...in the Table, we can make the following network diagram: We see from the diagram that there are three paths for completion: Path 1: A – C – E – G Path 2: A – C – E – F Path 3: B – D – F We now calculate the time taken to complete each path to determine the critical path. Time taken for completion of Path 1 (A – C – E – G): 3 + 4 + 1 + 2 = 10 days Time taken for completion of Path 2 (A – C – E – F): 3 + 4 + 1 + 4 = 12 days Time taken for completion of Path 3 (B – D – F): 1 + 2 + 4 = 7 days From this we can see that Path 2 takes the longest time and hence is the Critical Path. We will start crashing the process on the critical path. To decide which activity to crash first, we look at the crashing cost per day and the activity with the least crashing cost per day will be crashed first. We see that from the activities on the critical path, Activity A has the least crashing cost per day. Hence we crash activity A. Now, the new completion times are: Time taken for completion of Path 1 (A – C – E – G): 2 + 4 + 1 + 2 =...
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...be punished for others people mistakes? When teens end up in crashes they either survive or don’t. Either way it goes they learned their lessons. Parents should pay attention to this and talk to their teenagers. They shouldn’t let their teenagers drive unless they’re with them and then once they see how teenagers are doing on the road, they can either let their teenagers drive alone or sit their with them until their sure their teenager is ready to handle the wheel with out their parents by their side. Finally, Some people believe that it would be good to raise the driving age to 18. This is not necessarily true. If you raise the driving age it will just make more accidents for the ages 18 to 21. Do you really want people that grown crashing into cars and dieing or being injured. Their may be more accidents at 16 and 17, but you can’t blame everyone for...
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...1. Describe the culture for race car drives. Race car drivers of course accept a lot of risk when they compete in a race, and believe that in order to succeed they must take risks. Some risks include crashes with other vehicles and possible loss of life, either from crashing their cars into into the other vehicles, inanimate objects, or other people, as with the death of Kevin Ward Jr. (Daft / People.com) At the same time, race car drivers receive an adrenaline rush from racing. They receive this rush from the super-fast speeds, and pushing themselves and their cars to the edge. (Daft) 2. How does NASCAR show social responsibility? Many companies have started focusing on social issues, and NASCAR is no different. Since it started, NASCAR has been working with charity programs and non-profit foundations. Their main charitable contributions have been toward helping children. (Daft) NASCAR also has a Green Initiative to help reduce air and water pollution by reducing the amount of poisonous gases emitted by racing vehicles. They also extend their green initiative into their office environment through cardboard and ink recycling. (Daft) Additionally, NASCAR has also been working into improve the diversity in race car driving by increasing the number of minorities and women drivers. (Daft) 3. Describe the cultural tug of war. A Tug of War is described as “a contest in which two people or teams pull opposite ends of a rope in an attempt...
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...the passengers and road users. The death rates for young drivers under the age of 24 are approximately two times those of older drivers. Together with the dreadful human cost, such lose impose a huge financial burden on societies. Research shows that the main cause of the young driver’s accidents is a combination of inadequate skills due to inexperience and intentional risk taking related to age and youthfulness. Whichever of this is the main cause it is still the hot literature debate. However, there is a great need to go beyond this debate and tackle this concern to cut on the young driver accident. Identifying the drivers at a greater risk of crashing before it happens is valuable as it can prevent injury to road users and reduce social cost to the society (Fowles, 2010). Attempts to recognize drivers at a higher risk of crashing rely heavily on evident of crash, traffic offense records and driving behavior of the past. Sixty five per cent of the young drivers smash or crash their car in the first four years of driving, and at least...
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...thrill has been a deadly one on occasion, with a total of 28 people killed in the history of the race flown every year in Reno since 1964, Draper said. "The Reno Air Racing Association extends its most sincere heartfelt condolences and sympathies to all of those affected by yesterday's tragic events," the association said in a statement. Leeward was the son of a pilot and his own sons have also flown planes. He worked as a stunt pilot on some movies, including the 2002 release "Dragonfly." The NTSB also was investigating the Martinsburg crash, which came as six T-28 aircraft were flying in formation at the Thunder Over the Blue Ridge Open House & Air Show. A witness said one of the planes dropped and then rolled onto its side before crashing. The T-28 was used as a trainer by the Navy and Air Force between 1950 and 1984. The Reno and Martinsburg crashes were the latest in a spate of fatal air show accidents since August. Last month, the pilot of an aerobatic airplane died in a fiery crash in front of shocked onlookers at a weekend...
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...TrafficLoad 03-10-2011 (3 october that is) This is a simple traffic loading fix, for people who have modded cars and get the issue of always the same car appearing. It is also a welcome addition for people who wish to have more diverse traffic and/or want more control of the amount of traffic appearing. Installation You will need an asi loader and aru's Scripthook, or something similar. Be sure you GTA IV can load .asi scripts. This script has been tested on 1.0.3.0 (with ScriptHook 0.4.0), 1.0.4.0 (ScriptHook 0.4.0) and 1.0.7.0 (with ScriptHook 0.5.1). To install this mod, copy the files TrafficLoad.asi and TrafficLoad.ini in your GTA IV folder. Remove all older or other versions! TrafficLoad.ini configuration You can specify your own values for both pedestrians and cars in the .ini. It is also possible to modify the amount of cars loaded before models that aren't used anymore are wiped from memory. Extra cars When you have no added cars installed, no modification is needed. If you do have added cars, look in the .ini for clarification. Up to 15 cars can be added. Trouble? If the mod does not load, check ScriptHook.log for possible messages, or the lack thereof. If nothing is loaded, be sure to right click the file and check for any security measurements Windows Vista and Windows 7 apply. Remove those, they prevent the file from getting loaded. When it still doesn't load or it loads but a weird memory address pops up in the logs, copy and paste MSVCR100D.dll into...
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...Crashing projects: Sometimes we need to speed up the project to finish earlier than dead-end line pf the project. And we call this operation "crashing". Crashing a project directly relates to resource commitment. The more resources we willing to spend the faster we could finish the project. There is some good reasons to crash a product: 1- Sometimes the schedule is too crowded so we did schedule the project with a series of activity durations so that make the crashing process must done 2- Change in market demand. For example, we find that another company developing the same project so we need to finish first to be the first on the market. 3- the project is way too much behind the schedule so we need to crash all the remaining activities. 4- The company may realize that it will be responsible for paying more in late delivery penalties than the cost of crashing the activities. Options for Accelerating Projects Crashing is one of several ways on which we manage our time in a project crashing or compressing the project is something that we do to reduce the amount of time that our project takes involves evaluating the critical path activities and seeing if they can be reasonably reduced in time and more than that seen if they can be cost-effectively reduced. For example, cost of an activity versus the time that it takes we have a point over normal cost and duration this tasks going to take 10 days and cost 500 dollars what we're going to do is we're going to ask those...
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...Rassy and the team were concerned with the results of your analysis. They spent the afternoon brainstorming alternative ways for shortening the project duration. They rejected outsourcing activities because most of the work was developmental in nature and could only be done in-house. They considered altering the scope of the project by eliminating some of the proposed product features. After much debate, they felt they could not compromise any of the core features and be successful in the marketplace. They then turned their attention to accelerating the completion of activities through overtime and adding additional technical manpower. Rassy had built into her proposal a discretionary fund of $200,000. She was willing to invest up to half of this fund to accelerate the project, but wanted to hold onto at least $100,000 to deal with unexpected problems. After a lengthy discussion, her team concluded that the following activities could be reduced at the specified cost: • Development of voice recognition system could be reduced from 15 days to 10 days at a cost of $15,000. • Creation of database could be reduced from 40 days to 35 days at a cost of $35,000. • Document design could be reduced from 35 days to 30 days at a cost of $25,000. • External specifications could be reduced from 18 days to 12 days at a cost of $20,000. • Procure prototype components could be reduced from 20 days to 15 days at a cost of $30,000. • Order stock parts could be reduced from 15 days to 10...
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...Objectives Organization: Reference: Chapter 10 General Purpose: to inform Specific Purpose: to show my audience how to build a computer INTRODUCTION I. Attention Getter: a. How often do you need to buy a new computer due to your old computers inefficiency and/or death? b. Knowing how to build your own computer is a useful skill which allows you to replace any outdated parts. II. Orienting Information: c. I have built 4 computers in the past, it is a simple process that anyone can do. III. Central Idea/Preview: d. The computer building process can be divided in three main steps. The organizing of required parts, the actual building process, and the start-up. BODY I. Organizing the required components. a. Lay out the contents which will be put into the computer case. i. Motherboard ii. Cpu iii. Memory iv. Storage v. Video card vi. Case vii. Power supply viii. CD player ix. Operating system b. Set up a work space c. Wear the proper equipment. x. Anti-static wrist strap xi. Short sleeved shirt Bridge: After all the materials are accounted for we can begin Assembling. II. The assembling of the computer. d. The motherboard must be placed in the computer case e. Parts Attached to the motherboard xii. Cpu xiii. Memory xiv. Video card f. contiguous...
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...What is fracking and it’s negative aspect: Fracking is the process of extracting natural gas from shale rock deep within the earth… Like any other method of extracting energy, fracking has its advantages and disadvantages. As discussed in the class it has a negative consequence on the population, also the waste fracking fluids or chemicals can cause more pollution because they go into water table. Another environmental issue is air contamination. Bouble in the 90s The shale boom is on par with the dot-com boom. The strong players will remain, the weak ones will vanish As the internet was a huge investment opportunity for every lame brained idea related to the internet now the shale industry is replaying the same scenario. The oil and gas boom in the United States was made possible by the extensive credit afforded to the shale firms. These drillers relying on debt to finance their investment they earn less then what they spend… Why the oil price decreases? The price decreased because oil and gas production is evolving so rapidly and demand is dropping so quickly, an other reason could also be the growing switch to other fuels alternatives (like gas) or energy sources (solar, wind,.. etc). Also the hybrid and electric cars contribute in loss for the oil producers… Saudi Arabia OPEC leader SA is not being cooperative in the plight of oil falling prices. Instead of cutting its production and helping to restore the prices it is keeping its output constant and offering...
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...study Q1 Project Crashing Due to the internal demand and unexpected cope up situation for the external uncertainties there are possibilities of speed up the scheduling time for projects. For instance due to high prioritize resource commitment for the another simultaneously running critical project or situation where seasonal weather effect come to the play in time. Mostly this kind of expedition occurs from the non critical activities where the slack is available. Having done the crash, it would result better utilization of recourses but the rule of thumb is there should not be any major impact on the project scope. In simple terms, this refers to the compression of the original project schedule in order to minimize the total time of the project. This has to be done after very careful study since it might crack the whole project till up to the abandons. Moreover detail analysis and total acceptability of the stakeholders has to be met and this has to be done at the least additional cost. The regain value should be derived from the benefit gain over the additional cost; which has to be realized in positive node with respect to the aggregate impact on the organization. Q2 What are the steps involving in Project Crashing? First, the marginal cost has to be calculated in relation with the project crash for each activity. Crash Cost Per Time Period or Margin Cost= Marginal Cost = (change in cost)/(change in time) = (Crash cost - Normal cost)/(Normal time - Crash...
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...Project Management, 2e (Pinto) Chapter 10 Project Scheduling: Lagging, Crashing, and Activity Networks 10.1 True/False 1) Finish to start lags are the same as additional activity slack. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Section: 10.1 Lags in Precedence Relationships Skill: Factual AACSB Tag: Reflective 2) The least common type of lag relationship occurs when a successor's finish is dependent upon a predecessor's start. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Section: 10.1 Lags in Precedence Relationships Skill: Factual AACSB Tag: Reflective 3) Gantt charts cannot depict float. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Section: 10.2 Gantt Charts Skill: Factual AACSB Tag: Reflective 4) In order to accelerate completion of a project, the manager must crash critical path activities. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Section: 10.3 Crashing Projects Skill: Factual AACSB Tag: Reflective 5) The critical path may not contain a dummy activity. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Section: 10.3 Crashing Projects Skill: Factual AACSB Tag: Reflective 6) Quite often the marginal gains in employee productivity decrease dramatically with the increased use of overtime. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Section: 10.3 Crashing Projects Skill: Factual AACSB Tag: Reflective 7) Most project management software employs AOA diagramming Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Section: 10.4 Activity-on-Arrow Networks Skill: Factual AACSB Tag: Reflective 8) AOA is a more useful technique than AON if the project is complex and has many significant milestones. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Section: 10.4 Activity-on-Arrow...
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...SCHEDULE CRASHING This project consisted in the implementation of software based on the needs of the recruiting force. The project was scheduled to be completed in two years, but due to a schedule crashing the project needs to completed nine months earlier. The estimated cost of the project was $278,000. The goal of this schedule crashing is to finish the project nine months earlier, but at the same time, we want to stay within the parameters in order to save money in resources. We will move personnel from a different area to train them in order for them to provide the required training on the implementation. At the end of the project due to the crashing schedule, we will like to provide the same training that it was scheduled at the beginning of the project. In addition, we would like to evaluate the knowledge of the recruiting station within the time scope. At the same time, we do not want to neglect the end state of the project. The following constraints will be taking into consideration: first, the budget available for the project. Second, time allowed for training new trainers. Third, having issues with connectivity and fourth, be able to finish the project within the time allowed by the schedule crashing. The new estimated budget due to the schedule crashing is $320,500 which is an increase of $42,500. As the project manager, I will have to make sure that I stay within the budget, but also be able to provide the training require in order for the system to...
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...paper scans the present state of Production Planning and Control (PPC) regarding the manufacturing industry. PPC needs to undergo internal and external changes by being more dynamic and properly utilizing resources and delivery performance. In order for this to happen, the concept of crashing much be applied to better understand of how different factors affect PPC systems performance. Crashing is reduces project time by overlapping or performing two or more different steps simultaneously using additional resources (PM PrepCast). Crashing the network is the reduction of project duration by contracting and compressing the network at minimum cost. Project duration can often be reduced by appointing more labours to project activities. However, when appointing more labours, the project cost increases due to overtime and more resources being used. Time and cost requirement must be balanced to reduce project duration. The gist of this paper covers production time, along with the cost applying the concept of crashing. In addition, time management with optimum cost is vital for any project. A method to obtain optimum cost and project duration minimization is outlined. This is achieved by fully crashing the critical path or by removing non-added values steps. INTRODUCTION The work done in this article is related to production planning and control, which reduces manufacturing throughput time for a special purpose machine. Planning and control is used to make decisions for the procurement...
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...that is highlighted in the beginning of the book is crashing. Alex Rogo, one of UniCo’s plant managers, has to use additional funds to pay for overtime for employees. He also has to relax many of the plant work specifications by leaving many machines idle while everyone in the plant focuses on getting one order out the door. Another concept that is discussed is the difference between productivity and efficiency, the author Eliyahu Goldratt compares productivity and efficiency through the issue with the robots. Even though the robots are increasing the efficiency of the production of parts they are not increasing the productivity. Another very critical management concept is time estimations. An example of this is when Rogo goes on a hike with his son and some friends. When Rogo first determines the time estimates for how long the hike will take he has very deterministic time estimates, when really they should have been more probabilistic. In many ways “The Goal” highlights key terms of management but some of the main terms highlighted are productivity, crashing, and time estimations. In the first few pages Alex Rogo must apply crashing to his plant when a certain order 41427 is realized to be 7 weeks late. Even though order 41427 was already very late the plant was ordered to get it shipped out that very day. Rogo incurred extra expenses for the project by being forced to pay employees overtime. Another element of crashing is when work specifications are relaxed. In the whole...
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