...Notes for the Course: Religion and Ethics in our Modern Society, 2012 By Dr H Ndlovu Definition and Nature of Christian Ethics Ethics is derived from the Greek word “ethos” that is also comes from another word “ethika.” Ethika means norms, conventions, values, customs the society. Thus ethics is a discipline that examines one’s moral standards or the moral of a society. These are absorbed from family, church and friends. Why Study Ethics There are nine reasons why human beings have to study ethics. 1. Human beings are capable of reasoning from cause to effect with the understanding that everything done has effect. 2. Human beings are capable of making choices after comparing the alternatives, that is, internal and external. People have two cells namely: a. Real – what we have now b. Ideal – what we are aiming at 3. Human beings are self – conscious. This means we can study ourselves by being a subject and be the object at the same time. 4. Human beings are finite or limited not knowing what will happen from the next moment or next door. Thus, we must have principles to apply when situations comes. 5. Human life is an active dynamic phenomenon – We do something as if we do nothing. 6. People also can be taught to be good (Isaiah 1 :18) 7. Human beings are capable of filing an obligation 8. Human beings are also capable of understanding what moral terms like freedom, dignity and so on affects other people. 9. Finally, human beings need to survive. Human civilization...
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...Facilities Planning Lecture 7-8: Layout Planning Algorithmic Approaches Quadratic Assignment Problem Departments are to be assigned to predetermined locations (sites) in the floor plan. Each department is treated as a unit square, so that any department can be assigned to any site. This is a quadratic assignment problem, since the “cost” of assigning a department to a particular location depends on the locations of the other departments. Dr. Erkan Bayraktar 2 11.07.2010 ... Mathematical Formulation 11.07.2010 Dr. Erkan Bayraktar 3 Quadratic Assignment Problem Optimal solution procedures are difficult to solve for realistic size problems. Therefore, two types of heuristic procedures are considered. Construction Procedure Improvement Procedures 11.07.2010 Dr. Erkan Bayraktar 4 Evaluation of Facility Designs Which layout is best? Is layout A better than Layout B? Several Common Methods for Block Layouts Distance Based Scoring Requires flow and distance Requires subjective AEIOU relationships Many methods available Weighted factor scoring Adjacency Based Scoring Multi-Objective Scoring 11.07.2010 Dr. Erkan Bayraktar 5 Distance Based Scoring Volume-Distance product Distance usually measured rectilinearly, between centroids Assumes that the material flow system has already been specified Assumes that the variable flow cost...
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