaving well in prison, they can go before a parole board and be released from prison to serve the remainder of their time on parole. Parole...
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...Development of Corrections Caroline E Marczuk University of Phoenix, Development of Corrections Professor David December 20th, 2015 200- to 300-word response to the following questions: * What were women's prisons like before the 1800s? How have they changed? * What are the three basic arguments established in the 1800s that supported the separation of juvenile prisoners from adult prisoners? What would happen if there were no distinction between prisons for juveniles and adults? * What was the purpose of prison labor? What caused the decline of prison labor? The original idea of the big house was to provide an income to the state for the sale of goods produced by prisoners to the public to cover the cost to build and facilitate the prisoners by industrializing the prisoners. Hard work cut the rate of criminal activity by burning down the energy prisoners once had by being subject to solitary confinement. The income would go into state accounts helping cover the costs to house so many inmates and decrease taxes that citizens had to pay which was very costly. There were fewer women than in later dates that were locked up, women and children were not housed separately either they were treated equally as grown men this created conflict and, even more, criminal activity within the big house. Women were subject to sexual abuse from not only the male prisoners but also male guards. Women were more at risk for harassment of both verbal and sexual until 1816 when Elizabeth...
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...Any facet of criminal justice that requires governance or authority over other human beings must have a strong organizational base, and an even stronger leader. Corrections demands a vast array of competencies from those who practice it. All prison inmates have behind them their own unique stories. Corrections leaders must ensure that those employees for whom he/she is responsible practice humanitarian methods when dealing with inmates. At the same time, as some have recently learned, it should be remembered that inmates are in prison for a reason and complacency can literally kill. Such is the conundrum facing the leadership of corrections entities. Much negative case law has been made from the failure of corrections leaders to oversee...
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...Community corrections initiative is rooted in local and community-based programme which is implemented by the non-governmental organizations. In a couple of years there has been an increase in the bureaucratic control, increased offender populations and a growth in the budgetary constraints which have called for a comprehensive approach in the community corrections management. The Wisconsin department of Corrections administers the Wisconsin parole and probation programme, which falls in the Division of Community Corrections (DCC). In the fiscal year 2007-08, there was an average of 71407 offenders who were under supervision as reported by the DOC. This was an increase of about 6000 offenders in relation to the population of offenders in the correction programme. Wisconsin as the other states has embarked on a program aimed at reducing the prison population by initiating an early release if the inmates a strategy aimed at addressing the shortfall in the budget of the state. While details of the early release are on the final stage, it has been indicated that there is an expectation of releasing up to 3000 inmates from prison. There are approximately 21212 inmates who are currently being housed by Wisconsin. Additionally, 71407 of the offenders are on either on parole or probation. Unless changes are effected on the approach of Wisconsin to parole and probation, there is a likelihood of the long-term savings being offset by recidivism. The mounting corrections population in...
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...DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS OREGON AMBER L. SMITH BUS-PS 200A M. NELS JOHNSON WARNER PACIFIC COLLEGE JANRUARY 26, 2013 Abstract In this paper I will examine the structure and functionality of the Oregon Department of Corrections (ODOC). I will explain what ODOC is and what they do. We will also explore the pros and cons of some of the current policies and how those policies could be improved upon. NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR: I chose this government agency because it is of great interest to me. I simply chose this agency instead of an agency that has to do with my employment due to the fact that I am unemployed. Thank you. Keywords: DOC, Department of Corrections, corrections, agency, correctional institutions, governing agency, criminal justice policy, etc. DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS OREGON The Oregon Department of Corrections is a state agency that handles the states’ adult corrections affairs. The ODOC is responsible for the management and administration of all adult correctional institutions and other functions related to state programs for adult corrections. There are seven major divisions within the agency as well as a strong relationship with Oregon Corrections Enterprises, a semi-independent state agency. The department handles the custody of offenders that are sentenced to prison for more than twelve months. The offenders are housed in one of the fourteen state prisons. It is the mission of the ODOC to promote public safety by holding offenders accountable...
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...Community Corrections Paper · Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which you identify options available under community corrections and describe how other nations view the use of imprisonment. Address the following in your paper: What are community corrections? The mission of the Division of Community Corrections is to enhance public safety through the management and reduction of offender risk by providing supervision and collaboration with community partners to assist offenders to change their behavior and repairing the harm they have done. How do community corrections affect the society in which they are practiced? Community based corrections can be viable for the youth but for an adult it is usually not sufficient to deter further illegal activity, we use projects like washing squad cars, litter patrol and i do not mean kittens, and with students we try to utilize some type of cleaning in the area of the school where they will be observed by their peers. It is great if you are not dealing with people who have committed violent crimes.~ maybe will deterr violent criminals....have gained acceptance througout u.s and in poverty stricten and well to do areas. What hypothesis can you make about community corrections and their overall effectiveness within the correctional system? o How would you describe prison systems in foreign countries? How do other nations view imprisonment and put it into practice? What might happen with the U.S. prison system if the United States...
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...What do you see as some of the advantages and disadvantages of the systems concept of corrections? There are many different ways to look at corrections as systems, to begin studies show that the systems are not very effective and this makes it hard for corrections to have a justified case when asking for money for, prisons, criminal justice policies and new ideas. Although over seven million Americans are now in the corrections system, it is still a misinterpreted field because prior to 1990 no Americans were exposed to corrections. Another disadvantage seen when analyzing corrections is the fact that building prisons doesn’t necessarily mean crime rates will be lowered; examples of this could be New York and Florida. While New York decreased their incarcerations by 16% their crime rate when down double that of Florida’s while the crime rates in the same period of time went up the same amount with a 16% higher incarceration rate. Some positives of the corrections system are that it is a broad and growing field in America and there are many jobs being created in the field. Another advantage to the system is that the field is full of new ideas on how to reduce crime rates while decreasing incarcerations therefore, saving money and lowering prison counts in the U.S. What does Lipsky mean by the term street-level-bureaucrat? Lipsky states that street-level-bureaucrats are social workers that provide higher quality treatment for their clients than what they can afford to. Meaning...
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...M__________ HRM September 11, 2011 D_____ Professionalization has to do with gaining professional status for people working in corrections while accreditation seeks comparable status for their employing organizations. When seeking a professional position in the criminal justice field there is some standards that have to be met. The first step is to identify the distinctiveness of the position one will be in quest for. There is not only one person that is accountable for the accreditation development for any department but the importance of a firm foundation for the development should be established through an accreditation manager. These are six important pointers that have been recognized: 1. Merit hiring, which has to do with the qualifications and selection process used to bring new employees into the field 2. Training, which consist of pre-service, in-service, and supervisory and management training for employees at all levels of the organization 3. Advanced technology, which has to do with the equipment resources available to employees 4. Incorruptibility, which requires employees to avoid selling favors to their clients 5. Equal treatment of citizens, which means avoiding discrimination for or against on the basis of personal or cultural biases 6. Close adherence to the law, which means following the law...
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...Community Corrections has been a big part of the criminal justice system. It is used as an alternative to imprisonment. The United States costs have risen in the last twenty years, these costs have come from building more jails and prisons. Policy makers needed to come up with a solution that could help cut these costs, and also stop overcrowding in prisons. Many states are on community- based corrections now. So the question is how can evidence-based practices in community corrections effectively manage offenders without compromising safety? To be able to meet this challenge it requires correction leaders to the use the most effective resources and focus on giving services that prove to reduce offender recidivism. Some examples of community corrections are parole and probation. Both systems watch convicted offenders and sometimes use the same sanctions and rehabilitation programs, but work differently. For instance, offenders on probation serve their sentencing in the community instead of being incarcerated. On the other hand, an offender on parole served time in prison but was granted to be let out in the community; due to maybe good behavior or time served expired. As policy makers now focus to have community- based corrections, probation agencies are stepping up to the plate as a leader. Probation higher ups are having the challenge to help lower these pressures by handling the growing number of offenders within the community. Instead of sending these offenders to prison...
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...Development of Corrections XXXXXXX CJS/230 2012 XXXXXXX Prior to the 1800’s early jails and prisons had no separate provisions to house women prisoners. There were few women in custody and they treated the same as the males and also worked as hard as the males. Women were subjected to abuse as they were mixed with different male prisoners and were guarded by male jailers. There was little concern because of the nature of their crimes. There were volunteers that would visit the prisons for many reasons to try to transform the prisoners into more spiritual middle class home makers. The first separate prison for the women in America was opened in 1873 followed by many others over the years, but even with this transformation they were still being housed in State Prisons and local jails. It was not until after WWII before many of the states had addressed the needs of the women. In the beginning of the 1800’s as prisons were still being established, reformers argued that prison life would be too hard on young people. One concern was the negative impact that the elder prisoners would have on the juveniles; also they felt that confinement would also harden them. The reformers wanted to place the young people in institutions appropriate to their age where they can have a chance to be reformed. Criminal behavior was mostly concentrated in the larger cities, which some set up housing to keep children or teen who were convicted of crimes and/or were sentenced...
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