This approach is influenced by Karl Marx, a German intellectual and all critical theorists. Believed that critique would reveal fundamental truths about human social condition. See theory as a force that can emancipate individuals from dominating organizations. Consider how employees resist organizational dominance. Encourage organizational transformation.
Key concept

* Power * Power relationships * Emancipation * Resistance

Basically, individuals are always conscious of who has the power and who has control over whom. Traditional approach
Considers power with control over resources or with hierarchical status Symbolical approach
Views power as a product of communicative interactions and relationships * Ideology

Refers to the taken-for-granted assumptions about reality that influence perception of situations and events.
Shapes our understanding about what exists, what is good, and what is possible.
Involves assumptions that are rarely questioned: hierarchy is necessary & useful.
Can influence our behaviors. Tied to systems of power and domination

* Hegemony

Process in which dominant group leads another group to accept subordination as the norm * Workers support hierarchical structures because that’s the right way to go * Shapes ideology to achieve acceptance and participation of the subordinated group in the control process Process in which dominant group leads another group to accept subordination as the norm * Workers support hierarchical structures because that’s the right way to go * Shapes ideology to achieve acceptance and participation of the subordinated group in the control process

* Emancipation * Is the goal of the critical model * Liberation of people from unnecessarily restrictive traditions, ideologies,