...Perception of crime in Australia Name: deejay dial University: egerton Tutor: dr.magana Course: criminology Date: 03-06-2013 Introduction Crime is defined as an act of breaking or violation of the law .a crime is punishable by the government through imprisonment or paying bail, crimes range from petty crimes such as pick pocketing to capital crime such as murder or robbery with violence Policy making in Australia is affected by many factors including public perception .policies in criminal justice are used to determine the kind of punishment that is to be given to offenders, its also used to classify the degree and severity of crimes and also allocating the required resource to the criminal justice agencies. Using public perception to make policy can lead to bad policy formulation this is because there is a huge discrepancy that exists between the actual crimes committed and what the public holds as the rate of crime in their country. This is true in Australia where people perceive that crime is on the increase while in the actual sense its declining (Rex & Tonry 2002; Roberts & Indermaur 2009), the same pattern was also reported in the united states during the last decade (Maguire & Pastore 1999). In Australia the elderly, women and illiterate people believe that crime rate is increasing compared to men and the literate who believe otherwise (Indermaur & Roberts 2005) In 2007 according to Australian bureau of statistics (2008) murders reported...
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...Running head: CRIME DATA COMPARISON PAPER Crime Data Comparison Paper Willie Clark University of Phoenix Crime Data Comparison Paper In this paper, I will take a caparison look at the crime index for two metropolitan areas in the United States using statistical information provided by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Uniform Crime Report posted yearly will display the two geographical areas I choose to compare for the study is Memphis and Nashville TN. I will compare the violent crime of murder rate for Memphis versus the Property index rate for burglary for Nashville and how the two, which are just two, and half-hours apart vary so differently. A little history on the FBI Uniform Crime Reporting or UCR created in 1992 and the International Association of Police Chiefs is credited for its influences dating back to the 1920s to push for complete crime statistic yearly in order to combat the increasing crime rate. In the Uniform Crime Reporting system, there are seven main categories identified, manslaughter and non-negligent murder, burglary, aggravated assault forcible rape, larceny, arson, and motor vehicle theft. The Uniform Crime Report first was in January 1930, the UCR reported 400 cities throughout 43 states, covering more than 20 million individuals, approximately 20 percent of the total United States population. The city of Memphis is in the southwest portion of the state of TN. The city has a population as of September...
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...suspense over the years. Over the past five years, television shows like “Joe Kendra: Homicide Hunter” and “On the Case with Paula Zahn” have become my favorite. From watching those television shows, along with many others, I’ve become interested in pursuing a career in crime scene investigation. I feel that a career as a crime scene investigator will be of best fit for me because I’m fully aware of the reality and expectations of this career and I know that I can handle it. My interest in the crime scene started out in middle school when I started reading murder mystery novels by Joan Lowery Nixon. Her...
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...States" written by Charles Wellford. Wellford (20001) defines pathological gambling as “the inability to resist the impulse to gamble,” (p. 15, para. 2) and is an issue that many adults find themselves a victim of. He uses this article to educate the gambling community, along with their family and friends, of its negative effects and harmful consequences and also as a way to persuade those of influence to find this a matter of significance and conduct a more extensive comprehensive and scientific study of this addiction. The article begins with a brief history of gambling and its legalization, leading up to how it has progressed over the past 20 years. Wellford (2011) suggests that due the expanding games of chance and the different styles and forms, it has caused an increase in the amount of people wanting to gamble causing a shocking amount of over a half trillion dollars wagered collectively in America. Readers are then provided with the pros and cons of gambling. An active gambling enterprise can be beneficial to a community since it would mean increased job opportunities, higher property value, and enhanced tourism (Wellford, 2011, Benefits of Gambling section, p. 16, para. 2). With the good, comes the bad and then begins to explain the negative effects of pathological gambling and how it can lead the gambler down a path of self-destruction and ultimately a...
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...Measuring Crime Paper Eric Benet CJA/204 April 12, 2013 Measuring Crime Paper Recidivism is where an individual has a habit of committing the same crime time and time again. According to (www.pewtrusts.org), “Recidivism is the act of reengaging in criminal offending despite having been punished. The prison recidivism rate—the subject of this report—is the proportion of persons released from prison that are rearrested, reconvicted or returned to custody within a specific time period. Typically, recidivism studies follow released offenders for three years following their release from prison or placement on probation.” Most of ex-prisoners often have a problem adapting to society after being incarcerated for a long period of time and often find themselves back in prison once again. In the United States of America, more than half of incarcerated men and women are re-incarcerated. This rise in re-incarceration has been increasing dramatically over the past couple of years which has the prisons too crowded. This leads to an unhealthy environment for prisoners with the gang activity and crime that goes on inside of the prison walls. With the way crime rates and recidivism rates are raising it is clear to see that America is getting worse as time goes on. If more prisons aren’t built, then we either have to start releasing prisoners or find another way to deal with this issue. According to (www.csmonitor.com), “In the past 20 years, for instance, the murder rate in the United...
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...Drug Trafficking in the United States 7/7/15, 10:49 AM Almanac of Policy Issues Home : Policy Archive : Search Sponsored Listings Questia: Search over 400,000 books and journals at Questia online. FastWeb Free Scholarship Search: Find free money for college or an advanced degree. U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency Added May, 2004 Almanac Search Drug Trafficking in the United States Web The illegal drug market in the United States is one of the most profitable in the world. As such, it attracts the most ruthless, sophisticated, and aggressive drug traffickers. Drug law enforcement agencies face an enormous challenge in protecting the country's borders. Each year, according to the U.S. Customs Service, 60 million people enter the United States on more than 675,000 commercial and private flights. Another 6 million come by sea and 370 million by land. In addition, 116 million vehicles cross the land borders with Canada and Mexico. More than 90,000 merchant and passenger ships dock at U.S. ports. These ships carry more than 9 million shipping containers and 400 million tons of cargo. Another 157,000 smaller vessels visit our many coastal towns. Amid this voluminous trade, drug traffickers conceal cocaine, heroin, marijuana, MDMA, and methamphetamine shipments for distribution in U.S. neighborhoods. Diverse groups traffic and distribute illegal drugs. Criminal groups operating from South America smuggle cocaine and heroin into the United States...
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...Memorandum To: Attorney General Eric Holder CC: Department of Justice; U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime and Terrorism From: Kieran Wheeler Date: 2/28/2012 ------------------------------------------------- Re: S. 436 Fix Gun Checks Act of 2011: Policy Memo I. Abstract/ Executive Summary The Fix Gun Checks Act of 2011 is a bill that was proposed to the United States Senate by New York Senator Charles Schumer. The bill is meant to better ensure that individuals who are meant to be prohibited from purchasing firearms within the United States are unable to do so, by making sure that they are placed in a national background check database. This bill is meant to put an end to many of the gun-related incidents that have resulted in deaths in the United States as a result of individuals being able to purchase weapons although they would have otherwise been prohibited. Hopefully by financially penalizing those states that do not provide an adequate amount of information regarding those individuals who are prohibited from purchasing firearms, these states will start to abide by the bill. As a result, this bill should make the United States a safer place for all of its citizens. II. Introduction There is no doubt that firearms pose a major threat to the safety of criminal justice agencies and United States citizens alike. This holds especially true when these firearms fall into the hands of criminals or those who are simply unlicensed and...
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...Running Head: Hate Crime Analysis – Homosexuality Hate crime Analysis – Homosexuality CJA540 Nicole Paddock Eric Drennan October 18, 2010 Abstract Hate crimes are crimes that are motivated by prejudices. Hate crimes can be against people because of their race, religion, gender, or sexual orientation. Incidents of hate crime can be physical assault, property damage, bullying, harassment, verbal abuse, graffiti, and/or hate mail. This paper will discuss hate crime has it pertains to sexual orientation focusing on homosexual men. It will provide a brief description of why homosexuals are victimized and discuss two cases of hate crime. The paper will then talk about the restorative justice models that could be used to help and the best instrument to measure the victimization of homosexual men. The paper will conclude with discussing the criminological theory that best describes why there is victimization with homosexual men. Homosexuality and victimization have become two things that unfortunately go hand in hand. Homosexual men are the prime targets for those who commit hate crimes. “Past studies show that gay men are more likely to be the victim of violent crime than lesbians. Gay men are often targeted out in public such as attending gay bars and nightclubs and in neighborhoods that are predominately occupied by gay men” (Waldern-Haugrud & Berg, p. 4 2004). One of the reasons homosexual men are targeted is because homosexual men tend to be more...
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...Death as a punishment. Is it cruel and unusual? Or is it justified? According to Opposing Viewpoints, 32 of the states in the US have the death penalty legalized. With the majority of the states having the death penalty legalized, it is not hard to see why. By using the death penalty as a form of punishment, it helps to deter further murders, it helps to give closure to the victim's family, and costs much less to the government than keeping prisoners in prison without parole. "Let a parking meter expire, and you risk a $20 ticket; park in a handicapped spot, and risk a $200 ticket. Which violation are you less likely to commit?" (Jacoby). The use the death penalty helps to discourage further murder. In a study done by Professors Hashem Dezhbakhsh, Paul R. Rubin, and Joanna M. Shepherd at Emory University they found that "each execution, on average, results in 18 fewer murders." (Muhlhausen, Dezhbakhsh) The data was taken from 3,054 United States counties from 1977-1996. This data proves that someone is less likely to murder when they know that the consequence for their actions is death....
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...2010 / 2011 CSI Computer Crime and Security Survey 15th annual 2010/2011 Computer CrIme and SeCurIty Survey www.GoCSI.com 1 2010 / 2011 CSI Computer Crime and Security Survey by Robert Richardson, CSI Director 2010 / 2011 CSI Computer Crime and Security Survey With this document, the CSI Survey achieves its fifteen-year mark. Both the aims and format of the survey continue to evolve. As you’ll see in the findings that follow, many of the results reported by our respondents easily could have been predicted based on looking at results from the past several years. There has always been an almost surprising stability to answers about tools and methodology in this survey and this year is not an exception. What is different, broadly speaking, is that there is considerably more context within which these results may be interpreted. There are a number of very good reports of various kinds now available on the Web. All of them that we’re aware of, with the exception of this one, are either provided by vendors or are offered by analyst firms. That’s not to say that there’s anything wrong with these sources. A tremendous amount of useful information is offered in these various reports. But independent research seems fundamental and we believe the survey provides this. Beginning last year, there were three important changes to this survey. The first was that a “Comprehensive” edition was offered, one of its key objectives being to attempt to take other report findings...
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...Punishment Esther Sanchez CJ 230 09-20-14 Steve Nance Abstract These writing analysis will cover the state and federal objectives of punishment. It will also cover the state and federal corrections systems. And it would cover the determinate and indeterminate sentencing. It would also cover the model that I feel it was more appropriate and will have some examples. Principal objectives of punishment within the U.S. corrections system: Everyday many people attend court because of some criminal act they did. Everyday judges have to review all cases before deciding any sentence. The punishment of a felony is incarceration of a year or more. Misdemeanors are a little shorter, it can be incarceration of a year a less. For repetitive offenders they have something called three strikes law. The judges have many sentencing categories from where to choose. They have economic sanction where the individuals pay a fine or do community service to pay for the crime they committed. There is probation where they are let out to society but are supervised 24/7, which is what most of the judges give to first time offenders. There is also intermediate sanctions that are either imprisonment or probation, it might depend on the crime or the judge. Short term confinement which is a year or less in jail and then there is imprisonment which is a year or more and for many can even become...
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...Over the years many governments have exaggerated and have placed a certain stigma on marijuana and other drugs.They did this to protect the children of the future, an example is the U.S. government in the 1930s told the general public that a marijuana cigarette would result in death and that marijuana can increase violent tendencies. Laws that have been passed by many governments including the Canadian has created a broken system and politicians have been agreeing that this system is still working.The banning of marijuana resulted in the misuse of the justice system as lawyers pleaded that their defendant suffered from insanity due to the addictive properties of the marijuana cigarette. Hollywood played a role in increasing the stigma of marijuana...
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...Cybercrime Gabriela Peralta and James Walton CJA/204 April 5th, 2015 Robert Quesada Cybercrime The dark side of new technologies, as far as the justice system is concerned, is the potential they create for committing old crimes in new ways or for committing new crimes never before imagined; one of these ways is Cybercrime. Cybercrime is act of crime when using a computer and the Internet. Cybercrime, or computer crime, focuses on the information stored in electronic media, which is why it is sometimes referred to as information technology crime or info crime. This can be anything from downloading illegal music file to stealing money from online bank accounts. Cybercrime can also include non-monetary offenses, such as creating and distributing viruses on other computers or posting business information on the Internet that is meant to be confidential. There is no boundaries or jurisdictions when it comes to cybercrime ŞTEFAN, I. (2011). Below is three known cybercrimes though there are many more cybercrimes in the past and the future these are just a few. This cybercrime is considered being the biggest attack in US history. Five hackers hacked into companies like NASDAQ, Visa Inc., J.C. Penny Co, Jet blue airways Co, and Carrefour SA. They caused over 300 million to these companies. The hackers primarily wanted to steal and sale the 160 credit card numbers they stole from the companies. Authorities say each man had their own role, two hacked networks, another mined them for...
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...1 Organized Crime Group: The Gambino Family Melissa Castle CJA/384 June 11, 2012 Bryan Kaminski Introduction The organized crime group Learning Team A chose to conduct research on was The Gambino Family. Their entire organization was based in New York City. This paper will reflect the Gambino's national and multinational structure and operating methods pertaining to the drug business. Also a comparison of the Gambino's from their past to present role in prohibition, drug syndicates, political corruption, and other illicit activities will be examined. Over time, the Gambino family had various business interests that made them even more notable in the Italian Mafia history. National and multinational structure and operating methods, pertaining to the drug business. The Gambino family’s drug business structure and operating methods stem from very strong ties in the Sicilian Drug trade (Critchley, 2008). Until 1914, there were no real laws or boundaries against the drug industry in the United States of America (Critchley, 2008). The Boylan anti-drug Law, passed by the New York state legislature on March 28, 1914, was the first regulatory limitations seen against drugs. This law was not truly enforced until the 1920s, with legitimate businesses continuing to serve recreational drugs to addicts. This drug law was instituted because of the overwhelming numbers of innocent drug slaves, according to Charles B. Towns, the attorney who...
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...…………………………………………………………Page 3 Part One…………………………………………………………….Pages 4-9 Part Two…………………………………………………………….Pages 10-15 Bibliography……………………………………………………….Pages 16-21 Questions Country Case Study You are required to write a 2000 word report which provides a critical assessment of the labour market of a particular country. You will be allocated the country in the seminar in week 1. If you have not attended this seminar, then you need to consult the module leader to obtain the country you will cover. Part 1 of the report (worth 40% of the marks) requires you to provide a statistical profile of your allocated country’s labour market and present an overview of the most important trends and developments in this country’s labour market over the past decade. Part 2 of the report (worth 60% of the marks) requires you to provide a critical review of the particular situation in your country of NEETs – young people not in employment, education or training. Specifically, using appropriate economic concepts, you should analyse the causes and consequences of being NEET. Your analysis should also critically comment on existing policy solutions and make relevant proposals to improve future policy directions. Part 1: ‘A labour market can be understood as the mechanism through which human labour is bought and sold as a commodity and the means by which labour demand (the number...
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