...t Critical Appraisal # 1 Theoretical Framework a. The study framework was clearly identified as Bandura‟s (1986) Self-Efficacy Theory, which is a substantive theory (Burns & Grove, 2009). b. The discussion of the framework is limited with the linking of the concept of self-efficacy to the independent variable of the nurse-coached IMT. No model of the framework is provided. The major study concepts include: situational demands, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, enactive attainment, performance accomplishment, and enhanced self-efficacy. Variable Identification and Definitions Independent variable: Home-based nurse coached IMT Intervention Conceptual definition: “Bandura‟s Self-Efficacy Theory guided the intervention for the experimental group (IMT)… Vicarious experiences for the IMT group were accomplished by observing the demonstration of the tack of using the Threshold Device, thus „modeling‟ the instruction and demonstration provided by the RA. Performance accomplishment was achieved by „mastering‟ the technique of inspiring into the device with a nose clip in place… thus providing tangible evidence of progress” (Padula et al., 2009, p. 21). Operational definition: “The Threshold Device (Healthscan) was used for resistive IMT breathing training… Training consisted of demonstration by the RAs, with return demonstration at baseline followed by a week of device use…” The study intervention was detailed in Padula et al. (2009, p. 20) CRITICAL APPRAISAL #...
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...Did the authors of the Houck et al. (2011) study possess the research, education, and clinical expertise to conduct this study? Yes, the authors of the Houck et al. (2011) study possess the research, education, and clinical expertise to conduct a study regarding children with ADHD and behavioral symptoms. This study was published in a reliable resource, the Journal of Pediatric Nursing. The study was performed by a group of highly educated nurses that possessed masters and doctorate level certifications. Gail Houck PhD, RN, PMHNP is a professor of child and family nursing at The University of Washington. Judy Kendall, PhD, RN is a nursing scholar from the Oregon Health and Science University. Both of these doctorate level nurses have a background working with children. The writing of this article was partially funded by a grant from the National Institute of Nursing research, again a highly reliable source. The article documents findings and conclusions that appear to show reliable and valid results. What is the purpose in the Houck et al. (2011) study and what is the purpose for the Imes et al. (2011) study? The purpose of Houck et al (2011) study was to research children with ADHD that exhibit behavioral symptoms and explore if there is a correlation between the behavioral symptoms and self-concept. The purpose of the research appears to be valid and the design of the study appears to answer the purpose of the study. The purpose of the Ismes et al (2011) study was to describe...
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...comprehensive critical appraisal of a research paper titled ‘Chloramphenicol treatment for acute infective conjunctivitis in children in primary care’ that was carried out by Rose et al. (2005) in the United Kingdom (UK). The aim of evaluation is to critically concentrate on the strength and limitation of the study. Firstly, a clear definition of critical appraisal and its importance will be highlighted, going on further will be the critical, analysis, discussion and evaluation of the peer reviewed paper contents so as to ascertain the validity and reliability of the study. Therefore, a conclusion will be drawn to learning its significance in public health. BACKGROUND Critical Appraisal...
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...EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE BENCY GNANASIGHAMANI AMERICAN SENTINEL UNIVERSITY Introduction Medical and health care is one of the most dynamic human disciplines, and large amounts of money are spent annually on high-quality and sophisticated research, resulting in an exponential growth in health care literature. Regularly, new and more effective medicines, medical devices, and procedures are invented. One major objective behind all these efforts is to help doctors, nurses, and medical technicians provide the best possible care and treatment to patients. In addition to using traditional and well-established procedures and practices, health care practitioners are adopting innovative interventions that are based on best practices as well as solid research-based evidence. Evidence-based practice is one such technique and is quickly gaining popularity due to its potential to effectively handle clinical issues and provide better patient care (ANA 2003). Implementation of Evidence Based Practice places additional demands on nurses to apply credible evidence to individual client situations through searching related evidence, using clinical judgments, and considering client values and system resources. To effectively apply the Evidence Based Practice process, in addition to the basic skills required to undertake nursing work, a nurse must have the ability to: identify knowledge gaps, formulate relevant questions, conduct an efficient...
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...Critical Appraisal of Guideline Critical Appraisal of Guideline Appraisal Tool The tool chosen to appraise the guideline is called the AGREE II (http://www.agreetrust.org/). The purpose of the AGREE II is to examine the quality of guidelines through a step-by-step approach as to what and how information is presented in a guideline. The step-by-step approach is completed via twenty three steps which are categorized into 6 domains. Domain one addresses the overall scope and purpose of the guideline. Domain two is concerned with the stakeholders’ involvement and how the intended users view the guideline. Domain three pertains to the rigor of development of the guideline through eight steps which cover the method of evidence synthesis. Domain four deals with the clarity of the presentation throughout the guideline. Domain five is titled applicability, and it focuses on barriers and facilitators in applying the guideline. Domain six is titled editorial independence and evaluates whether the guideline is free from biases. Guideline The guideline chosen for appraisal is Diagnosis and management of headache in adults. A national clinical guideline (http://www.guideline.gov/content.aspx?id=13446#Section396). Critique Domain one: The guideline presents evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of headaches in adults. The health questions covered by the guideline are located in the annex of the ¬¬¬¬¬original guideline, and the target population, interventions...
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...Quantitative Research Article Critical Appraisal Overview The article by Eyikara and Baykara (2018) titled Effect of Simulation on the Ability of First Year Nursing Students to Learn Vital Signs focuses on the influence simulation has on first-year nursing students' ability to learn vital signs (Eyikara & Baykara, 2018, pg. 101). I chose this article because I recently shadowed a former co-worker of mine who is now a college professor. I was able to observe students during simulation exercises, and I quickly realized how important simulation is for nursing students. I did not have the same amount of simulation when I was in nursing school as students do now, so I am interested in learning all I can about the research behind using it as an effective teaching method. Problem Statement There is lack of research in the area of how cognitive and psychomotor skills are obtained, in combination with the measurement of vital signs in adults with measurement of knowledge scores (Eyikara & Baykara, 2018). The problem statement wasn't stated in a bold way, but after the background information was expressed in the literature review, it was easy...
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...Critical Appraisal #1 of Scott, Hofmeister, Rogness, and Rogers Article The University of Texas at Arlington College of Nursing Shirley McKenzie-Pace In partial fulfillment of the requirements for N5301 Research in Nursing Susan K. Grove, PhD, RN, ANP-BC, GNP-BC July 12, 2014 Critical Appraisal #1 Theoretical Framework The study framework is not clearly identified; however, a tentative theory is proposed since a tentative theory “has had minimal exposure to critique by the discipline, and has had little testing, (Burns and Grove, 2009). The conceptual framework is limited to the model impaired sleep. The linking of the concept impaired sleep to independent variables of the fatigue countermeasures program for nurses (FCMPN). The FCMPN in this study was “modeled after the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center’s Fatigue Countermeasures Program and the Sleep, Alertness, and Fatigue Education in Residency Program” (Scott et al., 2010, p. 253). The major study concepts include: “sleep deprivation (inadequate sleep), sleep disruption (fragmented sleep), lifestyle situation, and health related issues” (p. 251). There is no map or model of the impaired sleep model purposed by Lee et al., 2004 (as cited in Scott et al., 2010) in the article; however, there is a diagram of the conceptual framework for the FCMPN. Variable Identification and Definitions The research variables that Scott et al. (2010) observed and measured were the FCMPN, sleep...
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...HEALTH CARE WORKERS HAND DECONTAMINATION PRACTICES: A QUANTITATIVE STUDY CRITICAL APPRAISAL: INTRODUCTION: The problem of hospital acquired infection is identified, effort have been made to eradicate or reduce the rates of receiving. The aim of the article notes the study of healthcare workers hand washing practices from behavioural aspect. LITERATURE REVIEW: Researcher analyse various articles that describes the rates of hospital acquired infection that obtained from 6-15% of hospital admission. It also states 10-32% of acquired infection have been found in the intensive care unit (ICU).One of the study claim it is important to understand the rates can be reduced by up to one-third if the healthcare workers go along with the guidelines issued by CDC ( Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).Likewise, the factors that provide to healthcare workers non-compliance with hand washing guidelines have been identified ,such as inaccessible equipment, lack of time, busyness and deleterious effects on skin. Intervention to improve such as provision of an educational programmes, motivational programme and patient educational programmes have been enabled. After all, the researchers have concluded the hand washing compliance rates of health workers are difficult to change, therefore it can be argued that maintained improvement of compliance with guidelines requires a multi-faceted approach. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: ...
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...Was it really “rapid” or was it more of a laborious process? The rapid critical appraisal process is a very important tool to keep focusing on the main problem, in addition of solving problem by integrates the best evidence from the studies, (Melnyk, Fineout-Overholt, Stillwell, Williamson, 2010); however, it is not rapid at all. it is a laborious process, and it does not guarantee quality of information. Unfortunately, it is a time-consuming process. In addition, this process never been introduced in this program before. Did reading the abstract help you make quick decisions about including or excluding the study? Yes, the abstract summarizes the major aspects of the whole paper such as the purpose of the study, the basic design of the study,...
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...1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 TITLE A Critical Appraisal of the Motivational Practices employed within the NLS environment. 1.2 Organizational Background The NLS organization can be considered a large statutory authority that provides information services within the context of education. 1.2.1 Problem Definition Several factors currently affect the NLS employee at the individual level that impact on his or her performance as a service provider. Motivation is as crucial to NLS employees as to any other. There is an inherent problem of low motivation among the staff of the NLS that is reflected in below average employee productivity, high rates of absenteeism and turnover, low morale and an unwillingness to give extra effort. Thus, it is important to understand the fundamental needs and desires of NLS employees which can be manipulated and stimulated to achieve positive motivation. As argued by Almer, Higgs and Hooks (2005), there are factors other than pay that motivate individuals to work in organisations. 1.2.2 Research Question To what extent do motivational strategies affect organisational efficiency at the NLS and what approaches can be undertaken to improve them in the future. 1.3 Methodology This paper will attempt to identify key factors of motivation for NLS employees and proffer an explanation of how to adequately motivate them to contribute an optimal effort to the organisation’s objectives. This will be accomplished by the use of secondary data, academic...
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...Critical Appraisal Guidelines: Qualitative - Part 2 Amanda T. Creel Grand Canyon University: NRS – 433V June 9, 2013 The research article reviewed was “Ultrasound – Guided Peripheral Venous Access vs. the External Jugular Vein as the Initial Approach to the Patient with Difficult Vascular Access” by T.G. Costantino MD, J. F. Kirtz MD, and W. A. Satz MD. Intravenous (IV) access is commonly performed in the Emergency Department (ED). In patients with difficult access, physicians are frequently called upon to perform these procedures. Physicians should be familiar with both the external jugular (EJ) IV technique and the ultrasound – guided IV (USIV) peripheral access techniques. Some hospitals have specialized team of nurses that have been educated and trained on the proper way to establish an EJ IV and/or USIV. This study examined both techniques and collected data to establish which techniques was better for the patient. Protection of Human Participants Risks and Benefits Addressed by the Authors The benefit of this study was to spare the ED patient with difficult veins from having to receive a central venous line. The infection rate is higher in a central line than a peripheral IV line. The use of USIV will also decrease the number or IV attempts instead of a central line. While this decreased the actual number of IV attempts, it still had some risks. One major risk is arterial punctures. The other risks include nerve irritation and hematomas at the site of both USIV...
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...assessment. This difference could be due to bias, prejudice, or other subjective, extraneous influences. 2) _______ A) content validity B) a first-impression effect C) rating error D) the performance appraisal process 3) In 2009, employees were expected to earn average merit increases of what percent? 3) _______ A) 8.3% B) 2.9% C) 5.2% D) 1.3% 4) Management by objective is part of which type of performance appraisal system? 4) _______ A) behavioral observation scale B) behaviorally-anchored rating scale C) goal-oriented system D) trait system 5) This occurs when a rater generalizes good performance behavior in one aspect of the job to all aspects of the job. 5) _______ A) negative halo effect B) positive halo effect C) first-impression effect D) similar-to-me effect 6) Which comparison system requires the rater to place a specific number of employees into groups that represent the entire range of performances? 6) _______ A) the critical incident technique B) hierarchical C) paired comparison D) forced distribution 7) Among the various performance appraisal techniques, this appraisal system is the most defensible in court...
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...actions. Performance appraisal is the ongoing process of evaluating and managing both the behavior and outcomes in the organization (Carrell, Elbert & Hatfield, 2008). It is not a process that happens once a year or every six months, but one that happens every day. Stripped to its essentials, performance appraisal always involves setting work standards, assessing the employees’ actual performance relative to those standards, and providing feedback to the employees with the aim of motivating him or her to eliminate performance deficiencies or to continue to perform above par (Dessler, 2011). Indeed, performance appraisals are widely used for administrating wages and salaries, giving performance feedback, and identifying individual employee strengths and weaknesses (Mathis & Jackson, 2011). Definition of Performance Appraisal P erformance appraisal is the process of evaluating the behavior of the employees in the work place (Maxwell, 1992). This process assumes that the employees are aware of their performance standards, and that the supervisor also provides the employees with the feedback, development, and incentives required to help the person eliminate performance deficiencies. Basically, performance appraisal is intended to engage, align, and coalesce individual and group effort to continually improve overall organizational mission accomplishment (Vance, 2006). According to Dessler (2012, p. 332), “Performance appraisal means evaluating an...
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...Performance management: Performance management is the integration of performance appraisal systems with broader human resource systems as a means of aligning employees work behaviors with the organization’s goals. This performance management guidance relates to the management of employee performance (i.e., planning, developing, monitoring, rating, and rewarding employee contributions), rather than performance-based or performance-oriented approaches to managing, measuring, and accounting for agency program performance. While these concepts can and should be linked and integrated, they remain distinct in some respects, particularly with regard to establishing individual accountability and dealing with poor performers. Performance Appraisal: Performance Appraisal is the part of the performance assessment and management process in which an employee’s contribution to the organization during a specified period of time is assessed. Performance feedback lets employees know how well they have performed in comparison with the standards of the organization. Delivering and receiving performance feedback can be an emotionally laden process that dramatically affects employees attitudes toward the organization and themselves. Performance management is the systematic process by which an agency involves its employees, as individuals and members of a group, in improving organizational effectiveness in the accomplishment of agency mission and goals. Employee performance management includes: ...
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...Methods of Performance Appraisal BBA (day) Course Code: 602 Course Title Submitted by Assoc.prof. Md.Rafiqul Islam Faculty of business studies Dhaka international university Prepared By Mahbub Alam Roll:-43 Reg:-241063 Batch:-33/A BBA (day) Session:-2010-2011 Human resource management Page 1 Methods of Performance Appraisal A. Concept B. What performance Appraisal? C. About Performance Appraisal D. The performance Appraisal process. E. Objectives of Performance Appraisal. F. The Four Phases. G. Method of Performance Appraisal. i. ii. Past Oriented Methods Future Oriented Methods 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Rating Scales: Checklist: Forced Choice Method: Forced Distribution Method: Critical Incidents Method: Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scales: Field Review Method: Performance Tests & Observations: Confidential Records: Essay Method Cost Accounting Method: Comparative Evaluation Method (Ranking & Paired Comparisons): i. Ranking Methods ii. Paired Comparison Methods H. Formula Of Performance Appraisal I. Conclusion Human resource management Page 2 Methods of Performance Appraisal C ONCEPT Agencies are required by the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 to establish program goals and report organizational performance to stakeholders, including the Office of Management and Budget and the Congress. This creates pressure to use methods that improve organizational performance and maximize goal achievement. Using...
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