...Research Process and Terminology Paper 334 CJA June 13, 2011 Research Process and Terminology Terminology in any profession is key to understanding what is being done and why. Many professions have their own way or methods of research. Not knowing the proper terminology can affect one’s job. One’s that know the terminology and methods have a wide range throughout their job when evaluating and analyzing research. Research is the process of collecting and analyzing information, and includes any gathering of data, information, and facts for the advancement of knowledge. Once the professional has become familiar with the terminology used in the research process, the professional will be able to provide technical reports, academic concepts, and provide the discoveries of his or her research. When does research process begin? It begins with problem formulation. Problem formulation is to review, selection, and specification of the area to be investigated. Researchers organize research by formulating and defining a research problem, which is the main issue of the research in most cases. Before attempting to solve a problem, researchers must first define the problem as in any problem. The more difficult it is to define the problem, the harder he or she has to try. Once the problem formulation is complete, researchers can stay focused on the research process. Second is research design. Research designs are the type of experimental or non-experimental...
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...prevent or reduce crime. Following the white flight and the development of suburban towns, police started to switch from their standard practices to improve their procedures. This paper will explain and compare ten police innovations in order to show how police officers and researchers work to reduce crime. These innovations include problem-oriented policing, community policing, “broken windows” policing, Compstat, hot spots policing, “pulling levers” policing, evidence-based policing, third party policing, Intelligence-led policing, and predictive policing. In addition, it will contain a personal recommendation of which reform police agencies should implement. The paper will explain specific examples on how this reform will be helpful to police agencies. Police and scholars work to enhance reforms vigorously in order to decrease crime, assist with community needs, and prevent further delinquency. Certain police reforms provide more decision-making power to the individual beat officer, and problem-oriented police gives vast amounts of discretion to them. Problem oriented policing (POP) is a logical way of looking at the problem in policing. The POP reform works to understand and analyze crime and policing tactics to try to prevent the crime or at least manage to slow the frequency of the crime. POP was designed by Herman Goldstein to investigate if old policing tactics effectively stopped crime. It shifts policing to a scientific approach to prevent crime (Braga and Weisburd:...
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...Homework: Term Paper GEB2430 Business Ethics & Social Responsibility Dr. Harvey Weiss June 16th, 2012 Abstract The main purpose of this research paper is to show how the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 may have contributed to holding corporate executives accountable for their actions then and for the future. This research paper will examine and discuss the origin of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and go into detail regarding the eleven titles, or sections, of the document that it consists of. This research paper will then touch upon the different countries around the world that have been subsequently enacted with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and conclude with the debates over the perceived benefits and costs from both opponents and proponents. The following research paper will prove to be useful for any executive running a public corporation. After reading this research paper, one will come to discover and understand the new standards implemented for corporate accountability as well as the new penalties for acts of wrongdoing. Body The Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002, also known as the “Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act” by the Senate and “Corporate and Auditing Accountability and Responsibility Act” by the House of Representatives and commonly called Sarbanes–Oxley, Sarbox or SOX, is a United States federal law passed on July 30, 2002, which set new or enhanced standards for all United States public company boards, management and public accounting firms. It...
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...laboratories and impeccable machines as portrayed in forensic crime dramas, an average person’s faith and trust on forensic evidence is unshakable. In particular, jurors significantly rely on DNA analysis, scientific evidence, and testimonies by forensic experts to help decide the outcome of most criminal cases. Hence, justice and freedom for an individual can depend on the proficiency, reliability and efficiency of a forensic laboratory and their forensic analysts. Investigative or methodological forensic errors either on...
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...companies and corporations. Many times, more than thirty days goes by before someone alerts the company of a possible security breech. Cost of an electronic exploit can be greater than a million dollars per incident as reported by the FBI. This information is found in the FBI’s (Federal Bureau of Investigation) report of cyber threats in the United States. In order to help counterbalance this, smaller to midsized companies could spend less than $5,000 to harden their systems and operating systems to put a statefull firewall in place. As stated in this paper, these companies often lack the resources, materials and funds to do so. With the FBI report showing reported incidents, there are thousands of incidents that go unreported. Often these incidents are yet to be discovered. With this number of small to mid-size corporations ignoring or slowly implementing security measures, more and more electronic computer crimes are beginning to take place throughout the U.S. With extortion now moving into the digital age, many corporations do not report intrusions to law enforcement in order to avoid negative publicity. Reports of an intrusion could directly have a negative effect on the company’s sales and position in a global competitive market. Approximately 35% of corporations don’t report electronic intrusions to keep their competitors from gaining any type of advantage. Today’s modern bank robber can be a hacker thousands of miles away hidden behind spoofed ip addresses...
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...Communication Technologies (ICT) has become the backbone of many organizations. Particularly, the internet has become an important aspect through which education institutions use to carry out research, communicate and innovate. Even through this evolution has brought many benefits but also it has also brought serious threats such as cyber-attacks that has been demonstrated over the past few years through acts of cyber espionage and cyber-crime through the virtual space. In this context, the University of Dar es Salaam needs to develop policies towards cyber threats even through this has often be clustered and fragmented. Using theoretical and conceptual models this paper provides an informed understanding and critical assessment of the University of Dar es Salaam cyber security policy through addressing the following research questions: What are the IT risk management policy and systems that can be developed for the University of Dar es salaam? The primary data is collected through surveys, and interviews that are open ended and close ended. The results of the paper demonstrated that colleges and universities have been a target for cyber-attacks due to the fact that of the vast amount of computing power they possess, and they provide open access to their constituents and to the public. The research also showed that University of Dar es Salaam doesn’t have a comprehensive IT security risk management policy or guidelines that will guide the business process in the event of an IT security...
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...Business Research Ethics William Stadler RES/351 04/15/2015 Jonte Lee Business Research: Ethical Research Guidelines When performing research the idea behind this process is developing new ideas from information gathered that not obvious or able to be seen by the human eye. “Forward-thinking executives recognize that analytics may be the only true source of sustainable advantage since it empowers employees at all levels of an organization with information to help them make smarter decisions” (Cooper & Schindler, 2014, Chapter 1, Research in Business, Learning Objectives). It is important for managers to have access to as much information as possible in order to perform business research and it is equally important for management to do business research in an ethical manner. The following paper will discuss an article called Business research in India, summarize what unethical research practices should be avoided, which parties could face injury or what injuries could occur to these parties, how unethical behavior could affect the organization, individual, and society, and how unethical behavior could be monitored or resolved if found occurring. Business Research in India and Ethical Research Guidelines The purpose of the article, Business research in India, was to study the progress of business research done in India. The analysts use a biblio-metric approach which is a combination of multiple articles, publications, journals, etc...
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...Health Psychology paper Dianna Norris HCA 250 July 19, 2013 Axia College Of University Phoenix Health Psychology Paper Forensic psychology has always been a fascination for me. Forensic psychology is psychological for the criminal justice system. The fascination for me was how the forensic psychologist is able to detect criminal tendencies. The psychological approach is the way the evidence could lead to certain criminal behavior. [ (psychology school guide, 2012) ]For criminal psychologists they have to look at all angles of a way a person commits a crime. The FBI has a behavior science unit and they help with the understanding of criminals and terrorists [ (Portland State University Careers in Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2012) ]. This unit has three other counterparts and they all play a very important part of the FBI, they are the crime analysts, criminologists and clinical psychologists. This is an example of how psychology and criminal justice can overlap. There are many different types of agrees and certifications as well as many paths that can be taken in forensic psychology(psychology school guide, 2012) [ (psychology school guide, 2012) ] . Example: Forensic psychology requires either a Bachelors or Masters Degree. I have thought of this degree ever since I was eleven years old. Family situations quashed me going back to school at that time. At the time I was thinking about this career choice on-line classes were not offered. I would have applied...
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...Research Process and Terminology This paper is about the terminology used in research and the processes in which are used in research. In this paper the reader will learn how not knowing the proper terminology can have an effect on someone that is trying to conduct a criminal justice research project. It will also tell how by being knowledgeable of the correct terms it can be a positive feature to the researcher when examining and weighing up data or following a line of investigation information. And lastly, it will also explain how the knowledge and terminology can and will be relevant to a career in the criminal justice field. Research What is the meaning of research in the criminal justice world? “Studious inquiry or examination; especially: investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws” (National Criminal Justice Reference Service, 2012). There are two types of research: basic or pure research and applied research. Basic research, also known as pure research, is pertaining to the getting hold of new facts to better science or to better the growth of the field. Applied research is helpful research worried with getting to the bottom of the in need of attention policy problems that may arise. A procedures used to develop research is sometimes viewed in an order of problem formulation, research outline...
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...Future of Policing Paper In every country, there are various security jobs that are handled and managed by police, law enforcement agencies, and militaries. These police enforcement agencies play a significant role towards safeguarding the laws and protecting the society. The following information explores the future of policing with respect to the trends which are currently affecting policing, foreseeable serious problems which might affect policing in the future, and changes which might need to be prepared for efficiently addressing these serious issues towards policing. Trends affecting Policing According to the Walker & Katz (2010), “there are five extents of policing where current trends possess long-standing and profound effect towards police force and agencies. It includes police technology, research, employment practices in law enforcement, the war on terrorism and demographic change” (Walker & Katz, 2010). Today, the most persuasive change takes place towards policing is concerned with information technology. To deliver information the public; various police enforcement agencies are utilizing the internet, using cell phones for communication; and to retrieve prompt facts and figures; they utilize mobile computers. A police manager and professional in police related technology, Jim Chu notifies that, “four foremost applications which are of concerns to police enforcement agency of future are: computer aided dispatch (CAD), information and database technology, mobile...
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...Research Proposal Topic : Sections and services of crime laboratory Date : 2016.01.13 Table of contents Contents page 1. Introduction………………………………………………………3 2. History and background ….……………………………………...3 3. Aim and Objective……………………………………………….4 4. The role of crime laboratories……………………………………4 5. Research tools * Budget…………………………………………..…………5 * Data collection and analysis……………………….……...5 * Work plan………………………………………….……...5 6. Limitations and Conclusion………………………………..…….6 7. Reference……………………………………………..………….6 1. Introduction Crime laboratory is one of the most valuable tool for a crime investigator. It is a scientific lab using primarily forensic sciences for the purpose of examining evidence from criminal cases. It provides answers to some or all the questions asked such as how the crime was committed, who committed it, and can also determine whether a crime has been committed or not. The crime laboratory seek answers for the questions mentioned above through scientific analysis of physical material collected primarily from the scene of a crime, suspect or the person affected. It provides an even more integrated approach to the analysis of exhibits and the presentation of expert evidence. Generally the aim of the crime laboratory is to effectively prevent and combat crime. 2. History and background of crime laboratory The Forensic Science Laboratory of the South African Police...
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...S.PALAVESAKRISHNAN palavesakrishnan@gmail.com Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Background to the Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Defining the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 The Nature and the Scope of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Risk of Break-ins and Builder Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Selecting and Implementing the Preventive Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Monitoring Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Evaluating the Preventive Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Summary of the Results of the Experiment . ...
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...T ackling Fraud, Waste, and Abuse in the M edicare and Medicaid Programs: R esponse to the May 2 Open Letter to the Healthcare Community Dan Olson, CFE June 2012 Tackling Fraud, Waste, and Abuse in the Medicare and Medicaid Programs White Paper C ontents I. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1 II. Recommendations................................................................................................... 3 Recommendation 1 – Expand the Medicare Fraud Strike Force Model....................................... 3 Potential Savings .......................................................................................................................... 4 Recommendation 2 – Expand Integrated Data Repository .......................................................... 4 Potential Savings .......................................................................................................................... 5 Recommendation 3 – Expand “Do Not Pay List” .......................................................................... 5 Potential Savings .......................................................................................................................... 6 Recommendation 4 – Publicize Drug Expiration Dates ................................................................ 6 Potential Savings ....................................................................
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...Ethics in Accounting By Pace University – New York Accounting for Decision Making, MBA 640 Fall 2011 Required Research Paper Page 1 of 11 Table of Contents Number Content Page Number 1 Introduction 3 2 Ethics in Accounting 4 3 Enron Scandal 6 4 Satyam Scandal 8 5 Conclusion 10 6 References 11 Page 2 of 11 Introduction • What is “Ethics”? Ethics, also known as moral philosophy, is a branch of philosophy that addresses questions about morality—that is, concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong, virtue and vice, justice and crime, etc. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics • What is “Accounting”? Accounting is basically maintaining and providing records of transfer of funds for an individual or business. All the data collected from these records are then summarized in form of reports and statements, which are used by outside parties and the company itself for various uses and analysis. Source: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/accounting.asp#axzz1fbCBL2q0 Page 3 of 11 Ethics in Accounting With many scandals and scams coming out regarding the unethical behavior of firms in terms of Business and accounting, higher authorities in governments across the globe are worried. These scams are disturbing and damaging the economy at large. When the economy is already sliding down, governments have started taking extra care and strict rules are being applied to control the damage...
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...Kyle Reed MGT 309 Dr. Williams 09/06/2015 Research Paper – Enron and Ethics in Financial Reporting Table of Contents Cover Page – Page 1 Table of Contents – Page 2 Introduction – Page 3 Statement of Problem – Pages 4-5 Analysis of Problem – Pages 5-6 Conclusion – Pages 6-7 References – Page 8 Introduction A major scandal that still resonates in financial markets today was Enron’s bankruptcy. The business environment of the time included a deregulated energy market (specifically in California) that allowed Enron to inflate their stock prices and offer their commodities at a premium. Additionally, there was little oversight for off balance-sheet transactions. This allowed Enron officials to hide losses in offshore captives with the help of Andrew Fastow. This and other creative accounting practices allowed Enron to report huge profits while in reality Enron was not legitimately profitable. Enron also inflated revenue numbers by buying and selling the same commodities over and over, reporting each transaction at full value (Forbes). In turn, this inflated stock prices of the company beyond what was reasonable. Statement of Problem The decline of Enron began in 2001 with Jeff Skilling being named CEO. During this time, a vice president of Enron voiced her concerns regarding the unethical business practices of the company and described the company as an “Elaborate Hoax” (NY Times). Former CEO Mr. Lay, meanwhile, had been telling investors that the now decreased...
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