...Finding the Root Causes of Crime Crime prevention is not a new idea. In fact, most police forces have been actively engaged in crime prevention activities for a number of years, and their efforts are increasingly being supplemented by volunteer based neighborhood and community initiatives. What is new is the emerging tendency to shift away from an exclusive focus on police based approaches in favor of a broader conception of how to prevent crime. The result is a number of new possibilities for delivering on the promise of crime prevention, and the emergence of a number of new participants in the area of prevention activities. One example of this new development is the direct participation of municipal governments in the organization of crime prevention structures and the delivery of crime prevention services and activities. The involvement of municipal governments in the area of crime prevention has been spurred by the popularity of municipal crime prevention councils in Europe (especially in France), and by the successes of locally organized and community-based initiatives in North America. In both cases, the involvement reflects a sense that, whatever crime prevention is, the police cannot do it alone. Moreover, there is a growing awareness that crime prevention is an inherently political domain: citizens are increasingly vocal about where and how scarce municipal resources are allocated in the “war” on crime, and politicians are increasingly being held accountable for the...
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...Prevention of crime; There are 3 measures to prevent crime. Target Hardening. 1. Direct prevention- something like burglary, adding alarms to potential targets. 2. Alteration of the environment- in dark areas adding flood lights, CCTV etc. 3. Increased Efforts and risks- make it harder for people to commit crime. This works on the rational choice theory, people weigh up the costs and benefits to committing crime, a higher risk coupled with a high cost with little benefits people are less likely to commit the crime. However a lot of crime is not spur of the moment and is a rational choice for people, violent crime is a good example of this as target hardening can’t prevent these crimes as they are normally opportunistic. Displacement states that even if preventative measures are taken, it just displaces crime elsewhere, Chalken gave the example of a crackdown of robberies in subways simply moved the crimes above ground in broad day light. There are several types of Displacement; 1. Spatial- geographical area 2. Temporal- different time 3. Tactical- different method 4. Functional- different crime all together. Situational crime prevention works on certain crimes but for the most part just displaces them. Ignores the more costly state and corporate crimes and instead focuses on petty street crime. Assumes all criminals are rational, some are not as it may be spur of the moment or fuelled by drugs and violent crimes aren’t rational...
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...Crime Prevention Programs 1. The police must implement community - based programs designed for crime to help the public improve the quality of life and to make the street safer within their own community . The programs provides the citizens of the community with chance to be invested in the quality of life of the community. 2. Some of the challenges associated with the implementation of these programs are: One the community in which the police are to implement a program is a transient community. A transient community is a community where members of the community are only in the community for a short period of time only care about the quality of life for the short term as compared to the members of the community who are rooted. Another challenge associated with the implementation of programs is the income level of the community. Community with a lower income level are cautious of those who are not from the community and tent to trust their neighbors rather than those from outside the community. 3. The three – crime prevention programs which I believe to effective are the neighbor watch , crime stoppers, and citizen patrol. The advances of a neighbor watch program the citizens of the community patrol looking for suspect activity in the community...
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...These days crimes almost happened every hour in our country. We can read about these crimes in newspapers and articles in the Internet and also watch them on television. These crimes which include robbery, kidnapping, extortion, snatch-thefts, raping and many others are obviously frightening and alarming. These crimes are committed by desperate people and they are ruthless and merciless which may cost lives and properties. Some too caused permanent injuries. Therefore it is important for us to be united and cooperate with our neighbours to combat these crimes and never let them happen in front of our eyes. Firstly it is important to be close to our neighbours. Then we can plan the patrolling schedules among our neighbourhood. These schedules can be done on every alternate days probably from 10p.m onwards and every neighbour must take turn to patrol. If the crime is too often, then the patrolling schedule can be further tighten up with the assistance of police. Furthermore, it is advisable to promote campaign on crime prevention by distributing pamphlets or leaflets on ‘Ways to Prevent Crimes’. Every neighbour must be duly informed of latest happening in the neighbourhood. Other useful information can be displayed on the leaflet such as the neighbours phone numbers, latest statistics on the crimes in the areas and pictures of suspicious strangers and vehicles. Meanwhile the neighbours are encouraged for monthly tea-party gathering to ensure the neighbours are closer to each...
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...Situational Crime Prevention There are many strategies that can be considered situational crime prevention strategies. Pick one of the following crime reduction strategies. 1. Improved Street Lighting 2. Surveillance Cameras on street 3. Use of access control for buildings 4. Electronic merchandise tags 5. Red light cameras After picking one of the 5 techniques outlined above do some research on it. First state what the techniques does and why it would be hypothesized to decrease crime. Second discuss the effectiveness of the strategy. You may need to seek out academic journal articles through the library databases to answer these questions. Please cite your sources. This assignment is due Sunday night (2/21/16) at 11:59 pm. We will discuss what you find on Monday. This assignment is worth 20 points. Technology can be a double-edged sword. While innovation and upgrades can have many benefits, they can also be used to cause trouble. This is the case of using surveillance cameras on a street. Some see cameras as a breech on their privacy but they can also have advantages in certain situations. The first crime that comes to my mind is the Skylar Neese case in 2012. A teenager snuck out of her home in the middle of the night and ultimately ends up getting murdered by her two “best friends”. Her mother remembered that the apartment complex they lived in had cameras on the buildings. Even though they video was blurry it gave a great timeline to the officers...
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...Situational Crime Prevention Situational crime prevention constitutes primary crime prevention measure. This is to say that it is aimed at deterring crime before it occurs. Situational prevention, like other similar primary prevention measures, focuses on subduing crime opportunities instead of the attributes of criminals or even potential criminals. It seeks to curtail opportunities for certain groups of crime by increasing the risks and difficulties associated with them and significantly reducing the rewards. Situational prevention is made up of three key elements: a sound theoretical framework, an authoritative methodology for dealing with specific crimes, and a collection of opportunity-reducing approaches (Felson & Clarke, 1997). Starbucks shops are spread throughout Chicago, a reprieve for professionals and tourists, young and old alike. While criminal trends continuously evolve, there tends to be a steady flow of handbags, laptops and tablets from these shops. There seem to be a high rate of purse and laptop theft in Starbucks premises. This can be attributed to the fact that many people are leaving their personal effects unattended. The carefully engineered warmth, ambience and the welcoming environment has been cited as the reason for this laxity, which motivates the criminals because the possibility of them being caught is very low. Distraction and extraction are the skills used by most thieves to steal from unsuspecting Starbucks patrons. These thieves work without...
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...Crime Prevention and Theory, Such as Crime Prevention through Environmental Design and other Preventive Programs University of Phoenix Survey of Justice and Security AJS/502 October 28, 2013 Crime Prevention and Theory, Such as Crime Prevention through Environmental Design and other Preventive Programs Criminal activity is not unplanned; it is either deliberate or opportunistic. Rendering to this philosophy, crime occurs when the activity area of a victim or objective crisscrosses within the activity area of a criminal. As crime rises a mass number of cities are requiring the implementation of crime prevention structures in the design of firsthand essential projects. Community crime prevention programs or strategies target changes in community infrastructure, culture, or the physical environment in order to reduce criminal acts. In a vast majority of cities the mythology of crime prevention embrace community watch organizations and policing, redevelopment of communities to pursue the involvement of residents, neighborhoods, churches and regional government organizations thus addressing the issues that contribute to criminal activities. One such organization is the National Crime Prevention Council which has made providing a multitude of preventive programs that include: Teens, Crime and the Community, McGruff Club, Celebrate Safe Communities among others to assist in addressing the needs and concerns of local communities. Although these programs are successful...
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...Situational crime prevention arose from the work of Clarke, Cohen and Felson. Their theories suggested that by limiting the opportunity of committing crimes and making it become more risky that it would drop crime rates. Situational crime prevention included making it more difficult to steal by having neighbourhood watch schemes and by marking valuable goods with identifiable codes. It also included limiting opportunities for violence by using plastic glasses in pubs at night and having secruity guards to maintain order. The opportunity theory by Clarke consists of two elements: how attractive the target is, for example, how much they can gain by committing the crime against the particular place, person or property. If it is the property they will ensure that it is easy to carry away and sell. The second element is how accessible the target is, if it is easy to get away with then they will be more likely to commit a crime. Therefore using CCTV and high security, there are less likely to be crimes as they do not want to risk getting caught. However Katz and Lyng put forward the idea of 'edgework' which argues that criminals also do it for the thrill of the act and that situational crime prevention actually encourages crime due to the risk involved that fuels the criminals adrenaline. However the use of situational crime prevention does make it more difficult to commit crimes as CCTV and security guards act as informal social control. Felson and Cohen developed the idea of...
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...1. Describe the situational crime prevention strategy that Evans discusses in chapter one. Evans suggested that residents of the majority of the neighborhoods could work together to bring out positive changes when it comes to crimes. Evans was able to see that changes had to be made within the community in order for change to take place. With the help of neighborhood citizen’s communities could come together and idolize programs such as neighborhood watch programs to help decrease the crime rate. If more citizens were involved within the community everyone would be able to work together for a better outcome in communities. 2. Describe the Social Crime Prevention strategy. Include the types of individuals and the characteristics of communities that should be targeted. The social crime prevention strategy is in place to help eliminate the high crime rate. Communities are able to work together to find a way to help protect their neighborhoods and well-being. Social crime prevention targets children, young families and young adults that receive services from schools, housing and employment. Many of the individuals that are included share weak social ties and an absence of shared values in life. Crime rates are normally higher in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Since crime rates are higher in these areas it...
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...SAFE House Project Jerald Coleman Crime Prevention CRJ 306 Prof Angelique Lees March 10, 2014 It is the place where the Coleman family has called home for many years. From my years at Grimes Elementary, to playing basketball and football in the streets, crowds gathering for little league football and baseball games. Sunnyside, Texas is one of the most popular areas around the Houston area. However, along with those good times, also came some heartaches and pain due to crimes committed. Many of those little leaguers we watched on the football field years ago, we watched some of them be carried off into police cars or the medical examiner vans. We have watched them as playful children who eventually ended into drugs and violence. One can only ask what we can do to save our community for all of this negativity. The purpose of this proposal is to introduce the idea of a program entitled “Safe House”. Safe House stands for Substance Abuse Free Environment. Safe House will cater to men, women, and juvenile offenders. This proposal will be a brief summary of the crime in our community as well as how this program will be beneficial in preventing more crimes in our area. This proposal will also analyze the SARA Model along with the Crime Analysis Triangle and determine how both would be beneficial in the development of this program. This proposal will also discuss how effective will Safe House be in our community and how. It will then discuss my recommendations, predictions, and...
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...Final Exam Guidelines Crime Prevention Concentrate most of your time on these topics and themes * 25 techniques of Situational Crime Prevention * Increase effort * Increase risk * Reduce Rewards * Reduce Provocations * Remove Excuses * All Theories * Crime Pattern Theory * Nodes, paths, edges * Routine Activities * Motivated offender, suitable target, [present] ; capable guardian [absence] * Rational Choice * Cost : Benefit ratio * 80/20 problems * repeat victimization * small group of victims, responsible for highest amount [percentage of revictimization] * repeat offending * small group of offenders responsible for high amount of reoffending * risky facilities * schools, bars, restaurants [public or private place that serves a specific function] * show up as hotspots * The Hot Spotters article in The New Yorker * Medical Care reduced because of targeting high crime areas that cause people to be hospitalized * Million Dollar Murray article in The New Yorker * Homelessness. Cheaper to house them than it is to ban panhandling or continuously arrest and hospitalize them * CRAVED model, and hot products * Concealable * Removable * Available * Valuable * Enjoyable * Disposable * Cash will always be #1 * DVDS, Laptops, Cellphones ...
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...Crime Prevention CRJ 305 Michelle McMichael Professor Levit September 10, 2013 Crime Prevention “The ultimate goal of crime prevention is to reduce the risk of being a victim.” (SIU, par. 1) “Successful crime prevention efforts will promote a safer community by enhancing the perception of safety and the attitudes and behaviors that help people feel safe.” (SIU, par. 3) Reducing crime must be a community effort. It requires the work of not only law enforcement but also the community itself. Crime prevention programs can be instituted, but until everyone decides to work together on the effort, they can be futile. In this paper I will be discussing the jurisdiction of Oklahoma City, the portion of the criminal justice system my proposal addresses, an analysis of crime statistics in Tallahassee, Florida, San Francisco, California, and Cleveland, Ohio, and how they compare to the national average, what the SARA model and the Problem Analysis Triangle are, the crime prevention strategy I have chosen, my recommendations, and my anticipated outcomes. According to the Lectric Law Library it states that, “the Fourteenth Amendment prohibits the deprivation of liberty or property without due process of law and the Sixth Amendment, which is applicable to the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, guarantees a criminal defendant a fundamental right to be clearly informed of the nature and cause of the charges against him” (Lectric, n.d) par. 1)...
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...Merit for Water Based Sports The sports I researched all have risks attached to them most of the sports only have minor risks. Whilst surfing you can get attacked by some nasty sea creatures who may give you a little bite and you can also suffer bruises, bumps, lacerations too, the main risks when canoeing are not wearing the right protective clothing or drinking enough fluid to keep yourself dehydrated during the different weather conditions, although like surfing minor injuries can still occur. Fishing is unlike the other sports as it doesn’t really have any risks except like canoeing wearing the right clothing for the weather conditions etc. Diving does have a few risks but again only minor ones which may be bruises and possible fractures should you hit the water wrong or maybe hit the diving board as you dive off. All of the sports I researched need their own specialist equipment either suitable protective clothing like diving and canoeing, although fishing needs a lot of specialist equipment to actually be able to participate in the sport i.e. rods, reels, lines, hooks etc. and also like the previous two sports you also need to wear the right clothing to suit the weather conditions. Surfing also needs correct clothing to suit the sport and also a board which is specific to the surfer. Most of the sports researched take place in the UK, USA, and Europe whereas fishing is mainly a British sport and Diving is a sport participated in all around the world as it is an...
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...Economics of Crime and Prevention Ja-mel Q. Whitaker ECO 499 Senior Seminar in Economics and Finance Professor Juliet Elu September 4, 2011 I. What is a Crime? Criminal activities produce several social issues in the United States. Criminal activities affect our “general well-being by threatening loss of property and by generating concern for our physical safety” (Grimes, Register, & Sharp, 2010). A large portion of “national output is devoted to crime prevention activities.” Unfortunately, this diversion of outputs leads to the used resources being “unavailable for other, [perhaps more pressing,] production processes,” such as education. This is not to say crime prevention is not important at all. In fact it is a serious pressing issue that needs serious attention, but could be avoided if people do not participate in criminal behavior. According to dictionary.com (2011), crime is “an action or an instance of negligence that is deemed injurious to the public welfare or morals or to the interests of the state and that is legally prohibited.” Criminal acts are any actions that “society (or one of its subdivisions) has decided it is better off without, which it has therefore made illegal through laws, ordinances, and the like” (Grimes, Register, & Sharp, 2010). Not all criminal acts are immoral, which is the issue with the first definition and most definitions of crime for that matter. Speeding is not necessarily immoral, but it is a crime. Cheating...
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...is to persuade offending from committing future crimes. Research which evaluates specific deterrence has focused on the effect of imprisonment that leads to future offending. One form of evaluating specific deterrence reflects the recidivism rate of offenders who spent time in prison. Imprisonment does not always deter offenders from committing deviant acts or crime in the future but it does hinder them from committing them while they...
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