Figure of Speech

A figure of speech is the use of a word or words diverging from its usual :meaning. It can also be a special repetition, arrangement or omission of words with literal meaning, or a phrase with a specialized meaning not based on the literal meaning of the words in it, as in idiom, metaphor, simile, hyperbole, or personification. Figures of speech often provide emphasis, freshness of expression, or clarity. However, clarity may also suffer from their use, as any figure of speech introduces an ambiguity between literal and figurative interpretation. A figure of speech is sometimes called a rhetorical figure or a locution.

Not all theories of meaning have a concept of "literal language" (see literal and figurative language). Under theories that do not, figure of speech is not an entirely coherent concept.

Rhetoric originated as the study of the ways in which a source text can be transformed to suit the goals of the person reusing the material. For this goal, classical rhetoric detected four fundamental operations[1] that can be used to transform a sentence or a larger portion of a text: expansion, abridgement, switching, and transferring.

Simile

A simile is a figure of speech that directly compares two different things, usually by employing the words "like" or "as"... "if " or "than" are also used though less commonly. A simile differs from a metaphor in that the latter compares two unlike things by saying that the one thing is the other thing.[1

A simile can explicitly provide the basis of a comparison or leave this basis implicit. In the implicit case, characterized by the use of 'like' to connect the two ideas, the simile leaves an audience to determine for themselves which features of the target are being predicated: it is also a kind of sentence that uses as or like to connect the words being compared it can be an idioms seldom ex:

Using ‘like’

▪ For He is like a refiner's fire. ▪ Her eyes twinkled like stars. ▪ He fights like a lion. ▪ He runs like a cheetah. ▪ She is cute like a rose. ▪ Allie’s cell phone dropped into the toilet like a falling star. ▪ When he kissed her,it felt to her as though he was trying to win a sword fight. ▪ Grandpa lounged on the raft in the middle of the pool like an old battleship. ▪ If seen from above the factory,the workers would have looked like doug parts.
Using ‘as’ • “cute as a kitten,” comparing the way someone looks to the way a kitten looks • “as busy as a bee” comparing someone’s level of energy to a fast-flying bee • "as snug as a bug in a rug" comparing someone who is very cozy to how comfortable a bug can be in a rug • "as happy as a clam" comparing someone's happiness to the contentment of a clam • "Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what you're going to get." comparing the uncertainty of life to the uncertainty of choosing a chocolate from a box • "as agile as a monkey" implying someone can move as well as a monkey does • "as black as coal" comparing the color of something dark to the very-dark coal color • "as blind as a bat" indicating that the person cannot see any better than a bat can

Metaphor
A metaphor is a literary figure of speech that describes a subject by asserting that it is, on some point of comparison, the same as another otherwise unrelated object. Metaphor is a type of analogy and is closely related to other rhetorical figures of speech that achieve their effects via association, comparison or resemblance including allegory, hyperbole and simile.
Metaphor ex:

1. The detective listened to her tales with a wooden face. 2. She was fairly certain that life was a fashion show. 3. The typical teenage boy’s room is a disaster area. 4. The children were roses grown in concrete gardens, beautiful and forlorn. 5. That woman is the cancer of my dreams and aspirations. 6. Kisses are the flowers of love in bloom. 7. His cotton candy words did not appeal to her taste. 8. Kathy arrived at the grocery store with an army of children. 9. Waves of spam emails inundated his inbox.
10. Her eyes were fireflies.

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