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Ari Nummela and Heikki Rusko carried out this study from the research institute for Olympic Sports in Jyvaskyla, Finland. For this study, they hypothesized that living at altitude would improve the performance of athletes that compete in the 400-meter dash at sea level. Altitude training is a form of exercise that athletes use to enhance their performance. When training at a greater altitude, it is more difficult for oxygen to reach the muscles because of the thin air. After the training period, a return to sea level can lead a body to acclimatize to the lower level of oxygen, which results in improving the delivery of more oxygen to the muscles and an increase of their VO2 max. Athletes from many different sports use this kind of training to aid them. However, there is debate in which altitude might just have a physiological benefit. Critics question whether it is just a psychological advantage that helps athlete’s performance once they return back to sea level. Nummela and Rusko’s aim of this study was to “establish the effects of living high and training low on sea-level performance in sprint athletes”(2000, p411). The chosen subjects were made up of eighteen 400m runners or hurdlers, all of which were well-trained and performing at high intensities (Nummela & Rusko, 2000,p412). The participating subjects were split into two groups for the study: six men and two women, who ran for the Finnish national team. They were required to live at altitude and to train at sea level, while the remaining ten men both lived and trained at sea level (Nummela & Rusko, 2000,p412). The average age of the group living at the altitude house was 21.8 years of age, while the average age of the sea level group was 21.9 years of age (Nummela & Rusko, 2000,p412).). The study was conducted over two lengthy years. Two annual outdoor seasons were used, both consecutively in

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