...9-798-062 REV: FEBRUARY 25, 2006 PANKAJ GHEMAWAT JAN W. RIVKIN Creating Competitive Advantage Some companies generate far greater profits than others. The pharmaceutical maker ScheringPlough produced an economic profit of more than $10 billion during the period 1984-2002. That is, the accounting profit it generated exceeded its cost of equity capital by that amount. Over the same period, U.S. Steel produced an economic loss of nearly $500 million; its cost of capital exceeded its accounting profit by a wide margin. Such large differences in economic performance are commonplace. Understanding their roots is crucial for strategists. Differences in industry structure shed some light on such differences in performance. To a certain extent, Schering-Plough has generated more economic profit than U.S. Steel because the pharmaceutical industry is structurally more attractive than the steel industry. Rivalry in the pharmaceutical market is muted by factors such as patent protection, product differentiation, and expanding demand; in contrast, rivalry in the steel industry is fierce—fueled by excess capacity, limited differences across products, and slow growth. Many pharmaceutical users hesitate to switch among products or brands, while steel customers are usually willing to switch among producers to get a better price. Many pharmaceuticals are made from commodities with little labor input, while unions exercise such power in the steel industry that labor costs often account for...
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...Online Ticketing Systems of Airlines Operators in Nigeria: History, Challenges and Prospects. March 2016. Name: Byron, Queen Omasirichi. Matric No: PG. 2015/00819 Option: Human Resources Management (M.Sc) Department: Management Faculty: Management Sciences Course Code: MGT 851 Course Title: Management Information Systems Lecturer: Dr. Justin .O. Gabriel ABSTRACT Unit: Port Harcourt Date September 2016 Author Pooja Gautam Degree Program Information Technology Name of thesis ONLINE AIRLINE TICKETING SYSTEM Instructor Kauko Kolehmainen Pages 44 Supervisor Kauko Kolehmainen The aim of this thesis was to explain the system of online ticketing used by airlines by explaining the mechanism and presenting a sample application. The thesis describes the evolution and working of airline reservation system. Various aspects related to online flight booking are explained in the thesis. The main focus of the thesis was developing a working application. A basic application similar to the models used by airlines companies today was developed with the use of various software and programs. Research in sources such as e-books, web articles, documentations and tutorial was completed for the development. The thesis describes how the online ticket booking works with the help of different diagrams...
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...container port has been built with an average of 14 hectares of land per 400 metres berth, which is about 45% below the international standard of 25 hectares for optimal performance. This has resulted in yard congestion especially during peak time, and in turn impacted the truck turnaround times. On the quay side, the transshipment throughput volume via barge operations has been increased nearly 30% in the past 10 years. The increase in barge volume has caused considerable barge waiting time and may disrupt connections with on-forwarding vessels. There is an urgent need for government support to increase the terminal back up land and also increase barge berths in the port area. Focusing on such challenges, the Association has submitted a White Paper to the Government proposing a land allocation policy for rationalization of terminal adjacent land and barge berths so as to facilitate improvement of productivity and efficiency on both land side and quay side The Association believes that the ability to provide efficient and reliable services will enable Hong Kong to enhance the Port´s competitiveness, which will benefit all service providers and stakeholders within the port and logistics...
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...was when he was learning how to use the heavy equipment. He was able to remember better when he was shown how to run it than reading the manual. The other example that he used was when he had to repair the heavy equipment that he was driving. He said it was easier to remember to read the repair manual than being shown because it gave the proper specs on how to fix it correctly so it won’t break down on him later on. When I asked him how does he prefer to study. He responded a little of both but prefers a little more at home than a library. He has a home office which is pretty quiet. He does like loud music from time to time when studying or reading something. The only time when he goes to the library is when he is doing some kind of research and takes his wife there to get her...
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...1. INTRODUCTION River ports provide many services which can include unloading of goods from the vessels, storing the goods at the appropriate space such as open or closed warehouses, and loading of goods to the other means of transport such as trucks or railway. River ports can also provide measuring services and mooring services for vessels. In order to fulfill all the planned activities, ports must be provided with adequate equipment. Maintenance of equipment presents very important activity in the process of providing transloading services in river ports. Most of transloading equipment present cranes, forklifts, wheel loaders etc. Also, in order to successfully manage all port operations, it is important to manage all the created information...
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...ERASMUS MUNDUS MSC PROGRAMME COASTAL AND MARINE ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT COMEM MEGA CONTAINER SHIPS: IMPLICATIONS TO PORT OF SINGAPORE City University London 25 June 2012 Liyenita Widjaja 110047669 (City University) 4128761 (TU Delft) The Erasmus Mundus MSc Coastal and Marine Engineering and Management is an integrated programme organized by five European partner institutions, coordinated by Delft University of Technology (TU Delft). The joint study programme of 120 ECTS credits (two years full-time) has been obtained at three of the five CoMEM partner institutions: • • • • • Norges Teknisk- Naturvitenskapelige Universitet (NTNU) Trondheim, Norway Technische Universiteit (TU) Delft, The Netherlands City University London, Great Britain Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain University of Southampton, Southampton, Great Britain The first year consists of the first and second semesters of 30 ECTS each, spent at NTNU, Trondheim and Delft University of Technology respectively. The second year allows for specialization in three subjects and during the third semester courses are taken with a focus on advanced topics in the selected area of specialization: • Engineering • Management • Environment In the fourth and final semester an MSc project and thesis have to be completed. The two year CoMEM programme leads to three officially recognized MSc diploma certificates. These will be issued by the three universities which...
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...Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Transportation Research Procedia 5 (2015) 186 – 200 SIDT Scientific Seminar 2013 Measuring transport systems efficiency under uncertainty by fuzzy sets theory based Data Envelopment Analysis: theoretical and practical comparison with traditional DEA model Sara Braya, Leonardo Caggiania and Michele Ottomanellia* a DICATECh – Politecnico di Bari, via E. Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy Abstract In transportation management the measure of systems efficiency is a key issue in order to verify the performances and propose the best countermeasure to achieve the prefixed goals. Many efforts have been made in this field to provide satisfactory answer to this problem. One of the most used methodologies is the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) that has been in many fields. The DEA technique is a useful is non-parametric method that allow to handle many output and input at the same time. In many real world applications, input and output data cannot be precisely measured. Imprecision (or approximation) and vagueness may be originated from indirect measurements, model estimation, subjective interpretation, and expert judgment or available information from different sources. Therefore, methodologies that allow the analyst to explicitly deal with imprecise or approximate data are of great interest, especially in freight transport where available data as well as stakeholders’ behavior often suffer from vagueness or...
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...Edition: 1.1 February 2002 Distance Education Course ML–302.5 Marine Terminal Operations Unit 1 Marine Terminals The three lessons in this unit will cover the topics of: • the role and function of marine terminals • terminal development • operational planning • civil engineering aspects of terminal design. Module B: Certificate in Maritime Logistics Diploma in Shipping Logistics—Jamaica Maritime Institute 1−1 Unit 1: Marine terminals Marine Terminal Operations Unit 1 ...........Activities and expectations Agenda To complete this unit, you will: • Read and study the text in this unit and any assigned passages in the Student Reader. • Apply the information by performing the Activities • Test yourself by doing the Practice Exercises and checking your answers. Resources There is no textbook for this course. All the information you require is in this Study Guide. In addition, your Student Manual lists some books that you may wish to read to expand your knowledge. Learning outcomes When you have completed this unit you will be able to: • • Explain some of the considerations in equipment selection. • Discuss the needs for storage areas. • Discuss safety and emergency response considerations. • 1−2 Describe the role and functions of marine terminals. List the broad categories of studies that are needed in planning a new terminal. Module B: Certificate in Maritime Logistics (Course...
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...Transport Studies Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering University College London 2010 1 Declaration I, Qianwen Liu, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Candidate’s signature ………………………………….. Qianwen Liu 2 Abstract In the past two decades the steady growth of seaborne trade has resulted in the increase of container ships, container ports and their terminals. The structure of the shipping market is, moreover, continuously evolving. On the carrier side, shipping companies form consortia and alliances; on the port side, global terminal operators and dedicated container terminals are emerging. The aim of this research is to evaluate the efficiency of container ports and terminals and to study how to improve the scale efficiency of any particular port/terminal. In particular we study how certain factors influence the efficiency of container ports and terminals. Regional container ports and global container terminals are examined based on the econometrics benchmarking method Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). Two datasets are used, a panel dataset for 32 container ports in the North Mediterranean Sea over a nine-year period, and a cross-sectional dataset for 165 container terminals worldwide. Net-effect and gross-effect SFA models are applied to both datasets. Technical, scale and overall efficiencies of individual...
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...* Agro Products * Animal Feeds * Aqua Culture & Fish Farming * Astrologers * Academy & Arts * Animation * Art & Design * Art Galleries * Audio Recording Studio * Audio-Visual Production & Services * Automobile Air-Conditioner * Automobile Assembler & Manufacturers * Automobile Body Manufacturers * Automobile Display & Sales Center * Automobile Distributor * Automobile Paints * Automobile Parts & Accessories * Automobile Service Center * Automobile Workshop & Maintenance * Advertising Agencies & Counselors * Advertising-Out Door * Acids * Adhesives Glue & Gum * Agricultural Chemicals * Architects * Audio-Visual Equipment Suppliers * Audio-Visual Tapes & Cassettes * Alarm & Alarm Systems * Abrasives * Aluminium Fabricator * Aluminium Products Manufacturer, Dealer & Seller * Association of Development Agencies in Bangladesh * Associations * Animal Health * Ayurvadic & Herbal Products * Aerosol * Accounts & Audit Service * Agricultural Machineries & Equipment * Air Condition Project & Installation * Air Conditioner & Air Cooler Distributor & Service * Air Conditioning-Equipment & Parts * Anti Vibration Equipment * Arms & Ammunition * Airlines * Air Craft Spare Parts * Auto Cycle...
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...ABSTRACT Despite Bangladesh has glorious history & heritage as a shipbuilding nation since ancient time, shipbuilding has been in focus only from the last couple of years. The optimism about this industry arose from the success attained by a number of local entrepreneurs who brought the name and fame to Bangladesh as a country with great potentials in shipbuilding by building and handing over some ocean-going vessels to overseas buyers. Since then, the shipbuilding in Bangladesh did not have to look back and now new opportunities are knocking at the door to flourish this industry further. However, due to global nature of this industry, an assessment of suitability to modern shipbuilding in terms of global standard is of prime importance. This paper focuses on studying some crucial competitive factors like labour skill, labour availability, labour man-hour, labour cost & productivity for local shipbuilding which are the inherent part for expansion of this industry. The analysis also focuses on the existing access to the resources like materials, knowledge and capital for shipbuilding. Comparison of these parameters with other nations have been made qualitatively and quantitatively to find the level of our shipbuilding. On the basis of existing condition and future vision, some recommendations have been made which might be useful for accelerating the development of this sector. Keywords: Shipbuilding, Competitive factor, Productivity, R &D, Labour cost. Shipbuilding...
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...have integrated big efforts of owners, contractors, subcontractors, and designers. The truss industry is not an exception to this problematic. This industry, which is related directly to the home building industry and has boomed in recent decades, seems to have a lack of controls and regulations. Many of these problems may be linked, for example, to the lack of interest from management to improve and regulate such important areas as occupational safety and environmental hygiene. While past studies on occupational safety, environmental control, and quality control have been conducted in different areas of the construction industry, the truss industry and the owner’s impact on construction safety have not been previously investigated. This paper presents the results of a study within a truss manufacturing company, which was evaluated and studied in the areas of occupational safety, environmental control, and quality control. Data were obtained by conducting interviews, surveys, and direct observations. The relationship between organizational structure, occupational safety, environmental control, quality control and the management influence was examined. By identifying practices of management and employees that are associated with good occupational safety performances, successful environmental programs, and efficient...
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...Global Logistics and Local Dilemmas Peter V. Hall Urban Studies Program, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada ABSTRACT Global logistics which connects widely dispersed producers and consumers are increasingly organized through gateways and corridors located in urban regions. At the same time, global logistics systems are increasingly infrastructurally, economically and institutionally disconnected from the city-regions that host them. This disconnection raises a series of dilemmas for the host localities. This paper presents a conceptual framework for understanding the dilemmas that confront cities and regions that host national and continental logistics gateways. The framework, which is illustrated with examples from several seaport gateways, focuses on the land use, economic and community development impacts of gateways and corridors on the host city-region. It also pays attention to the differing scales at which these impacts occur; these range from the highly localized to the metropolitan scale. It is proposed that solutions to the local dilemmas of global logistics be evaluated in terms of sustainability criteria, namely efficiency, equity and environment. 1. INTRODUCTION While the economic benefits of global trade are enormous, the potential for differences in local and national perspectives when developing gateways and corridors are no less significant. Global logistics which connects widely dispersed producers and consumers are increasingly organized through gateways...
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...Scarce skills Jobs are scarce. What plan can you make to secure a job in today’s world of work? The answer is to study for a scarce skill! What is a scarce skill? A scarce skill is a qualification or job for which there are too little people in South Africa doing the job. Government would like to set South Africa on a winning economic pathway, by developing the skills of our people and assisting people to find employment more easily. Studying for a scarce skill would not only mean helping your country, but also helping yourself! A scarcity in qualifications or jobs, can come from the fact that the occupation is new and very few people have studied to fill these posts. It can also happen that people have not chosen to study for the course and a scarcity developed in the job. Sometimes special experience is required, for example people with years of experience of management, or in other cases people are needed in certain towns, cities or geographical areas. Scarcity can also be in terms of equity, for example too few women enter into a specific career. 2 How can you benefit? Choose to study for a scarce skill. Not only will you be able to find a job more easily, but chances are that you will be paid better and progress to the top of your career path more easily, because employers will snap you up. Also, some qualifications are scarce all over the world, which means that opportunities open up for you much more easily. You can make an appointment with one of the Department’s careers...
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...A warehouse is a commercial building for storage of goods. Warehouses are used by manufacturers, importers, exporters, wholesalers,transport businesses, customs, etc. They are usually large plain buildings in industrial areas of cities and towns and villages. They usually have loading docks to load and unload goods from trucks. Sometimes warehouses are designed for the loading and unloading of goods directly from railways, airports, or seaports. They often have cranes and forklifts for moving goods, which are usually placed on ISOstandard pallets loaded into pallet racks. Stored goods can include any raw materials, packing materials, spare parts, components, or finished goods associated with agriculture, manufacturing and production. ------------------------------------------------- Warehouse function[edit] India House, Manchester. See also: Manchester cotton warehouses Historically warehouses were a dominant part of the urban landscape from the start of the Industrial Revolution through the 19th century and into the twentieth century. The buildings remained when their original usage had changed. There are four identifiable types of warehouses.[clarification needed][1] The cotton industry rose with the development of the warehouse, and all five types were represented inManchester in the United Kingdom. Warehouses of that period in Manchester were often lavishly decorated, but modern warehouses are more functional.[2] Warehouse allow transport optimization along the supply...
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