The bacterial contamination of PIF could be either natural, in a way that it occurred throughout manufacturing and packaging processes. It could also be extraneous, due to the process of reconstructing the formula using infected or non-sterile utensils, as spoons. Multiple Cronobacter infections and eruptions could be tracked back to infected PIF (Muytjens et al 1983; Van Acker et al. 2001; Himelright et al. 2002). The temperature abuse of reconstituted or prepared formula, discussed in Section …, is also a crucial matter in these cases.
Outbreaks and medical cases associated with formula-fed infants have led to issuing PIF products’ market recalls, which cited Cronobacter contamination. The first recall happened due to the 2001 Tennessee outbreak (Himelright et al. 2002). A recent one, however, occurred in December, 2011, when Walmart recalled a PIF product, as a response to the shocking death of an infant in Missouri, USA (CDC 2011). …show more content…
2007). Cronobacter spp. can withstand desiccated and dry conditions of PIF for a period of at least two years, and upon its reconstruction, rapid growth will become inevitable (Osaili and Forsythe, 2009; Caubilla-Barron et al. 2007). Having affected and taken new born lives, the concern over PIF’s contamination with Cronobacter had been seriously addressed in the last two to three decades (Caubilla-Barron et al. 2007). For this purpose, the manufacturing process of PIF and few critical points of contamination will be briefly