...Court History and Purpose Leonard Navarro CJA/224 March 11, 2013 Greg Dorfman Court History and Purpose The American court system has become a strong organized machine. There are two types of court systems in the United States of America. The two court systems are the state courts and the federal courts. These two systems are known as the dual-court systems. The dual-court system is the result of an agreement that was made between our nation’s founders about the need for individual states to keep significant legislative authority separate from federal control. “One of the most important, most interesting, and, possibly, most confusing features of the judiciary in the United States is the dual court system; that is, each level of government (state and national) has its own set of courts”. (IIP Digital, 2013) Prior to the adoption of the Constitution, the United States was governed by the Articles of Confederation. The dual-court system divided the court systems into two separate divisions. The two systems are the state court system and the federal court system. Under this new idea of two separate systems, this developed a loose federation of semi-independent provinces. This meant that new states that wanted to join the union were assured of limited federal intervention in local affairs. This allowed state legislature to create laws. This required the state court systems to hear cases that laws were violated in to be heard. The structure of the court systems...
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...Court History and Purpose Paper Nerissa N. Lee CJA/224 Nov. 29, 2012 Ashley Kintzer Court History and Purpose Paper The Court is where disputes are settled, law is born, and where individuals accused of criminal crimes go. Courts are simply the civilized way to handle issue in a legal, organized civilized manner. It is a critical component of American justice system. Courts is defined by the book as, “An agency or unit of the judicial branch of government, authorized or established by statute or constitution, and consisting of one or more judicial officers, which has authority to decide upon cases, controversies in law, and disputed matters of fact brought before it.” (Siegel, Schmalleger, & Worral, 2011). The purpose or the function of the courts can be narrowed down to four important things: 1. Courts are to uphold the law; 2. Protect individuals; 3.Resolve disputes; 4. reinforcing the social norms. However in the United States we have what is referred to as a dual court system. A dual court system can be defined as a judicial system comprising federal- and state- level judicial systems. A dual court system separates federal and state courts. According to the book a dual court system is advantageous and desirable because it is parallel to federalism. Federalism is a system of government where power is constitutionally divided between central governing body and various constituent units. In the United States, the federal government makes laws, but federalism also...
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...Court History and Purpose Paper University of Phoenix CJA/224 Court History and Purpose Paper The criminal justice system is the set of agencies and processes that are established by governments to control delinquency and crimes with an objective to impose penalties to those who violate the laws. There are no single criminal justice systems in the United States but instead there are many similar individual systems. A court is an institution set up by the government to control crime, settling disputes through a legal process. The court system decides what the type of punishment should be to those who have committed crimes. By doing so, this helps society in diminishing crime rate. The system also provides a reasonable way to decide private disputes that individuals may not be able to resolve themselves. Adversary process is used by courts to help reach a decision. This process includes both sides to professionally state arguments to the judge or jury that will determine each case and find a solution. The dual court system is two separated court systems that include a state court system and a federal court system. Federal courts are established in the country under the United States Constitution by Congress to decide disputes that involve the Constitution and laws that are passed by Congress. Federal courts only hear the following: cases which involve the United States party, cases involving violations of federal laws, cases between citizens of different states exceeding...
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...Court History and Purpose Paper A court in general is defined as an organization or unit of the legal extension of government, approved or made by statute or constitution, and comprising of one or more legal officers, which has the power to choose cases, discussions in law, and question matters of certainty brought before it. There are three different components which include the following: To be viewed as a court, it must have legitimate lawful power, as spelled out in the constitutions or statutes, Courts are by and large found in the legal rather than authoritative and official extensions of government, and Courts are enabled to settle on choices that are tying. The thought of "[deciding] upon cases, debates in law, and questioned matters of truth" is known as arbitration, or "the procedure by which a court touches base at a choice with respect to a case. The functions of the courts are upholding the law, protecting individuals, resolving disputes, and reinforcing social norms. There are many different courts on both the State and Federal level, but the one that will be discussed is the United States District Court (Frank Schmalleger, January 2010). The United States District Courts are the trial courts of the government court framework. Inside cutoff points set by Congress and the Constitution, the area courts have locale to hear almost all classes of government cases, including both common and criminal matters. There are 94 government legal areas, including no less...
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...You often hear the term ‘cybercrime’ bandied about these days, as it's a bigger risk now than ever before due to the sheer number of connected people and devices. But what is it exactly? In a nutshell, it is simply a crime that has some kind of computer or cyber aspect to steal from people without them knowing it right away. Because of the U.S. position as the world's lone superpower, cyber-attacks from all points of the globe are so commonplace that they're hardly newsworthy anymore. Some nations have seen an increase of up to 1250% in their crime rate due to cybercrime. Recommendations that would you make to combat cybercrime and crimes associated with cybercrime and hackers. Make sure you have adequate anti-virus software for your computer, such as McAfee, Norton Anti-Virus, Stopzilla or other similar programs. You also need to make sure you regularly update your anti-virus software and that you do a once-a-week scan to locate and eliminate any malware, spyware, viruses and other problems. If you don't want to purchase security software, then there are programs, such as AVG, that offer free versions. So it’s up to you to protect yourself from the cyber-attacks, and hackers. Because the government is not going to help you when your identity is stolen, it’s up to you to prove your innocence. I know because it has happen to me, and I had to prove that the money token was not me. And I have never been to California, where the credit card charges were made. -------------------------------------------- ...
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... |The Court System | Copyright © 2011, 2009, 2007 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course is an introduction and overview of the legal system, the participants, the courtroom process, and post-conviction process of the court system. It demonstrates the connections among participants and how they relate to each other. Additionally, the course covers the history of the court system and the different types of court at the state and federal levels. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Meyer, J. F., & Grant, D. R. (2003). The courts in our criminal justice system. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. All electronic materials are available on the student website. |Week One: History of the Courts...
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...Microsoft®, Windows®, and Windows NT® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other company and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Use of these marks is not intended to imply endorsement, sponsorship, or affiliation. Edited in accordance with University of Phoenix® editorial standards and practices. ------------------------------------------------- Course Description This course is an introductory overview of the organization and jurisdictions of local, state, and federal law enforcement, judicial and corrections agencies, and processes involved in the criminal justice systems. It examines the historical aspects of the police, the courts, and the correctional system, as well as the philosophy. Additionally, career opportunities and qualifying requirements, terminology, and constitutional limitations of the system will also be covered. ------------------------------------------------- Course Topics and Objectives Week One: The Criminal Justice System 1 * Define crime and its relationship to law. * Describe the two most common models of how society determines which acts are criminal. * Identify choice theories of crime and their underlying assumptions. * Identify instruments for measuring crime. Week Two: The Criminal Justice System * Describe...
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... |College of Criminal Justice and Security | | |CJA/204 Version 2 | | |Introduction to Criminal Justice | Copyright © 2009 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course is an introductory overview of the organization and jurisdictions of local, state, and federal law enforcement, judicial and corrections agencies, and processes involved in the criminal justice systems. It examines the historical aspects of the police, the courts, and the correctional system, as well as the philosophy. Additionally, career opportunities and qualifying requirements, terminology and constitutional limitations of the system will also be covered. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently...
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...Court System Introduction The purpose of this paper is to make the reader aware about the significance of the history of judicial system prevailing within the premises of United States. This paper intends to explore the Court System of United States. The major historical developments in the courts of United States will be discussed. Moreover, the rationale of the dual court system of the United States will be outlined. This paper will also explore the correlation between the historical developments and the dual court system of the United States. Discussion The development of the state courts within United States can be traced back from the colonial period. Every state in United States organizes its court system independently. Every state has been provided with the right to choose its own organizational structures and the possible jurisdictions of their respective courts. Various types of courts have been developed throughout the history of United States. The federal level states have trial courts normally called district courts and circuit courts which are the appellate tribunals. In New York most of the trial courts are considered supreme courts (Columbia Encyclopedia, 2007). The development of court system started in the colonial period. Local judges were called magistrates on the lowest level of their colonial judiciary. By the early eighteenth century, the development of formal courts started. After the American Revolution in 1775, distrust towards the judiciary...
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...Court History and Purpose CJA/224 July 28, 2012 Court History and Purpose This paper will cover topics such as; what a court is and what the purpose of the court is. This paper will define the dual court system. In addition this paper will describe the role that early legal codes, the common law and the precedent played in the development of courts. And lastly this paper will identify the role of the courts in the criminal justice system today. The courts are a part of the judicial branch in the three branches of government. This means that in this branch the laws are interpreted. Like the other two branches, it works to keep the criminal justice system running as smoothly as possible. The laws are make in the legislative branch and is enforced in the executive branch. The police are a part of the executive branch. So when some one breaks a law, the job of the police, executive branch, is to arrest or ticked said offender. After an arrest or a citation or ticket is made, the next step is the court proceedings. In a case that an arrest is made, the offender is brought in front of a judge and bail is set. After that, if need be, the case is brought to prosecution. If the prosecution takes that case, then the case is put on trial. This is important because it shows just what the judicial part of government and the court part of the criminal justice system does, and why it is important. So the court systems job is to interpret the law and bring justice...
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...Possible Term Paper Topics and Instructions You will research, prepare, and write a 10-15 page term paper for this class. You have two choices as to how you can approach this paper: Track A and Track B. Regardless of which “track” you choose, the same general guidelines and expectations apply to all papers. The topics listed below do not define the entire universe of subjects available to you. If you have another idea for a paper topic, check it out with me. Once you select a topic, and I would suggest that this be done promptly, stop by my office to discuss your research endeavor. Track A: Issue-centered paper. Those choosing this track will research and write a paper on a specific issue of constitutional law. The paper will focus on the Court’s treatment of an issue and competing perspectives on it (both on and off the Court), and provide an evaluation and critique of those perspectives. It will culminate in a defense of its own thesis. Possible topics include: • The history, functions, and uses of one of the various “technical barriers” • Scope and limits of the presidential power to pardon • Federalism as a value in the Warren and post-Warren Supreme Court • Federalism as a constitutional concept in the Rehnquist Court • How far did the Rehnquist Revolution in federalism go? • The constitutional status of the War Powers Act (1973) • The concept of Executive Privilege • Are there limits to the...
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...Court History and Purpose Paper Damon G Walton CJA/224 7-01-2013 Nolson Philippe Court History and Purpose Paper Court History and Purpose Paper The U.S. court system is an integral to our justice system which provides a legal framework to mete out justice. Courts is defined by the book as, “An agency or unit of the judicial branch of government, authorized or established by statute or constitution, and consisting of one or more judicial officers, which has authority to decide upon cases, controversies in law, and disputed matters of fact brought before it.” (Siegel, Schmalleger, & Worral, 2011). The purpose or the function of the courts can be narrowed down to four important things: 1. Courts are to uphold the law; 2. Protect individuals; 3.Resolve disputes; 4. reinforcing the social norms. Even though our court system is similar to the British system some of its aspects were borrowed from it is unique in the fact that it enshrines a basic tenet of being innocent until proven guilty. It allows for a person to have their “day in court’ and to face their accuser. However in the United States we have what is referred to as a dual court system. A dual court system can be defined as a judicial system comprising federal- and state- level judicial systems. A dual court system separates federal and state courts. According to the book a dual court system is advantageous and desirable because it is parallel to federalism. Federalism is a system of government where power is constitutionally...
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...Enquirer, by William Griffin. The paper started as a tabloid in New York where it was distributed every Sunday. In 1952, the paper’s circulation fell and was purchased by Generoso Pope Jr., who later moved the paper headquarters to Florida. Pope changed the name of the paper to The National Enquirer in 1957, and also broadened the paper’s appeal to include stories of scandal. After Pope’s death in 1988, the surviving owners sold the paper for a reported $412 million. In 1977, Shirley Jones married a comedian by the name of Marty Ingels, the couple resided in the State of California. After several years of troubled marriage, the couple reconciled and remained married. They sued The National Enquirer over a false headline that read “Husband’s bizarre behavior driving Shirley Jones to drink” in an October 9, 1979 issue. After a long eight years of debate that ended up in the U.S. Supreme Court, they received an apology and settlement from the paper. The National Enquirer argued during trial that they were not responsible for the circulation of the article in California. They further argued that neither a reporter nor an editor have direct economic stake in sales of a distant state. The California Court of Appeal affirmed the decision that the petitioners had intentional conduct in Florida to cause injury to the plaintiff in California. The paper named The National Enquirer is not a reliable source of information. Ethically, the paper should never have attempted to...
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...In 1970, two male student activists were denied a marriage license in the state of Minnesota. As a result, they “sued in the state court, claiming that to deny the marriage license would violate their Constitutional rights.” Thus began the long judicial history of same-sex marriage , as well as the conversation about the interpretation of Constitutional rights that runs parallel with it. This history has most recently culminated in the Obergefell v Hodges case, in which the Supreme Court legalized same-sex marriage across the entire nation. This paper begins with a brief glimpse at the history of the topic of same-sex marriage in the United States. The paper will then focus on the case of Obergefell v Hodges, and will specifically analyze the contentious role of the interpretation of the Constitution involved in the final decision. Cleary the Supreme Court, an extremely high authority in the United States, found that that the nationalizing of same-sex marriage was constitutional. However there were dissenting opinions that opposed the decision on the grounds that the Constitution specified that such rights were up to the state legislature. Lastly,...
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...|Juvenile Justice Systems and Processes | Copyright © 2011, 2010, 2009 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course is a general orientation to the field of juvenile justice, including causation theories and the development of system responses to delinquent behavior. The problems facing juveniles today are addressed, and adult and juvenile justice systems are compared, including initial apprehension, referral, and preventive techniques. Specific issues examined include chemical dependency, mental illness, and compulsive and habitual offenders. Special attention is given to the problems inherent in the police handling of juveniles and the function of juvenile courts. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current...
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