...Name Instructor Course Date Dark Nebulae Dark nebulae are nonluminous nebulae that are observable since it obscures light from other sources. Nebulae are diffuse clouds of interstellar dust and gas. The shape, size, and characteristics of nebulae may vary significantly because some are the remains of dead stars and others are star nurseries. Dark nebulae are found in areas with no nearby stars. These clouds do not emit or reflect enough light for them to be visible. In fact, the view from the stars behind them is usually blotted out by the dust particles. This paper will exclusively explore on dark nebulae. Normally, these clouds range from 1-10 AU and are less dense than the deepest vacuum in the laboratories of the Earth. They are also thick such that they obscure light from the stars behind them. However, the size of these clouds can be from a few light years up to 600 light years. Additionally, the total mass of dark nebulae can reach several million masses of solar. These clouds can appear to be big depending on the number of stars in it. If there are many stars, the clouds will appear huge, but it can appear small if there are a few stars in it. These clouds existed from a long time ago. Claudius Ptolemaeus did the first record of stars that appeared to be nebulous around 150 AD. Since then, many astronomers have continued discovering these clouds until an American astronomer Beverly Turner Lynds compiled and published a survey of dark nebulas in the year 1960. However...
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...|Source |Visible |Are we exposed |Are they dangerous |Is it ionising/ non- | | | | | |ionising | |Alpha | | |Yes, Alpha particles |ionising | | | | |are very dangerous if | | | | | |inhaled or ingested. | | | | | |They can cause organ | | | | | |and tissue damage | | | | | |since they have great | | | | | |ionizing potential. | | | | | |For example, "they | | | | | |throw bowling balls" | | | | | |at the body’s | | | | | |molecules, DNA...
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...[pic] |TERM PAPER | |MODERN PHYSICS AND ELECTRONICS | | | | | | | |COSMIC RAYS AND ITS EFFECTS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ...
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...Courtney Wilson Phy3300 Wednesday Advanced labs Cloud Chamber Today in class we made cloud chambers. Cloud chambers are inexpensive apparatuses used to detected and visually see the path that some or these particles take when passing through the atmosphere. Also, if you have the right tools you can see how certain objects create and alter the path of alpha particles. We began the class by creating our own Cloud Chambers. The way cloud chambers work is simple. Cloud Chambers were used to detect ionization particles. Cloud Chambers are sealed environments with super saturated liquid such as water or alcohol. The liquid is allowed to vaporize in the chamber. This vapor forms a mist in the sealed chamber. Any cosmic particle, such as a alpha or beta particle, ionizes the mist and forms a ionized nuclei. This nuclei form causes the mist to condense around it and form a cloud. For our chambers we used donated peanut butter jars that were cleaned out. These jars had felt stickers placed along the inside of the jar at the bottom and also on the top ¼ of the jars. These jars did not have the standard plastic lid. Those the lids were replaced with mason jar lids. The tops of the mason jars were also covered with felt as well. We also had Styrofoam molds shaped to fit the top of the peanut mason jars. Next Dr. He, our professor and supervisor, got dry ice and crushed it. We had a few sheets of tin foil. The last thing we got was either 100% or 200% alcohol. We began making...
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...Radioactive Isotopes Introduction: - Radioactive isotopes are kind of isotopes, which have an unstable nuclide and react in assorted ways, they are derived from isotopes that also hold an unstable nucleus but they do not react as radioisotopes do. These factors are categorized by the extra energy which is present in them and which would be used to react and produce some other particle. The reaction, which would result in various emissions of Gama, rays, alpha particles, beta particles. The reaction, which causes these emissions, is called radioactive decay (Radioactivity). The discharge of the radioactive decay is harmful in various ways, only due to the progress in technology now these disadvantages have been converted to advantages and now radioisotopes are used in several facial expressions, which also let in various medical aspects, which would be compensated in the report. The concept of Radioactivity was found by a French physicist, Antoine Henri Becquerel. As most of the discoveries, this also was by a very honest observation and accidental. During the research of phosphorescent materials (The elements which glow in black). Studying Uranium for his research, he kept the uranium on the photographic film, it was a routine for him to hold it under the sunlight for some days and then examine it later. On a cloudy day, he kept the film and the uranium inside. Later on some days he took an observation when he watched the video, the image of the uranium appeared in the film...
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...it is important to understand what Big Bang Theory (BBT) is and is not. Contrary to the common perception, it is not a theory about the origin of the universe. Rather, it describes the development of the universe over time. This process is often called "cosmic evolution". Over the last several decades the basic picture of cosmology given by BBT has been generally accepted by astronomers, physicists and the wider scientific community. However, no similar consensus has been reached on ideas about the ultimate origin of the universe. This remains an area of active research and some of idea current ideas are discussed below. That said, BBT is nevertheless about origins In addition to being a theory about the origins of the basic building blocks for the world we see today, Given the nature of the subject matter, it is also frequently discussed with heavy religious overtones. Young Earth Creationists dismiss it as an "atheistic theory", dreamt up by scientists looking to deny the divine creation account from Genesis. Conversely, Old Earth Creationists (as well as other Christians) have latched onto BBT as proof of Genesis, claiming that the theory demonstrates that the universe had an origin and did not exist at some point in the distant past. Finally, some atheists have argued that BBT rules out a creator for the universe. What is the Big Bang theory? a) Common misconceptions about the Big Bang In most popularized science sources, it is often described with something like...
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...Comparative Essay Erika Shultz Professor Bradshaw Liberty University PHSC 210-A12 LUO August 12, 2013 Introduction We are aware that the universe exists, regardless; it is human nature to search for a deeper understanding. The controversial debate concerning the Big Bang Theory and a Six-Day Creation has been around for centuries. For years, thousands of people, including the “greatest minds in physics,” have pondered the beginning of the universe. Curiosity has led to questions of how the universe began (LaRocco & Rothstein, n.d.). Many scientists believe the earth to have always been in existence (Chown, 2012). Others, however, believe the opposite; they believe in the creation of our universe. Whether one believes in a scientific development of the universe, or in a higher power of creation, there are two sides to every debate. In this paper, each side will be explained, discussed and compared and contrasted. The Big Bang Theory Many people believed at one time that the universe we know today had no beginning or an end. However, through research, the Big Bang Theory proved that the universe was not infinite. The universe has a history and most certainly a beginning (LaRocco & Rothstein, n.d.). According to many scientists, the Big Bang happened about 15 billion years ago. This event was an enormous explosion “filling all of space with all of the particles of the embryonic universe” (LaRocco &Rothstein, n.d.). However, unlike a bomb exploding fragments...
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...------------------------------------------------- What is a Cosmological Constant? Einstein first proposed the cosmological constant (not to be confused with the Hubble Constant) usually symbolized by the greek letter "lambda" (), as a mathematical fix to the theory of general relativity. In its simplest form, general relativity predicted that the universe must either expand or contract. Einstein thought the universe was static, so he added this new term to stop the expansion. Friedmann, a Russian mathematician, realized that this was an unstable fix, like balancing a pencil on its point, and proposed an expanding universe model, now called the Big Bang theory. When Hubble's study of nearby galaxies showed that the universe was in fact expanding, Einstein regretted modifying his elegant theory and viewed the cosmological constant term as his "greatest mistake". Many cosmologists advocate reviving the cosmological constant term on theoretical grounds. Modern field theory associates this term with the energy density of the vacuum. For this energy density to be comparable to other forms of matter in the universe, it would require new physics: the addition of a cosmological constant term has profound implications for particle physics and our understanding of the fundamental forces of nature. The main attraction of the cosmological constant term is that it significantly improves the agreement between theory and observation. The most spectacular example of this is the recent effort...
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...Comparative Essay July 4, 2014 2014 PHSC 210-B14 LUO Tom Williams Introduction Many people today have their thoughts on how the Earth was created. Christians take a biblical perspective of how the universe was created by a creator. One thought that Christians believe is that God created the earth and accomplished this in six days and rested on the seventh day. This is the model of how a week is set up and the model that we currently follow. Jon W. Green states “though differences of opinion exist for various doctrinal issues within Christianity, few are more divisive than controversies surrounding the days of creation and the age of the Earth.” As stated previously many people have thoughts and are curious as to how the Earth itself came into existence. When it comes to the scientific community there are two major theories the old earth view and the young earth view. The two conflicting points of view vary in the idea of how long the it took to create the earth and how old the Earth is. Many creationist take the side of believing that the world was created in six twenty-four hours days and that the Earth itself is no more than 6,000 years old. Whereas those who believe in the old earth theories believe that the earth was formed over a longer period of time. There are two concepts of how these happened the Big bang theory and the six day creation theory. Each of these relates back to the age of the...
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... There are many different athletes who are born and raised in different countries. I chose to do my report on Liang Chow because my favorite sport is gymnastics and Gabby Douglas was one of Liang Chow’s students and shes now a well known gymnast. Liang Chow did gymnastics but retired and became a gymnastics coach. Next, Liang Chow was born in Beijing, China on January 1st, 1968. I learned that China is located in East Asia and the capital of China is Beijing which Liang Chow was born in. China’s population is more than 1.3 billion which is the largest population in the world. China is the second biggest economy in the world after the U.S. China has hundreds of different languages spoken. China has been in tons of wars including: The Sino-Tibetan War, Kuomintang Pacification of Qinghai, and the Chinese Civil War. Poverty and unemployment is a big problem in China. It could’ve affected the athlete’s life because in China people are getting laid off everyday because of the surplus population and Liang Chows parents could’ve gotten laid off and probably wouldn’t be able to afford paying for Liangs classes. Liang Chow started playing gymnastics because he was plucked by a district club to train in gymnastics. Liang chow was a men’s artistic gymnast who was...
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...Page 1 of 3 Get your projects done. 10/29/10 - No hope of doing perfect research www.projectguru.in Call: +919873147443 Mailto: care@projectguru.in Topic: There is no hope of doing perfect research (Griffith, 1998, p97). Do you agree?- A discussion with detailed reference to at least two examples of my research done in schools that I have been studying. Research as the name suggests, means that re- searching. It denotes the process of searching for something whose search has already been completed in the past. That "something" might either be an idea, a concept, a theorem or a technology and much more. "There is no hope of doing perfect research" says Griffiths. In fact, the saying holds good for each and every research work done on earth. I do agree with the saying and would like to add some supporting evidences with reference my experiences in the past. "No two gardens are the same. No two days are the same in one garden"- is a famous quote by the writer Hugh Johnson [Thomas, 1985, p115]. This quote is applicable for human beings too. No two individuals express the same opinion and thought. As their thoughts vary, their idea on perceiving things vary. A research work eventually results in an inference by a person on a particular concept. Obviously, no two researchers conclude the same thing. All of us would be aware of the Big Bang Theory. I am also not an exception to it. I am also one of the poor victims who were made to sit in a class room with boring lectures and...
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...Question 1: The Big Bang Theory, a television show, follows many management concepts. In the episode, “The Bus Pants Utilization”(See Appendix), Leonard comes up with an idea to create a smartphone application will help solve differential equations. This episode conveys the disadvantages of team decision making and correlates directly with Ben Schneider’s ASA theory. As Leonard came up with the idea, Sheldon cannot let go of the fact he’s not in control of the situation nor the leader of the gang. Ultimately, most time is spent on the power struggle between Sheldon and Leonard, and Sheldon naming the device after his initials, rather than working with the group and developing a business strategy. Another disadvantage of team decision making in the episode is displayed through Raj and Howard’s indecisiveness and compromise with the decisions of both leaders. In the end, Leonard emerges as the natural leader, as he displays that he can hold the group together and his ability to work with team. As in Ben Schneider’s ASA model, the team attracted a leader that seemed to embody the team’s objectives, then selected the leader that embodied the team’s objectives, then Leonard fired Sheldon as did not embody the team’s objectives. This episode is a direct correlation of art reflecting the finance business. Usually there is not group decision making as it’s too costly and the power struggle for leadership takes too much time. The key in finance is to make money. If you can emerge...
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...Step 1: Convert 72 km/s into 72,000 m/s to be able to divide by Mpc in the next step. Step 2: Use the formula V=H0D Get H0 by itself, to use for step 3 To do that divide V by D Getting H0 = V/D Step 3: Find the megaparsecs unit of distance Mpc = 3.086 x 10^22 m (was given) H0 =72,000 m/s / mpc H0 = 72,000 / 3.086x1^22 m H0 = 2.33 x 10^-18 s^-1 Step 4: To find the time use the formula given T = 1/H0 1/2.33 x 10^-18 s^-1 s^-1 Step 4: Use the following formula (m/s) / m = 1/s = s^-1 = 4.286111111^17 s Then divide 4.286111111^17 s by (1min/60sec)(1hr/60min)(1day/24)(1yr/365days) = 1.3591618^10 = 13,591,691,800 billion years Finding the calculations of the Universe was a challenging yet easy thing to do. Challenging, because one has to use many formulas and do many different calculations. Easy, because once one the numbers needed were found, they just had to be plugged into the given formulas. Finding the final answer and knowing it was right, makes one feel as if he or she is a scientist or even a genius and have more interest in the Universe. Origins are important to scientist because it helps them understand the age of Universe more. An explanation for the universe’s origin, which has been around for decades, is the big bang theory. Stating that around 15 billion years ago a huge blast or bang made the Universe’s matter and energy. Yet, in a study done of scientists across America more than 75% of the scientist...
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...cooled - still to a temperature inconceivably hot compared to any we see around us now, but sufficiently to allow forces to gradually undergo symmetry breaking, a kind of repeated condensation from one status quo to another, leading finally to the separation of the strong force from the electroweak force and the first particles. In the second phase, this quark-gluon plasma universe then cooled further, the current fundamental forces we know take their present forms through further symmetry breaking - notably the breaking of electroweak symmetry - and the full range of complex and composite particles we see around us today became possible, leading to a matter dominated universe, the first neutral atoms (almost all of them hydrogen), and the cosmic microwave background radiation we can detect today. Modern high energy particle physics theories are satisfactory at these energy levels, and so physicists believe they have a good understanding of this...
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...entertaining television shows can give families something to bond over. All there is to do is press a button, sit comfortably in a chair, and enjoy the show. For example, The Big Bang Theory is a show most people love to watch in their free time. It is a comedy that people find hilarious, which makes it great to watch for people who just want to unwind and have a laugh. George Lopez is also a very famous show that has been playing on television for many years. It has a lot of comedy, and every episode has a life lesson that people can relate to, which makes it very entertaining to watch. Watching shows like Big Bang Theory and George Lopez can help people de stress and relax. Furthermore, television has become an excellent source for education in today’s society. Many television shows teach children how to work with shapes, how to read, and even learn different languages. For example, Dora the Explorer is a popular show that provides many skills for children to learn. In this program, children are learning a second language,...
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