...assignment October 27, 2011 CJA/204 In the following paragraphs choice theories will be described as well as how they specifically relate to crime. Common models on how society determines which acts are or are not criminal in nature and how they impact choice theories directly will also be made known in this paper. The first topic at hand is choice theories. What are choice theories? According to Wikipedia (2011) “the term choice theory is the work of William Glasser, MD, author of the book so named, and is the culmination of some 50 years of theory and practice in psychology and counseling. Choice Theory posits that behavior is central to our existence and is driven by five genetically driven needs, similar to those of Abraham Maslow: Survival (food, clothing, shelter, breathing, personal safety and others) and four fundamental psychological needs: Belonging/connecting/love, Power/significance/competence, Freedom/autonomy, and, Fun/learning” So in short it is safe to say that choice theories would be perspectives on crime causes states that criminal activities are the after thoughts of a conscious decision or choice. Choice theory is also known as rational choice theory. Rational choice theory is when a criminal feels the need to defy the law even though they know the consequences do not outweigh the benefit of doing so. Choice theory states that there is a central behavior to our existence and this is driven by five needs....
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...Criminal Justice Integration 1. Criminal Justice Integration Paper Criminal Justice Integration 2. Introduction Learning Team A has agreed on a number of things to be discussed in our paper. Organizational structure of the criminal justice system, agency policies: inclusive of statutory authorities, budgets: projected revenue sources and expenditures, communication, technology, and cultural or sub-cultural aspects of organization. The development of improved interactions between security agencies, courts, law enforcement personnel as well as community and institutional corrections over the next 15 years need fragile focus and planning. Agency policies of each of the above organizations must cast back the certain needs of the population change. The funds of these organizations play a easily pained role in the enlarged portion of what can and cannot be given to communities. Open and close up transmission of severe information between criminal justice material could bring about problems if they are not trustworthy. They must rely on one another for support. Criminal Justice Integration 3...
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...The Role of Sociology in Criminal Justice A person cannot avoid the experience of making decisions from a list full of options and choices in this life. The choices that an individual makes are vital in determining the shape his or her later life will take. Making the choice to attend or not to attend college is one of the choices a high school graduate has to make. It is essential for an individual standing at the cross roads after high school to be visionary in making a decision to join a college. Attending college is worth it because the knowledge obtained cannot be taken away from you. College education contributes significantly to the person development. College learning is both inside and outside classroom. The college experiences are a reminder that adulthood comes with more responsibility. In addition, it instills in a person the virtue that it is essential to work hard for one to succeed. There exist studies that support the need for a student to attend college. In a survey investigating the importance of college education today as compared to high school education, it was found that almost 90% of the respondents admitted that college education is important. The presentation of this paper agrees with these findings. With the changing societal needs, college education has become important like high school education. Therefore, the perception toward college education makes it important. There are other ways in which attending a college is important. First, college...
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...Review Introduction The NSW Government greets the Noetic Group’s tactical appraisal of the New South Wales Juvenile Justice organization. The Government admits the Report’s judgment that the figure of young citizens in protection is increasing, it is essential for the demonstration of Aboriginal young community in safe keeping and those additional successful choices might be accessible to decrease recidivism surrounded by immature people. As the account notes, efficiently dropping juvenile offense is a multifaceted responsibility want a strategic move toward and synchronized action across government organizations, non-government organizations, and the society. Recommendations Reply to Report Recommendations proof- based advanced Efforts to decrease juvenile wrong should have their foundation on the obtainable embodiment. The Government powerfully sustains this approach. The Report submits to a broad variety of national as well as worldwide research on policies to decrease juvenile offending behavior and plans to sketch together the available body of confirmation on answers to the minor offense. The Government looks for out evidence on active young fairness practice from many sources counting interior research as well as reviews, other jurisdictions – national and international, academic, non-government associations and the Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research (BOCSAR). The confirmation base for all new legislation, policy and agenda is focus on rigorous assessment within Government...
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...Factors persuading criminal justice staff conduct paper University of Phoenix Factors persuading criminal justice staff conduct paper Many things play a role influencing how criminal justice officers will act and how the actions will affect the criminal justice system and the society that they have to protect and serve on a daily basis because of the influences of their actions. In the paper, it will be discussed the assess risk, responsibility, and financial effect working together with discretionary power worked out. By staff in the criminal justice system, and What part does a civilian oversight committee have in guaranteeing authoritative forces not manhandled as it applies to policies, procedures, risk, monetary elements, and discretion. Assess obligation, responsibility, and financial effect working together with discretionary power practiced by staff in the criminal justice system. Every organization to attain and maintain, a culture of honest a more efficient model with discipline has to apply also sustained. The administrators must embrace the new paradigm with self-accountability for each staff member one of them were head managers are not free from which means. The objectives should be to obtain self-accountability rather than just making officers liable following their act of indiscretion. Even though punishing staff members, for violating a policy that includes each tradition also common sense. There are more than numerous various approaches which could...
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...Policy Analysis III- Compare and Contrast Paper Brandy Alston University of Phoenix Criminal Justice Management Theory and Practice CJA/464 Professor Leroy Hendrix October 10, 2013 Policy Analysis III- Compare and Contrast Paper The reason for policy analysis reflects around the assessment of policies from the government by critiquing the failures and successes. The United States implement several policies to deal with criminal activity and social issues, for instance The United States Human Trafficking Policy, this policy is not a successful one but this policy is steadily improving with sustainable reform. The criminal justice system practice the model of Packard’s Due Process, established with the promise form the United States Constitution for individuals civil liberties and rights. This paper will evaluate the issues that courts and law enforcement deals with while working and implementing prior polices. United States Human Trafficking Policy Human trafficking is a tough crime to identify, because of the existence and the transnational nature of an increasingly sophisticated arrangement in assisting organize crime. Trafficking in person is most productive agency in international crimes. According to the United States Justice Department (2001), International Labor Organization predicts that 17,500 individuals are trafficked annually in the United States. The United States had numerous legal advantages to stop human trafficking, mainly using...
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...Criminal Justice System Lessons Learned Post 9/11 The purpose of this paper is to discuss the importance of interagency collaboration in the criminal justice system, the changes that were made and lessons learned following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. In the wake of the events that followed the 9/11 attacks many problems were revealed within the criminal justice system, especially those affecting the law enforcement community. One of those problems was the lack of interaction between the police departments and other local/state law enforcement with the federal law enforcement agencies. Local law enforcement agencies are the primary responders to any incident of crime or terror, therefore developing a better interagency collaboration in order to share information is essential in order to prevent future attacks. Prior to the 9/11 attacks many of the agencies believed in keeping information within their own realm due to protocols and security clearances. These criminal justice agencies each had pieces to a puzzle, but because these agencies never worked together, those pieces would never be put together to reveal the bigger picture. The 9/11 events revealed the lack of interaction and set about a positive change that would impact the way the criminal justice system approached their problem solving. One of those changes was the reorganization of the federal law enforcement agencies, including the creation of the Department of Homeland Security and the Transportation...
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...Effective Communication Martin Roth CJA/304 July 24th, 2014 Douglas Campbell Effective Communication What is communication? The term “communication” in a broad sense is how one listens and corresponds with others. Though there are many definitions of the term everyone may have their own general idea what it is to communicate as well as understand what is being communicated to them. In this paper the author will be discussing some major points such as the process of verbal and nonverbal communication, differences between listening and hearing, formal and informal channels of communication associated with criminal justice, barriers in effective communication, and strategies that may be implemented to overcome those barriers. In order for people to communicate effectively there is a process that involves verbal and nonverbal communication. Within this process there are 5 steps that are followed. The first step is transmitting and idea. This is the forming of one or more thoughts. The expression of the idea is an intentional act put forth by the person with the formed idea. The second step is sending the idea through a medium. There are several different ways to send the message and they are as follows: orally, in writing, or by action. Sending a message that is written vs. orally can make a major difference in how it is understood. When sending a message orally the tone of one’s voice can dictate to another how the message should be taken. Thirdly is receiving...
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...“Privatizing conflicts”. Concerns with restorative justice Table of content Introduction 2 1 The appeal of restorative justice 3 2 Privatizing conflicts 5 2.1 Legal sphere concerns with privatizing conflicts 5 2.2 Feministic concerns with privatizing conflicts 8 3 Underexplored pitfalls 11 Conclusion 12 References 14 Introduction This paper is written within the framework of the master course ‘Restorative Justice’. It aims to be an academic reflection on some of the concepts educated throughout these classes.[1] The literature on restorative justice is extensive and therefore the case for it will not be made again here. Basic notions will not be repeated in this paper. The majority of criminologists already accept the letdown of the current criminal justice system on certain accounts; problems have been solidly exposed and opponents of restorative justice have been constantly defending the need for their rationale. Perceived advantages are well-known and have been documented soundly. But this work attempts to look beyond the reform minded and optimistic spirit that most of the restorative body of thought (rightfully) carries. Certain less obvious aspects of the theory might be underconceptualized, overlooked or taken for granted. Taking the concern of some more critical authors that restorative justice processes ‘privatize’ conflicts as a starting point, it will be explored whether or not this privatizing...
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...Research Process and Terminology Paper Name CJA/334 - RESEARCH METHODS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE Date Instructor Research Process and Terminology When I hear the word research, I usually think of scientists in a lab wearing white lab gowns but, this is not always the case in the Criminal Justice field. Research can be used to fight crime, prove evidence in court or even help improve police response without the city. There are many terminology’s that has to be known to be successful when working in the field. How will this new terminology and knowledge apply to a career in criminal justice? There are hundreds of jobs within the criminal justice field. This new terminology will help throughout the research and will and aid in whichever branch or specialty the person is undertaking. The Terminology will help the person understand the different performances of the research and how it can be applied to his or her performance in job duties. This will give anyone a better understanding for research and how it should be carried out to assist them How will not knowing the proper terminology affect you as you conduct criminal justice research? Anyone that works in the criminal justice field knows that at any time people rely on the system to help them when needed. The system basically has control of all our lives and can determine what may happen next. Not knowing the proper terminology can have a huge effect on someone’s life, safety, and can even death...
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...Research Process and Terminology Paper 334 CJA June 13, 2011 Research Process and Terminology Terminology in any profession is key to understanding what is being done and why. Many professions have their own way or methods of research. Not knowing the proper terminology can affect one’s job. One’s that know the terminology and methods have a wide range throughout their job when evaluating and analyzing research. Research is the process of collecting and analyzing information, and includes any gathering of data, information, and facts for the advancement of knowledge. Once the professional has become familiar with the terminology used in the research process, the professional will be able to provide technical reports, academic concepts, and provide the discoveries of his or her research. When does research process begin? It begins with problem formulation. Problem formulation is to review, selection, and specification of the area to be investigated. Researchers organize research by formulating and defining a research problem, which is the main issue of the research in most cases. Before attempting to solve a problem, researchers must first define the problem as in any problem. The more difficult it is to define the problem, the harder he or she has to try. Once the problem formulation is complete, researchers can stay focused on the research process. Second is research design. Research designs are the type of experimental or non-experimental...
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...County: Going Paperless Harris County: Going Paperless Managerial Applications of Information Technology OVERVIEW OF THE ORGANIZATION The Harris County Juvenile Probation Department is committed to the protection of the public, utilizing intervention strategies that are community-based, family-oriented and least restrictive while emphasizing responsibility and accountability of both parent and child. As part of our core values we value the belief that everyone is to be treated with dignity and respect. We believe that each person has innate worth, dignity and capacity for positive change. We value services that are ethical, effective and culturally competent. We hold high and promote a positive image of the department, the employees and our role within the community. We take pride in an environment that promotes initiative, productivity, teamwork and professional growth. We uphold to an atmosphere which stresses tolerance and is free of discrimination. We strive in developing collaborative efforts with judicial, legislative and community partners. The Harris County Juvenile Probation Department operates a Leadership Academy, a Detention Center, a secure residential treatment center and a non-secure residential treatment center. ( hcjpd. Org, 2009). The Texas Family Code, Chapter 58 requires that agencies in Texas report juvenile criminal history to the Department of Public Safety in Austin beginning January 1, 1996. The Harris County Juvenile Probation Department...
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...Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary CJA 384 January 29, 2012 Patrick Cote Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary Within the criminal justice field there are two different types of organizations and those organizations are bureaucratic and patron-client organizations. This paper will discuss the several assorted reasons why and how the bureaucratic and patron-client organizations are different. The patron-client organization chooses to break the law. On the other hand, the bureaucratic organizations are those that are there to enforce it. Although there are many differences between these two organizations, they also have commonalities. This paper will address so many more ways that make these two unique types of organizations different. A patron-client organization is an assembly of criminal patrons who swapped information and assembled a successful network between the main bosses and important political figures. The patron-client network is usually structured using a hierarchy system and consists of one main boss, an underboss, an advisor, captains, and members. The main boss hands down commands to the underboss. The underboss relates the information to captains, who also have lackeys to do the dirty work. All members of a patron-client organization must go through prior initiation. Moreover, patron-client organizations are similar to a very close family in the top tier. When it comes to the lower level, with the members, that tightness spreads out some. With...
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...Research Process and Terminology Paper TerryAnn Powell-Joyner CJA 334 February 12, 2012 Stacey L. Callaway, Esq. What is research? Research has any different definitions, but basically research is the investigation and gathering of information, data, and facts to gain knowledge on a specific subject. Research takes diligence, and where the information is found plays a big part on the credibility of the research. The research process involves ways and strategies that enable researchers to analyze and understand the researched information. The research process involves a dedicated system of scientific methodology that can be used by researchers to arrive at the right conclusions. Some terminology learned in this week’s reading includes statistics, population, census, sample, subjects, variables, margin of error, and bias. Statistics has many uses, but perhaps its most important purpose is to help us make good decisions about issues that involve uncertainty. Speaking of statistics, some may ask what statistics are. The meaning of statistics in singular form is the science that helps bring meaning and understanding to the collection, organization, and interpreting of data. When speaking of statistics in plural form it is the actual data that is used to describe the information. In the language of statistics, population refers to the statistical study of the entirety of the characteristic that the study is focused on. While population is usually seen as a group...
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...Abstract The aim of this dissertation, which is based on secondary research involving analysing a range of books, journal articles, Government publications, newspaper articles and videos, is to critically examine the position of the victim in the criminal justice system. The paper looks at the role of political interests in establishing victimfocus policies and the direction towards their placement at the heart of the justice system. This includes the managerialistic values, modernization of the Government and covering-up of punitive measures taken against the offender that all point to the political rhetoric around the centeredness of the victim. Furthermore, the view of traditional justice is accounted for in order to get a grasp of the many underlying factors that can be attributed to the so called rebirth and the consequent concentration on the victim. The paper firstly discusses characteristics of victims, the impact of crime on victims and also their needs for a better understanding of who they are and what can be done to help them. Particular attention is drawn to stereotypes associated with victims and constructions of the ideal victim. Secondly, the adversarial nature of English justice and implications for victims are discussed, as well as some tensions between the interests of the offender and the victim, and the opposed nature of the two. Procedural and service rights especially play an important role in defining whether victims are given appropriate...
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