...TOURO COLLEGE COURSE SYLLABUS DEPARTMENT: Business COURSE TITLE: Cost Accounting COURSE NUMBER: EBA 213 PREREQUISITES: EBA 101, EBA 102 CREDIT HOURS: 3 DEVELOPER: Professor Simon Saltz LAST UPDATE: December 1,2003 COURSE DESCRIPTION: Cost accounting focuses on cost determination for manufacturers, products and services. This includes the establishment and maintenance of job order and process cost systems, and the classification of costs as product or period, direct or indirect. Also included are managerial techniques and systems such as budgeting and variance analysis, which enable a business to manage its affairs more efficiently . COURSE/ DEPARTMENTAL OBJECTIVES: Students should be able to understand the thinking and systems of the business world. Understanding how the cost of a product is determined, as it moves through the manufacturing process, enables students to gain insight into how pricing decisions are made. They will be in a better position to determine whether a business is price gouging and can be an effective force in countering such behavior. Understanding budgeting systems enables one to properly manage a business and diagnose the causes of poor business performance. This could help preserve jobs for employees and investment value for shareholders. COURSE/ INSTITUTIONAL...
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...Cost Accounting B.Com (Annual) Part-II Paper-IV Maximum Marks: 100 (Pass Marks: 40) Duration of Examination: 3 hrs Course Contents: Topic Source Sections Concept and Scope of Accounting: Definition, cost elements, nature and objective, charts of accounts and coding in cost accounting. Ch 2, Book 1 A Cost Classification and Flow: Product and period cost, direct and indirect cost, Differential cost and revenue, Opportunity and Sunk cost, fixed and variable cost, mixed cost, statement of cost of goods manufactured and sold statement. Ch 1, Book 2 Ch 2, Book 1 A Material Planning, Controlling and Costing: • Procedure for material procurement and use • Material costing methods • Inventory valuation at cost or market whichever is lower • Procedure for spoiled, scrap and defective work • EOQ , Inventory level and reserve stocks • Valuation of inventory • Planning materials requirement • Materials control Ch 7,8, Book 1 A Labour Controlling and accounting for costs: • Productivity and labour costs • Incentive wage plans • Learning curve theory • Organisation for labour cost accounting and control • Overtime plans, Bonus payments, vocation pay guaranteed annual wage plans , apprenticeship and training programs • Human resource accounting • Pension plans • Labor related deductions Ch 9,10, Book 1 A Factory Overhead Planned, Actual and Applied Variance Analysis: • Procedure of factory overheads including apportionment • Applied and actual FOH,...
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...2. Job Order Costing Cost accounting involves the procedures for measuring, recording, and reporting product cost. From the data accumulated, companies determine the total cost and the unit cost of each product. The two basic type of cost accounting system are job order cost and process cost. Under a job order cost system the company assigns cost to each job or to each batch of goods. A company uses process cost system when it manufactures a large volume of similar products. Production is continuous. Companies can use both cost systems, the objective of both cost accounting system is to provide unit cost information for product pricing, cost control, inventory valuation, and financial statement presentation. In job order costing, companies first accumulate manufacturing cost in three accounts: Raw materials inventory, factory labor, and manufacturing overhead. The assign the accumulated cost to work in process inventory and eventually to finished good inventory and cost of goods sold. In a manufacturing company, the cost of factory labor consists of three costs: gross earnings of factory workers, employer payroll taxes on these earnings, fringe benefits incurred by employers. A company has many types of over head cost: machinery repair and the use of indirect materials and indirect labor. A job cost sheet is a form used to record the cost chargeable to specific job and to determine the total and unit cost of the completed job. Job cost sheets constitute the subsidiary...
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...Organization Overview or Profile of the Organization Beximco Pharmaceutical Ltd. is a leading edge pharmaceutical company based in Dhaka, Bangladesh and is a member of the Beximco Group. The history of pharmaceutical business of the company dates back to the early 70s, when it started to import market and distribute medicines from world renowned companies like Upjohn Inc. of USA and Bayer AG of Germany. Since the very beginning, the company was highly successful in generating increased demand for its products which eventually justified local production. It completed its registration in 1976 and started its operation in 1980 by manufacturing and marketing licensee products of Bayer AG of Germany and Upjohn Inc. of USA. After its initial years of struggle it broke ground with the launching of its own products in 1983. In 1985 BPL was listed in Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) as a Public Limited Company. The journey continued and barrier after barrier were crossed, challenges were faced and overcome to transform BPL into what it is at present. Now it has grown to become nation's one of the leading pharmaceutical companies, supplying more than 10% of the country's total medicine need. In the process, it was enlisted in Chittagong and London Stock Exchange. Today Beximco manufactures and markets its own `branded generics' for almost all diseases from AIDS to cancer, from infection to asthma, from hypertension to diabetes for both national and international markets ( Beximco Pharmaceutical...
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...PRINCIPLES OF COST ACCOUNTING This page intentionally left blank PRINCIPLES OF COST ACCOUNTING 15E E D W A R D J. V A N D E R B E C K Professor Emeritus Department of Accountancy Xavier University Principles of Cost Accounting, 15th Edition Edward J. VanDerbeck ª 2010, 2008 South-Western, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Vice President of Editorial, Business: Jack W. Calhoun Acquisitions Editor: Matt Filimonov Developmental Editor: Lauren Athmer Marketing Manager: Kristen Hurd Marketing Coordinator: Heather McAuliffe Content Project Manager: Corey Geissler Production Technology Analyst: Starratt Alexander Media Editor: Scott Fidler Sr. Manufacturing Coordinator: Doug Wilke Production Service: Cadmus Sr. Art Director: Stacy Shirley Internal Designer: Jennifer Lambert, Jen2Design, LLC Cover Designer: cmiller design Cover Image: ªGetty Images For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706 For permission...
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...PRINCIPLES OF COST ACCOUNTING This page intentionally left blank PRINCIPLES OF COST ACCOUNTING 15E E D W A R D J. V A N D E R B E C K Professor Emeritus Department of Accountancy Xavier University Principles of Cost Accounting, 15th Edition Edward J. VanDerbeck ª 2010, 2008 South-Western, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Vice President of Editorial, Business: Jack W. Calhoun Acquisitions Editor: Matt Filimonov Developmental Editor: Lauren Athmer Marketing Manager: Kristen Hurd Marketing Coordinator: Heather McAuliffe Content Project Manager: Corey Geissler Production Technology Analyst: Starratt Alexander Media Editor: Scott Fidler Sr. Manufacturing Coordinator: Doug Wilke Production Service: Cadmus Sr. Art Director: Stacy Shirley Internal Designer: Jennifer Lambert, Jen2Design, LLC Cover Designer: cmiller design Cover Image: ªGetty Images For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706 For permission...
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...UNIVERSITY BAUCHI, SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE. COURSE TITTLE: COST ACCOUNTING (BAT 212) ASSIGNMENT QUESTION:- WITH A CASE STUDY, DISCUSS THE IMPORTANCE AND APPLICATION OF COSTING TECHNIQUES IN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA? (CASE STUDY OF YANKARI MASS TRANSIT CORPORATION) By Nwankwo Stephen c. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the assignment 1.2 Purpose/objectives of the assignment 1.3 Definition of the term 1.4 Historical background of the case study ABSTRACT The aim of the assignment is to find out the importance of using costing techniques such as operating costing, standard costing, direct costing, absorption costing etc. in one of the sub-sector of Nigerian economy(hospitality). And also to identify the techniques adopted by the hospitality industry and it’s important to the organization. INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE ASSIGNMENT The hospitality industry is a broad category of fields within the service industry that include lodging, transportation, and additional fields within the tourism industry. Since the introduction of money, people have been concerned with cost. They think of how to manage money. Costing system was first recognized in manufacturing industries with the aim of finding the cost of production or cost of a product, presently, the system is used very widely in...
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...company incurred more total job costs than the amount budgeted for the job. | | B. | | The actual manufacturing overhead costs were less than the manufacturing overhead assigned to jobs. | | C. | | Estimated manufacturing overhead was less than actual manufacturing overhead costs. | | D. | | The company incurred more manufacturing overhead costs than the manufacturing overhead assigned to jobs. | | | 2) Luca Company overapplied manufacturing overhead during 2006. Which one of the following is part of the year end entry to dispose of the overapplied amount assuming the amount is material? | | A. | | An increase to finished goods | | B. | | An increase to cost of goods sold | | C. | | A decrease to applied overhead | | D. | | A decrease to work in process inventory | | | 3) Why is factory overhead applied to products and jobs by manufacturing companies? | | A. | | Total actual overhead costs can never be accurately determined for production. | | B. | | It provides a more accurate cost of the job or products being processed. | | C. | | Because indirect costs are easy to trace to products and jobs. | | D. | | It allows managers more timely determination of product costs during the manufacturing process. | | | 4) In a job order cost accounting system, the Work in Process account is | | A. | | closed at year end | | B. | | a control account | | C. | | a period cost | | D. | | an expense | | ...
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...CHAPTER 2: MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING CONCEPTS/JOB COSTING ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS 1. The major differences between managerial and financial accounting are: |Financial Accounting |Managerial Accounting | |External users of information—usually stockholders, financial|Internal users of information—usually managers. | |analysts, and creditors. | | |Must comply with generally accepted accounting principals. |Need not comply with generally accepted accounting principles| | |Internal cost-benefit evaluation deter-mines how much | | |information is enough. | |Uses historical data. |May use estimates of the future for budgeting and decision | | |making. | |Summary data are presented. |More detailed data are provided about product costs, | | |revenues, and profits. | 2. The three elements of costs incurred in manufacturing a product...
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...Introduction According to Chand (2015), costing techniques are used by management for controlling cost and making managerial decisions. It systematically records expenses and analyses the cost of each product manufactured or service rendered by an organisation (Hariharan, n.d.). Firms choose to adapt to a specific costing theory that caters accordingly to their needs and objectives. Part 1: Evaluation of Costing Theories Costing theories are very important in business decision making. According to Hariharan (n.d.), they serve managers as a guide to make correct decisions such as what price to quote, whether to place order for inputs or whether to abandon or add a product to the production line. Costing theories also determines the price of the best alternative use of a factor of production and results in an efficient allocation of resources (Chand, 2015). The business will adopt the most profitable production inputs by identifying unprofitable activities, losses and inefficiencies (Chand, 2015) Costing theories also helps the decisions regarding the capital expenditure through the estimation of long-run function (Chand, 2015). This function will be useful to managers when deciding on the expansion or contraction of plant size in the firm and confirming that the present plant size is just nice for the output level that is being produced (Chand, 2015). It improves the overall productivity of an organisation and acts as an important guide in bringing prosperity to the firm (Vitez...
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...STATEMENTS 1. Cost accounting is primarily concerned with accumulating information about product costs. 2. A job order cost system is most appropriate when a large volume of uniform products are produced. 3. A process cost accounting system is appropriate for similar products that are continuously mass produced. 4. The perpetual inventory method cannot be used in a job order cost system. 5. A job order cost system and a process cost system are two alternative methods for valuing inventories. 6. A job order cost system identifies costs with a particular job rather than with a set time period. 7. A company may use either a job order cost system or a process cost system, but not both. 8. Raw Materials Inventory, Factory Labor, and Manufacturing Overhead are all control accounts in the general ledger when a job order cost accounting system is used. 9. Accumulating and assigning manufacturing costs are two important activities in a job order cost system. 10. Recording the acquisition of raw materials is a part of accumulating manufacturing costs. 11. Manufacturing costs are generally incurred in one period and recorded in a subsequent period. 12. The Purchases account is credited for all raw materials purchase returns and allowances. 13. When raw materials are received, there is no effort at this point to associate the cost of materials with specific...
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...materials and direct labor costs to the job cost sheet. Calculate a predetermined overhead rate and use it to apply manufacturing overhead cost to jobs. Describe how costs flow through the accounting system in job order costing. Calculate and dispose of overapplied or underapplied manufacturing overhead. Calculate the cost of goods manufactured and cost of goods sold. Lecture Presentation–LP2 www.mhhe.com/whitecotton1e 36 FOCUS COMPANY: Toll Brothers Inc. “America’s Luxury Home Builder” www.tollbrothers.com H ave you ever found yourself in the following situation? You go out to a trendy new restaurant with a group of friends. You are on a limited budget, so you order the cheapest dish on the menu and a glass of ice water. Meanwhile, your friends indulge in a full-course meal with drinks, appetizers, entrees, and dessert. When it is time to pay the bill, would you prefer to split the check or get a separate tab for each person at the table? This common scenario illustrates the basic difference between the two costing systems discussed in the next two chapters. Process costing is similar to splitting the check, or spreading the total cost over the number of units produced (or in the case of a restaurant meal, the number of customers at the table). This simple method works well as long as each unit (or customer) consumes about the same amount of cost (or food). Process costing is discussed in the next chapter. With job order costing, a separate cost record is kept for each...
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...Cost Accounting : An Introduction MODULE - 6B Elementary Cost Accounting 27 COST ACCOUNTING : AN INTRODUCTION After passing your senior secondary examination, if you set up a small manufacturing unit, say manufacturing of packing boxes, a problem will arise what price of each box you should quote to the buyer. Many factors are considered while fixing the price of a product/item such as competitors’ price etc. One of the basic factors is the cost of its production. Cost is essential not only to fix price but also to ascertain the margin of profit. Knowledge of the cost determination is also necessary to keep a check on the cost of product/control on wastages, etc. The accounting used to study the various aspects of cost is known as cost accounting. In this lesson, you will learn about meaning, importance, limitations etc. of cost accounting. Notes OBJECTIVES After studying this lesson, you will be able to: state the meaning and scope of cost accounting; explain the objectives of cost accounting; differentiate between cost accounting and financial accounting; state importance of cost accounting; explain limitations of cost accounting. 27.1 MEANING AND SCOPE OF COST ACCOUNTING Cost accounting is the process of determining and accumulating the cost of product or activity. It is a process of accounting for the incurrence and the control of cost. It also covers classification, analysis, and interpretation of cost. In other words, it is a system of accounting, which provides...
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...Job Costing Summary The cost accounting system is used to accurately record, measure and report product manufacturing costs. It is critical to for such system to provide up-to-date information for the product cost. There are two types of cost accounting system, the job order cost system and the process cost system. The former system (job order cost) is suitable for production that will varies in characteristics from job to job. Each production might have different raw materials or a different labor time as well as overhead rate, so it is important to record all these differences and correctly assign costs to specific products. The latter, the process cost system, is a system that is best used for production of a large volume of similar products. With job order cost system, the flow of costs such as raw materials, direct labor, and overhead cost will reflect the actual physical flow of materials into finished goods as detailed below: Accumulation of direct material, labor and overhead cost – a manufacturer will debit these account to record all the costs. Assignment of cost to jobs – as the materials and labor has been requested; the company will assign these costs to a specific job (into the work in process account) or into an overhead costs if it is not directly related to a specific job. Then, the company will record the predetermined overhead rate into work in process account (a company might use either direct labor hour, direct labor cost, or machine hour as an activity...
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...Mechanism for determining selling prices. It is a cost management tool. TATA tries to manufacture a car at Rs. 1 ,00,000. – is a typical example for target costing. 42. Stages of target costing 1. Determine the target price which customers will be prepared to pay for the product 2.Deduct a target profit margin fro the target price to determine the target cost 3. Estimate the actual cost of the product 4.If estimated actual cost exceeds the target cost , investigate ways of driving down the actual cost to the target cost 43. Target costing-Continues Customer oriented approach Used by Japanese copanies and recently adopted by Europe and the USA. Recently call canters are trying to adopt this as Indian currency strengthened. 44. Procedures: 1.Market research to find the customer’s perceived value-tear down analysis-examining the competitors’ products-dismantling of the competitor's product.use value engineering 2.How customers differentiate the product from the competitors 3.Target profit margin depends on planned return on investment and fix % of profits on sales 4.Decomposed into a target profit for each product. 5.Deduct the target profit from target price 6.Compare with the predicted actual cost. 7. If predicted cost>target cost then efforts are made to close the gap. 45. What is required? Team approach Team members include: 1.designers 2. engineers 3. Purchasing 4. manufacturing 5. marketing 6. management accounting personnel The discipline of a team approach...
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