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Country Analysis

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Bangladesh counted as a large and greatly densely populated country with figures, which have been estimated by the World Factbook (2014), either beaten or are approaching the 166 million mark depends on which source you want to rely on. Based on BBC New Asia (2014), Bangladesh count as the 94th largest country in the world with a surface area of 143,998 square kilometres (55,598 square miles). World Population Review (2011) added that, Bangladesh density figures shows as for every square kilometre of land in Bangladesh there is an average of 964.42 people which makes the country the 9th largest in the world in terms of density alone.
Moreover, the World Factbook (2014) stated that, Bangladesh is mostly located on deltas of rivers flowing from the Himalayas crossing the country into the Bay of Bengal.

(Source: BBC 2014)

According to the World Factbook (2014), 98% of the population are Bengalis and the lasting 2% are from Bihari’s and other ethnic tribes. Also, it shows that Muslims count as 89.5%, Hindus as 9.6% and other beliefs as 0.9% of the total population of Bangladesh.

2.2 The Political System
Cavusgil et al (2014, p.202), outlined the political system as ‘’A set of formal institutions that constitute a government. It includes legislative bodies, political parties, lobbying groups, and trade unions. The system also defines how these groups interact with each other’’
First of all, the country official name is People’s Republic of Bangladesh. In the case of Bangladesh political system, BBC New Asia (2014) state that Bangladesh has been a parliamentary democracy since a democratic elections in 1991 after it spent 15 years under military rule. Also, its current president, Abdul Hamid, was selected in April 2013, following the death of Zillur Rahman in March. Presidents in Bangladesh are selected by members of parliament.
The Economist Intelligence Unit (2014) strongly believe that, politics in Bangladesh are ruled by the two main political parties, the Awami League which is headed by Sheikh Hasina Wajed, and the Bangladesh Nationalist Party which is ruled by Khaleda Zia. BBC New Asia (2014) shows that, the Awami League won the election in January 2014, which was boycotted by the Bangladesh Nationalist Party. Political analyst says that resentment between Bangladesh Nationalist Party and the Awami League is not based on considerable ideological differences, but it reflects personal hostility between both leaders which led into violence and attacks targeted opposition meetings and public gatherings (BBC New Asia, 2014).
As stated by The Economist Intelligence Unit (2014), the political instability risks has been reduced in recent months as a result of the Awami League won their second period in the office. The Bangladesh Nationalist Party will remain to claim changes to the electoral process, and strikes cannot be run out in nationwide from 2014 to 2018.

2.3 The Legal System (Source: International Business, the New Realities 2014)
According to the Cavusgil et al (2014, p.207), Bangladesh tend to have a mixed legal system as it shown in the table above. The World Factbook (2014), stated that it adopts its element from the English common law and Islamic law. However, Bangladesh has not submitted an International Court of Justice (ICJ) jurisdiction declaration but do accept the International Criminal Court (ICCt) jurisdiction.

3. Bangladesh Macroeconomics:
3.1 Economy status, stability and growth
To begin with, the World Factbook (2014) shows that, in the past decade Bangladesh economy has grown 6% per year regardless of the instability in the political system, poor infrastructure, corruption, the lack on power supplies. Moreover, the World Bank (2014) indicates that poverty declined by nearly a third, since 1992 more than 15 million Bangladeshis have moved out of poverty because the country has sustained an impressive track on growth and development. Never the less, around 47 million people are still under the poverty line. Also, many people who moved out could fall back into poverty if they lose their jobs or are affected by natural disasters (the World Bank, 2014). Although nearly half of Bangladesh are working in the agriculture sector, as the single-most-important product of the country is rice.
Also, the backbone of Bangladesh’s industrial sector garment exportation which count as 80% of the country total exports, exceeded $21 billion last year around 18% of GDP. The sector has remained strong in recent years amongst a series of factory disasters which results in the death of over a thousand workers. These leads to strikes that blackout nearly all activity of Bangladesh economy (the World Factbook, 2014).
Despite the fact that the growth rate of population has declined, the World Bank (2014) argues that, there is a rapid growth in the labour force. If there is an increase in jobs opportunities for the job seekers, it can be turned into a significant demographic surplus in the future years. The major factors of Bangladesh’s current account surplus and record foreign exchange holdings which are stated by the World Factbook (2014), are stable garment exportation growth joined with transfers from overseas Bangladeshis, which computed almost $15 billion dollars, 13% of GDP IN 2013.
As presented by the World Bank (2014), by 2021 Bangladesh aims to be a middle-income nation. This will require to increase the growth of GDP to 7.5% to 8% per year based on enhanced exportation and remittance growth. Both private and public investment will need to increase as well as growth to be further inclusive through making more productive occupation opportunities in the internal economy (World Bank, 2014). Moreover, it stated by Bangladesh Finance Ministry economic report (2012), the growth of economy although decelerated as a result of world trade negative growth at the beginning of the crisis in the global finance in 2008-09. However, this growth bounced back and an average growth stayed above 6% in the following three years. According to Bangladesh Bank (2012, p.34), financial stability report for the year 2012, it showed that GDP in 2010-11 has grew to 6.7% and in 2011-12 is 6.3% as it showed in the table below combined with significant growth in service and industry sectors has contributed the growth of overall GDP.

3.2 The labour Market

Alam (2006) stated that, the labour market count by way of an important macroeconomic market as labour is an extreme element of a country production, stability, growth and development.
According to Yasmin et al (2012), Bangladesh labour forces are divided into different parts such as industry sector, agriculture sector, service sectors, foreign wage earners, etc. However, wage perceptions, child labour existence, workforce insecurity, lack of updated information, absence of technology, and more are Bangladesh labour market problems (Yasmin et al, 2012).
Moreover, since Bangladesh independence in 1971, education has been a primacy sector by all governments. Yasmin et al (2012), shows Bangladesh overall Literacy rate as 44.3%, where female literacy count as 28.8%, and male literacy as 50.4%. Also, it demonstrate that Bangladesh primary education increased progressively as the gross enrolment rate raised by 60% in 1980, 73% in 1990 and 96.5% in 2000. This figures shows that government role in educating the people has been significantly approach as the more educated labour the more developed and produced labours.
Nevertheless, (UNICEF et al, 2008, p.13) shows that, the rate of primary and secondary education withdraw is high which is due to the low quality education as well as the economic conditions of the parents who cannot afford education cost. As a result of that, the attendance in the poor urban locations is 20% lower than in rural locations.
However, Trained and technical labour forces are a main role in all sectors of a country’s economy. Yasmin et al (2012, p.5), displayed the types of centres and institutions in Bangladesh that help to produce trained and technical workers. Technical education can be offered only after the tenth year of school. Also, there are institutions and universities in the country, which offer effective 3 years diploma paths in technology, engineering, agriculture and allied industrial, textile and leather technology and commercial institutes and other specialized institutes. In addition, there are 51 Vocational Training Institutes and 13 Technical Training Centres which is appropriate for abroad employment that train yearly about 7,000 highly skilled technicians on different trades.

According to Index Mundi (2011), the female participation on Bangladesh labour force who aged from 15 to 65 years old in the year 2011 count as 60.10%. The graph below which was displayed by Index Mundi (2011) show the female participation in Bangladesh over the last 21 years. (Source: index mundi 2014)
On the other hand, Index Mundi (2011) showed that, the male participation who aged from 15 to 65 years old on Bangladesh labour force in the year 2011 is higher than the female force, which count as 86.70%. The graph below which was displayed by Index Mundi (2011) show the male participation in Bangladesh over the last 21 years. (Source: index mundi 2014)

Although, in the case of the business language of Bangladesh, Hasan (2006) explained that Bangladesh economy depend on foreign aids and exportation as well as trading which involve continuous communication with foreign companies. As English is Global trading language, it’s used widely in Bangladesh such as education institution as well as in job advertisements for private and public sectors are in English. Also, English is used in Bangladesh law courts such as High Court and Supreme Court. All this activities shows that English count as a second language which is used in most of Bangladesh.

3.3 Capital Market
Boot et al (2006) said that, credit ratings play an economically significant role which helps to hit the desired equilibrium. In general, a credit rating is used by investors to measure the credit value of a country hence having a big influence on the country's borrowing costs. Bangladesh credit rating which is displayed by Trading Economics (2014), stands at BB-. Bangladesh rating shows that it’s economically stable for the short terms, however the country economic condition as well as the financial ones faces continuous uncertainties.

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