1. Describe the major premises of the three branches of social process theory – social learning theory, social control theory, and social reaction (labeling) theory?

Social learning theories assume that people are born good and learn to be bad; social control theory assumes that people are born bad and must be controlled in order to be good; and social reactions theory assumes that whether good or bad, people are shaped, directed, and influenced by the evaluations of others.

2. Travis Hirschi links the onset of criminality to the weakening of the ties that bind people to society. Identify and discuss the elements of the social bond and how they impede crime.

Hirshi links the onset of criminality to weakening of the ties that bind people to society. He assumes that all individuals are potential law violators, but most are kept under control because they fear that illegal behavior ill damage their realationships with friends, family, neighbors, teachers, and employers. Without these social bonds, or ties, a person is free to commit criminal acts. Across all ethnic, religious, racial, and social groups, people whose bond to society is weak may fall prey to criminogenic behavior patterns. Hirschi argues that the social bond a person maintains with society is disvided into four main elements: attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief.

3. Discuss the key points of labeling theory and the consequences of labeling, Include in your discussion the concepts of primary and secondary deviance.

The labeling theory has 3 points, Behaviors that are considered criminal are highly subjective, Crime is defined by those in power, and not only acts are labeled but also people. According to Lemert, Primary deviance involves norms violations or crimes that have little influence on the actor and can be quickly forgotten. In contrast,