...ostensibly financial arrangements for not enforcing the law. The offence of bribery is posited on an external briber, one who commits the act of bribing and some form of reciprocation from the one who is bribed. This implies that that the initiative for the transaction comes from someone outside the police organisation. Generally the nature of the reciprocation is vital for proving that a criminal offence has taken place; simply accepting gifts or small amounts of money without evidence of reciprocation might fall under internal disciplanry regulations. For instance, showing that an officer altered a statement so that the briber will not be prosecuted for an offence would be an indication of reciprocation. After describing various forms of coruption and defining what it is, the author continues onto the second part of the chapter explaining a key element in corruption. It described the ‘initiation ceremony’ by fellow officers and this process was also used in the military. The behaviour was described as intinmidating to the point of bullying but the ‘target’ was faced with a stark choice. In this section a former corrupt officer tells his version of this ‘initiation ceremony’. He describes that two armed men, faces hidden by...
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...FOCUSED ON MATERIALS AND PROCESSES. THE CHOICE OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR PRODUCTS HAS ENVIRONTAL IMPLICATIONS UP AND DOWN THE VALUE CHAIN - THIS IS MASSIVE WHEN YOU CONSIDER THAT THERE ARE OVER 900 CONTRACT FACTORIES, ½ M DIFFERENT PRODUCTS & OVER 1M EMPLOYEE. * ENERGY REDUCTION WHICH IMPACTS THE CLIMATE- CO2 EMMISSIONS [ NIKE IS WORKING ACROSS THEIR VALUE CHAIN: OFFICE BUILDINGS, RETAIL STORES, MANUFACTURING FACILIES AND IN/OUT BOUND TRANSPORTATION] * LABOR – THE FACTORIES THAT SUPPLY THE NIKE BRANDS EMPLOY MORE THAT 1 MILLION PEOPLE. 67% FEMALES, AVERAGE AGE OF 31. LOOKING BACK 15 YEARS AGO, NIKE HAS HAD MANY LESSONS LEARNED. THEY HAVE WORKED WITH THE CONTRACT FACTORIES TO BUILD THEIR HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SKILLS. CORUPTION AND HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS WERE COMMON. WITH THE MAJORITY OF CONTRAC. FAC’S IN CHINA, VIETNAM AND INDONESIA. NIKE HAS IMPROVED THE CAPABILITIES OF CANTRACT FACTORY MGMT LEADING TO SAFER WORKING CONDITIONS, LABOR RIGHTS, LIVING CONDITIONS IN THEIR COMMUNITIES. * CHEMISTRY – MATERIAL VENDORS & MANUFACTURING USE CHEMICALS IN DYEING AND OTHER PROCESSES. NIKE HAS BANNED THE USE OF CERTAIN CHEMICALS BECAUSE OF THEIR ENVIR. IMPACT AND PROMOTED THE USE OF GREEN CHEMISTRY AND USE OF OTHER NON-TOXIC ALTERNATIVES * WATER – IN ALL OF NIKE’S SUSTAINABILITY EFFORTS THEY FICUSON THE AREAS IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN WHERE THEY HAVE THE GREATEST POTENTIAL TO MAKE SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENTS, FOR WATER THAT IS IN GROWING AND PRODUCTION&PROCESSING...
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...reader regarding themes of the fundamental choice of morals, and most notably the effects of prolonged guilt and regret. The guilt of the main character tells readers this young boy spent his whole life weighing the events of the past with the possibilities of future alternatives. Dobyns use of symbolism within “Kansas” to help show the reader the everlasting price of guilt through his memories. Along with his ride, we see numerous mentions of a boil, a revolver, and vivid descriptions of the scene. When the readers think about these objects, they are confronted with a narrow view of emotions concerning them. The boil brings thoughts of disgust and infection to the reader's mind. This symbolizes the man's emotion toward the event. ((((CORUPTIONS))))) The revolver was brought to the attention to the readers and brought thoughts of death and murders. The many elements of literary structure Dobyns implements in “Kansas” create a contrast between the fundamental choice of morals, and the effects of prolonged guilt and regret. The young man made a mistake by standing by and keeping quiet. His everlasting guilt haunted him till he was on his deathbed. He knew that he had a choice to make when he was in that truck, and he could have done the right thing and tried his best to keep the farmer from killing his wife, but he chose to do the wrong thing and was only concerned with his own safety. The young man was trying to hide the truth of reality, and kept quiet to himself. His dishonesty...
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...Faculty of Law & Management Graduate School of Management CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Lecturer: Richard Underwood Individual essay Bribery, giving and taking, is an unfortunate consequence of engaging in international trade but is necessary to pursue an organization’s objective of maximizing return on investment. Student name: Vu Thi Hoang Yen Student ID: 15994331 Bribery in international trade has become increasingly popular all over the world. When engaging in international trade, many businesses have to concern about whether bribery is an effective way to reach their target of profits maximization. This essay will discuss about the impact of bribery on organizations’ profits in international trade. The first part will explain the definition of bribery in international trade and provide some fact and figures about the popularity of bribery in business today. The second part will investigate how bribery helps organizations to maximize return on investment. The final part will look at negative influences of bribery on the performance of the business According to The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (2009), bribery is a specific form of corruption that can be defined as the voluntary giving of something of value to influence performance of official duty either by doing something improper or failing to do something they should do within the authority of their position. In the international business, bribery...
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