...worldwide outsourcing garment industry and social community development in Morocco “Intermón claims that pressures on foreign clothing suppliers are smothering employees. […] In Morocco, where Cortefiel, Inditex (Zara), Mango and Induyco (El Corte Inglés) manufacture their products, a Tangier based textile factory sold a pair of slacks to large Spanish retailers for 3.3 euros three years ago; today, the same item sells for 2 euros. Female factory workers work 12 to 16 hours a day during the high season, because orders from Spain demand six ‐ day delivery terms in order to suit shop window change schedules.” (El País Newspaper, “Mujeres en Aprietos”, 10 ‐ 02 ‐ 2004) towards process outsourcing that responded to its characteristic labor ‐ intensive production and current competitive pressures for cost reduction and flexibility. Sector companies had been forced to redesign their business strategies, focusing on performance measurement, new competence and skill development, product quality improvements and more strategically oriented human resources management. Yet, this new strategic focus entailed unprecedented risks, especially as regards labor practices, environmental care and unfair competition. As multinational companies embarked on this process, multilateral agencies and global NGOs had begun to look into and report on wrongful practices by large corporations, significantly calling the att...
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...to others. As an avid collector and seller of vintage jewelry, researching the items I collect is part of the process and often provides education regarding various periods in history. When researching a specific item of jewelry; the style, when it was made, and of what material, it also gives me impressions about the life of the person who wore the item being researched. Over several years, I’ve learned that jewelry has played an important economic, societal and emotional role in human lives throughout history. Jewelry is a wearable art form that can communicate emotion and information to others, even after the wearer is gone. A news article written by Kate Ravilious for National Geographic News online entitled Oldest Jewelry Found in Morocco Cave, described a cache of 82,000 year-old shells found by a team of archaeologists. The shells or “beads” were decorated with a dye from red clay and Quick 2 pierced so they could be strung. To date, these beads are the oldest form of jewelry ever discovered. The article also mentioned “signs of wear” on the beads indicating they had been worn for others “to see.” What those ancient beads actually meant to the wearer and what they conveyed to other tribe...
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...MARKETING ASSIGNMENT REPORT WRITING ON LUSH COSMETICS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: This report is on LUSH cosmetics – a sustainable brand in cosmetic industry. This report will describe about marketing history, company ethics and current market position of LUSH. This report also deals how LUSH is making their products with sustainability and what marketing strategy they are following. We will discuss about marketing mix of LUSH, How they are doing ethical business and their position in competitive market. We will also do SWOT analysis and LUSH position mapping with other brands. This report also concentrates how LUSH can improve its marketing strategy. Keywords: Organic, Cosmetic, Sustainability, Product Portfolio, Marketing mix, Customer, Social Media, Competitive. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION: ..…………………………………………………………………………...5 1.1 MARKETING BACKGROUND OF LUSH: ………………………………………………...6 1.2 COMPANY PROFILE: ……………………………………….……………………………...7 2 LUSH AND SUSTAINABILITY:……………………….……………………………………8 2.1 LUSH AND GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN: ……………………………………………………8 2.2 LUSH AND SOCIAL INFLUENCE: ……………………………………………………….9 3 LUSH PRODUCT ANALYSIS: ……………………………………………………………..10 3.1 LUSH PRODUCTS: ……………………………………………………………………….10 3.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO: ………………………………………………………………….11 3.3 LUSH SERVICES: ……………………………………………………………………….…11 3.4 LUSH AND THEIR SUPPLIER: ………………………………………………………..…11 3.5 LUSH AND THEIR CUSTOMERS: …………………………………………….…………12 4 MARKETING STRATEGY OF LUSH: …………………………………………………...
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...Independent Report on Clinical Laboratory Testing Services Market for an Initial Public Offering (IPO) in Egypt A Frost & Sullivan Report 2014 1|P age Disclaimer © November 2014 Frost & Sullivan The market research process for this study has been undertaken through detailed primary and secondary research, which involves discussing the status of the industry with leading industry participants and experts, and compiling inputs from publicly available sources, including official publications and research reports. The Expert Opinion Consensus Methodology has been used for the report. Quantitative market information is based primarily on such interviews and desk-based secondary research; therefore, making it subject to fluctuation. Frost & Sullivan has taken all reasonable care to insure that the information contained in this report is, to the best of its knowledge, in accordance with the facts and contains no omission likely to affect its import. In making any decision regarding the transaction, the recipient should conduct its own investigation and analysis of all facts and information contained in the prospectus of which this report is a part and the recipient must rely on its own examination and the terms of the transaction, as and when discussed. The recipient should not construe any of the contents in this report as advice relating to business, financial, legal, taxation or investment matters and are advised to consult their own business, financial, legal, taxation...
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...FINAL REPORT Impact of Trade and Economic Policy Reforms on Key Sectors of the Egyptian Economy PREPARED BY ATR Project SUBMITTED TO USAID/Cairo Ministry of Foreign Trade SUBMITTED BY Nathan Associates UNDER CONTRACT NO. PCE-I-00-98-00016-00 Task Order 827 2 April 2004 Contents Executive Summary Egypt’s Economy in Relation to the Global Marketplace Trade Policy and the International Trade Regime Impact of Trade Regime Changes on Subsectors Conclusions Next Steps 1. Introduction 2. Egypt’s Economy and Its Place in the Global Arena Egyptian Economy Today Structure of the Economy Labor force, Employment and Unemployment Macroeconomy and Balance of Payments Trade Patterns Macroeconomic and Trade Policy Reform Current Challenges Distinguishing Characteristics of Egypt’s Economy Water Resources and Growing Population Pressure Oil and Natural Gas Geographical Location Egyptian Culture Higher Education Socialism and Its Aftermath Egypt’s Comparative Advantage in the Global Economy Changing Global Economy Egypt’s Economy in Relation to Three Waves of Globalization Revealed Competitive Advantage Analysis v vi viii xi xiv xvi 1 5 5 5 7 8 10 12 13 14 14 16 16 16 17 18 19 19 22 25 II 3. Trade Policy and the International Trade Regime Current Trade Regime in Egypt Tariff Structure Non-tariff Barriers to Trade Multilateral, Regional, and Bilateral Agreements Multilateral Agreements Regional Agreements Bilateral Agreements Trade Regimes of Major Trading...
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...INSTRUCTIONS................................................................................................. xiii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................................................xv COUNTRY CITATION GUIDES ARGENTINA...............................................................................................................................................................1 I. COUNTRY PROFILE ..................................................................................................................................1 II. CITATION GUIDE.......................................................................................................................................2 1.0 CONSTITUTION...................................................................................................................................2 2.0 LEGISLATION......................................................................................................................................2 3.0 JURISPRUDENCE ................................................................................................................................3 4.0 BOOKS ..................................................................................................................................................4 5.0 ARTICLES IN PERIODICALS..................................................................................................
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...of recent foreign investment in Egypt. In the case of the Egyptian Company for Mobile Services (MobiNil), an international consortium takes over a state-run mobile phone service, and modernises its operations in a rapidly growing and transforming market. The local partner subsequently becomes a regional player in Africa and the Middle East. Glaxo Smith Kline, a leading pharmaceutical firm, expands in Egypt through multiple acquisitions, while the parent firm itself is subject to M&A at a global level. The leading-brand ketchup manufacturer Heinz has established a production facility for the Middle East jointly with a Kuwaiti multinational specialising in being the local partner for foreign fast-food chains throughout the Arab countries. THE EGYPTIAN COMPANY FOR MOBILE SERVICES (MOBINIL) Introduction Mobile telephony is capturing an increasing share of global telecommunications services, accounting for 23 per cent of global telecommunications revenues (up from 3 per cent in 1990). Mobile telephony is one of the high growth market segments of the Egyptian telecommunications sector, having outpaced the growth of fixed-line telephony, which currently stands at 7.5 million lines, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of approximately 14.6 per cent during the period 1995/2000, compared with the staggering CAGR of 169 per cent for mobile telephony during the period 1997/2002 (American Chamber of Commerce in Egypt 2001, p. 14). Since the opening up of...
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...prohibit child labour.[4][5] These laws do not consider all work by children as child labour; exceptions include work by child artists, supervised training, certain categories of work such as those by Amish children, and others.[6][7] Child labour was employed to varying extents through most of history. Before 1940, numerous children aged 5–14 worked in Europe, the United States and various colonies of European powers. These children worked in agriculture, home-based assembly operations, factories, mining and in services such as newsies. Some worked night shifts lasting 12 hours. With the rise of household income, availability of schools and passage of child labour laws, the incidence rates of child labour fell.[8][9][10] In developing countries, with high poverty and poor schooling opportunities, child labour is still prevalent. In 2010, sub-saharan Africa had the highest incidence rates of child labour, with several African nations witnessing over 50 percent of children aged 5–14 working.[11] Worldwide agriculture is the largest employer...
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...environment 35 Small economies 37 Trade, debt and finance 38 Trade and technology transfer 39 Technical cooperation 40 Least-developed countries 42 Special and differential treatment 45 Implementation issues 47 Electronic Commerce 50 Members and accessions 51 Bananas 55 Statistics 57 Jargon buster - Country groupings 73 Jargon buster – An informal guide to 'WTOspeak' 75 Issued 5 December 2005 NOTE These briefing notes describe the situation as it exists at the time of going to press (mid- November 2005) They are designed to help journalists and the public understand the key issues of the Hong Kong Ministerial Conference. While every effort has been made to ensure the contents are accurate, they are not legal interpretations of the WTO agreements, nor do they prejudice member governments’ positions in the conference and in the negotiations. In addition, some simplifications are used in order to keep the text simple and clear. In particular, the words “country” and “nation” are frequently used to describe WTO members, whereas a few members are officially “customs territories”, and not necessarily countries (see list of members). The same applies when participants in trade negotiations are called “countries” or “nations”. Where there is little risk of misunderstanding, the word “member” is dropped from “member countries (nations, governments)”, for example in the descriptions of the WTO agreements....
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...Oil Economies and Globalization: The Case of the GCC Countries Yousif Khalifa Al-Yousif Email: subhanah@emirates.net.ae Key Words: Oil, GCC Countries, Gulf JEL codes: G18, Q32, O47 Introduction Over the past 50 years, world trade has increased at a faster rate than world output. Between 1948 and 1999, merchandise exports grew by 6% in real terms, compared to an annual average output growth of 3.7% (World Trade Organization, 1998: 33-36). This means that today, the countries depend more on trade than they had following World War II. In other words, the world economy is becoming more integrated and more globalized. So, what forces have been driving this phenomenon? Is globalization a positive force in the economic development of the third world countries? Does globalizations have any downsides and if so, how can the world community deal with the downsides? What are the challenges and opportunities with which globalization presents the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) economies? How can these countries harness the winds of globalization in ways that help them realize their development goals? The answers to these questions will provide a better understanding of globalization and its economic implications for the GCC economics and the rest of the world. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. First, there is a brief discussion of the major forces behind the increasing globalization of the world economy in recent decades as well as the alternative views of the implications...
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...2013 SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS ANNUAL REPORT 2013 Financial Summary Samsung Electronics and Consolidated Subsidiaries 228,693 Income Statements Sales Operating Profit 2011 165,002 15,644 13,759 2012 201,104 29,049 23,845 2013 228,693 36,785 30,475 201,104 36,785 Net Income 29,049 165,002 15,644 Balance Sheets Assets Liabilities Shareholders’ Equity 2011 155,800 54,487 101,314 2012 181,072 59,591 121,480 2013 214,075 64,059 150,016 2011 2012 2013 Cash Flows Cash Flows from Operating Activities Cash Flows from Investing Activities Cash Flows from Financing Activities 2011 22,918 (21,113) 3,110 2012 37,973 (31,322) (1,865) 2013 46,707 (44,747) (4,137) (in billions of KRW) Sales and Operating Profit (in billions of KRW) Sales Operating Profit Challenge, Creativity, Collaboration By welcoming challenges of the new, creativity that pushes the possible and close and efficient collaboration, Samsung Electronics leads the astonishing evolution of technology, producing positive change for the world. 2011 22,918 This annual report includes forward-looking statements that relate to future events and can be generally identified by phrases containing words such as “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “foresees,” “forecasts,” “estimates” or other words or phrases of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and may involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties...
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... Contents Executive summary 5 1. Introduction 8 2. Value chain analysis 9 2.1. The general value chain concept 9 2.2. The value chain concept applied to fisheries and aquaculture 11 2.3. Conclusions about using the value chain analysis 14 3. The international seafood industry and Africa’s place in it 16 3.1. African seafood exports and imports 18 3.2. Main destinations 20 3.3. Imports 21 3.4. Value addition in Africa 21 4. Studies where value chain analysis has been used 22 4.1. Revenue distribution through the seafood value chain 23 4.2. Lake Victoria Nile perch fishery, Tanzania 25 4.3. Pelagic fishery in Morocco 32 4.4. Value addition opportunities in the Namibian seafood industry 38 4.5. Ugandan Nile perch quality management and certification 41 4.6. The Kenya capture fisheries value chain 45 4.7. Nigerian domestic catfish production 50 4.8. Gender analysis of aquaculture value chain in Nigeria and Vietnam 54 4.9. Private sector applications of value chain analysis 60 5. On-going value chain analysis studies 68 5.1. Value chain analysis of international fish trade and food security 68 5.2. Ghana: Value Chain and Cost Earnings Analysis 69 6. Example from Asia: Analysis of the fishery sector in Sri Lanka 70 6.1. Value chain summary 71 6.2. Production 71 6.3. Ownership and collective action 72 6.4. Fisheries value chain structure...
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...MEDITERRANEAN Pollution prevention opportunities in the Tanning sector industry CLEANER within the mediterranean region production Regional Activity Centre for Cleaner Production (RAC/CP) Mediterranean Action Plan Ministry of the Environment Spain Autonomous Government of Catalonia Ministry of the Environment Centre for Cleaner Production Initiatives Pollution Prevention Opportunities in the Tanning Sector Industry within the Mediterranean Region Note: This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form of educational and non-profit purposes without special permission from the Regional Activity Centre for Cleaner Production (RAC/CP), provided acknowledgement of the source is made. RAC/CP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this material as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purposes whatsoever without prior permission in writing from RAC/CP. If you consider that some part of this study could be improved or there is any lack of precision, we would appreciate if you could notify it to us. Study finished on January 2000 Study published on October 2000 Additional copies or information could be requested to: Regional Activity Centre for Cleaner Production (RAC/CP) C/ París, 184 – 3ª planta 08036 Barcelona (Spain) Tf. (+34) 93 415 11 12 - Fax (+34) 93 237 02 86 e-mail: cleanpro@cema-sa.org Web page: http://www.cema-sa.org Page 1 of 162 Pollution...
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...The Promise and Perils of Globalization: The Case of Nike1 Richard M. Locke Alvin J. Siteman Professor of Entrepreneurship and Political Science MIT 1 This case was prepared for the Sloan School of Management’s 50th Anniversary celebration and should be read in conjunction with “A Note on Corporate Citizenship.” This case was prepared with the active involvement and research assistance of the following Sloan MBA students: Vanessa Chammah, Brian Curtis, Elizabeth Fosnight, Archana Kalegaonkar, and Adnan Qadir. I would also like to thank Miguel Alexander, Maria Eitel, Dusty Kidd, Joseph Tomasselli and Dara O’Rourke for their helpful comments and assistance during this project. 1 1. Introduction How should global corporations behave in the new international world order? What constitutes good corporate citizenship in a world where the stakeholders are diverse and dispersed around the globe and where no clear or consensual rules and standards exist? These questions shape the behavior of most multinational corporations (MNCs) today. Although multinationals are eager to pursue the opportunities of increased global integration, they are increasingly aware of the reactions which their strategies induce – both at home and abroad. Thus, they tread warily, lacking clear and agreed-upon definitions of good corporate citizenship. Through a case study of Nike, Inc. – a company that has come to symbolize both the benefits and the risks inherent in globalization – this paper examines the...
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...DIC Annual Report 2013 Year ended March 31, 2013 D IC Corporation, one of the world’s leading diversified chemicals companies, is also the core of the DIC Group, a multinational organization with a network comprising more than 180 companies in 62 countries and territories worldwide. Established in 1908 as a manufacturer of printing inks, DIC has capitalized on its extensive technologies, know-how and experience in the years since to transform itself into a global powerhouse in key fields of endeavor. Today, DIC and the companies of the DIC Group supply an extensive lineup of products in four business segments: Printing Inks & Supplies, Neo-Graphic Arts Materials, Synthetic Resins and Chemical Solution Materials. Now in its second century in business, DIC is redoubling its efforts to develop and market innovative, highperformance products that respond to market needs, in line with its “Color and Comfort by Chemistry” management vision. As a responsible corporate citizen, DIC is also working to contribute to environmental and social sustainability. Color and Comfort by Chemistry The DIC WAY Through unceasing innovation, the DIC Group strives to create new value directed at sustainable development for its customers, society and the environment. • We shall hone our sensitivity to changes in society and be aware of our mission to always be ahead of the times. • We pledge to incorporate the concepts of social and environmental sustainability into our corporate activities...
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