...A cross-national validation of the consumer-based brand equity scale Isabel Buil Department of Economy and Business Studies, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain Leslie de Chernatony Birmingham Business School, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, and ´ Eva Martınez Department of Economy and Business Studies, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain Abstract Purpose – This study seeks to investigate the measurement invariance of the consumer-based brand equity scale across two samples of UK and Spanish consumers. Design/methodology/approach – Brand equity was conceptualised as a multi-dimensional concept consisting of brand awareness, perceived quality, brand associations and brand loyalty. To test the brand equity scale cross-nationally a survey was undertaken in the UK and Spain. Measurement invariance was assessed using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. Findings – The brand equity scale was invariant across the two countries. Results show that the consumer-based brand equity scale has similar dimensionality and factor structure across countries. In addition, consumers respond to the items of brand equity in the same way, which allows meaningful comparison of scores. Research limitations/implications – Future research could examine the cross-national generalisability of the brand equity scale using other countries’ products and services. Practical implications – Given that the brand equity scale is invariant across countries, researchers and international...
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...2 ICTs AND GLOBAL WORKING IN A NON-FLAT WORLD Geoff Walsham Judge Business School University of Cambridge Cambridge, U.K. Abstract This paper rejects the hypothesis of Thomas Friedman that ICT-enabled globalization is driving us toward a flat world. Instead, it is argued that the world remains uneven, full of seams, culturally heterogeneous, locally specific, inequitable, not well-integrated and constantly changing. This argument is supported by an analysis of three areas of ICT-enabled global working, namely global software outsourcing, global IS roll-out, and global virtual teams. The paper then builds on these analyses to put forward an agenda for future IS research on ICTs and global working based on three research themes: identity and cross-cultural working; globalization, localization and standardization; and power, knowledge, and control. The paper concludes that the area of ICTs and global working offers the IS field a major research opportunity to make a significant contribution to our understanding of a set of crucial issues in our more globalized world. Flat world, globalization, global software outsourcing, global IS roll-out, global virtual teams, IS research agenda, identity, cross-cultural working, standardization, power, knowledge, control Keywords 1 INTRODUCTION The changes taking place in the global economy, including those in the burgeoning services component, are the subject of much debate by a wide range of commentators including journalists, practitioners...
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...Quality management: a cross-cultural perspective -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Document Information: Title: Quality management: a cross-cultural perspective Author(s): Alessandra Vecchi, (School of Business, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland), Louis Brennan, (School of Business, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland) Citation: Alessandra Vecchi, Louis Brennan, (2009) "Quality management: a cross-cultural perspective", Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, Vol. 16 Iss: 2, pp.149 - 164 Keywords: Cross-cultural studies, Culture, Quality management, Strategic manufacturing Article type: Research paper DOI: 10.1108/13527600910953900 (Permanent URL) Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited Abstract: Purpose – The aim of this paper is to present the results of a survey administered across 23 countries that examines quality priorities, practices and performance by adopting Hofstede's national cultural framework. The purpose of this study is to test the validity of the “culture-specific” argument as an explanatory construct for explaining quality management. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected in 2006 as part of the IV iteration of the International Manufacturing Strategy Survey. The methodology involved the use of a self-administered questionnaire to director/head of operations/manufacturing in best practice firms within the sector of firms classified by ISIC codes (rev.3.1) Divisions...
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...International Journal of Production Research Vol. 48, No. 17, 1 September 2010, 5137–5155 Supply chain performance measurement: a literature review Goknur Arzu Akyuz* and Turan Erman Erkan Department of Industrial Engineering, Atilim University, Kizilcasar Mahallesi, 06836 Incek Go¨lbasi, Ankara, Turkey (Received 19 February 2009; final version received 2 June 2009) This paper is intended to provide a critical literature review on supply chain performance measurement. The study aims at revealing the basic research methodologies/approaches followed, problem areas and requirements for the performance management of the new supply chain era. The review study covers articles coming from major journals related with the topic, including a taxonomy study and detailed investigation as to the methodologies, approaches and findings of these works. The methodology followed during the conduct of this research includes starting with a broad base of articles lying at the intersection of supply chain, information technology (IT), performance measurement and business process management topics and then screening the list to have a focus on supply chain performance measurement. Findings reveal that performance measurement in the new supply era is still an open area of research. Further need of research is identified regarding framework development, empirical cross-industry research and adoption of performance measurement systems for the requirements of the new era, to include...
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...model for convergence in the living standards, that is, for whether rich countries tend to grow slower than poor countries. The findings of the study indicate that the augmented Solow model can forecast accurately the rate of convergence of different countries while keeping the growth of population and capital accumulation constant. The authors states that two variables, that is, rates of saving and population growth of a country, can be used to determine the country’s steady-state level of income per capita. This model predicts that higher the rate of population growth of a country, poorer is the country and on the other hand, higher the rate of saving, richer is the country (Edward Gamber, 2006). Overall, the findings reported in this paper shows doubt on the recent style among the economists to abandon the Solow model growth in the favor of endogenous-growth models which assume steady or growing returns to scale in capital. The author argues about the fact that the predictions of the Solow model are firstly to an approximation, consistent with the evidence and by examining the current data for a large set of countries we also find that saving and population growth affect income the same way the Solow model predicted. Moreover, more than half of the country variation in income per capital can be explained by these two variables alone. And also it can be added that even the Solow model can predict the direction of effects of savings and population growth, it is unable to predict...
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...The Process of Research Paper Writing Ramell Miles COMM 102 July 30, 2012 Carol Amato Introduction Ramell Miles wrote a paper on “Personal Responsibility” for a class she had recently taken. In this paper the first discussion is how the topic selected, including research sources, organization, composition, and approach. The next discussion will be about selecting appropriate topics for the audience, analyzing the audience, and source credibility for a particular audience. Finally, conferring with the book Research Matters will examine various strategies, such as organizing drafting and revision and how to use them in other writings. Previous Paper Written The subject for the aforementioned research paper was already decided by the professor. The process of locating good sources began with an Internet search for the topic of “Personal Responsibility’, including a definition of the title, the correlation between it and college success and one’s process to attain achievement in college and through life. The paper was organized by writing an outline based on the criteria given from the professor. The composition of the paper began by answering the questions in short answer form. Next, each answer was expounded upon by supporting documentation...
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...Michael Carlson and Chris Luhrs outline the ethical failings of Tobacco marketing in the US in “The Ethics of Tobacco Marketing.” In this research paper, the authors juxtapose the American Marketing Association’s ethical norms against the Kantian theory of ethics to expose that by marketing tobacco products and betraying their duty to “do no harm” tobacco marketers fail the Kantian standard of ethics to act only in a manner worthy of becoming a universal law (Carlson and Luhrs). The paper outlines the dangers associated with marketing tobacco products when the marketing is extremely effective, pervasive, aimed at vulnerable children and deceitful resulting in high levels of addiction, sickness and ultimately death (Carlson and Luhrs). Carlson and Luhrs point out that “one would not consider doing harm to others or acting dishonestly as worthy of a universal law.” While this ethical failing, by Kantian standards, is evident in the US, the ethical failings of tobacco corporations are compounded when this marketing is done in developing countries with even more vulnerable populations. In her March 2010 article, “Phillip Morris Pushing Smoking Hard in Foreign Countries,” Anne Landman outlines the tactics that Tobacco giant Phillip Morris had begun to use in developing countries to sell their product because the market for tobacco products in the US had decreased. These tactics included utilizing strategies that had proven successful in the US prior to the decline of tobacco...
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...Journal of Information Systems Vol. 16, No. 2 Fall 2002 pp. 209–222 Impact of Information Technology on Public Accounting Firm Productivity Rajiv D. Banker Hsihui Chang The University of Texas at Dallas Yi-ching Kao University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee ABSTRACT: In recent years, information technology (IT) has played a critical role in the services provided by the public accounting industry. However, no empirical research has evaluated the impact of IT on public accounting firms. This study focuses on five offices of an international public accounting firm that recently made large IT investments, primarily in audit software and knowledge-sharing applications. Both qualitative and quantitative information from the research site are analyzed to estimate the change in productivity following the implementation of IT. The results from both regression analysis and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) indicate significant productivity gains following IT implementation, documenting the value impact of IT in a public accounting firm. Keywords: public accounting; information technology (IT); IT productivity; IT adoption; data envelopment analysis. Data Availability: The confidentiality agreement with the firm that provided the data for this study precludes revealing its identity and disseminating detailed data without its written consent. I. INTRODUCTION dvances in information technology (IT) have transformed many firms in professional services industries, but perhaps none as much as those in...
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...Journal of Information Systems Vol. 16, No. 2 Fall 2002 pp. 209–222 Impact of Information Technology on Public Accounting Firm Productivity Rajiv D. Banker Hsihui Chang The University of Texas at Dallas Yi-ching Kao University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee ABSTRACT: In recent years, information technology (IT) has played a critical role in the services provided by the public accounting industry. However, no empirical research has evaluated the impact of IT on public accounting firms. This study focuses on five offices of an international public accounting firm that recently made large IT investments, primarily in audit software and knowledge-sharing applications. Both qualitative and quantitative information from the research site are analyzed to estimate the change in productivity following the implementation of IT. The results from both regression analysis and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) indicate significant productivity gains following IT implementation, documenting the value impact of IT in a public accounting firm. Keywords: public accounting; information technology (IT); IT productivity; IT adoption; data envelopment analysis. Data Availability: The confidentiality agreement with the firm that provided the data for this study precludes revealing its identity and disseminating detailed data without its written consent. I. INTRODUCTION dvances in information technology (IT) have transformed many firms in professional services industries, but perhaps...
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...I: Introduction I. A: Rationale/Motivation Over the past two decades, cross-border or international mergers and acquisitions (IM&As) have become the favored method of foreign direct investment (FDI). The form shows that IM&As go both ways: toward developing countries and from them, reshaping the world’s economic boundaries. Trends notwithstanding, researchers suggest that, overall, the expected financial benefits of M&As are often not recognized. The highest rate of failures has been linked mainly to the fact that “M&As are still designed with business organization and financial fit as primary conditions, leaving psychological and cultural issues as secondary concerns”. While as new countries start out into the free-market economic system, paying attention to cultural factors in IM&As is becoming essential. The wider cultural gap and the current trend of IM&Asbetween developed and developing countries increases the urgency of understanding the effects of civilization on the dynamics of IM&As and on issues such as corporate organization and local adaptation strategy. The present research is designed in response to this shortcoming. It examines the effects of culture on the outcome of IM&As and the variability of these effects during the different phases of an IM&A. The research focuses on the international aspect of cultural conflicts—the differentiating factor between domestic mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and IM&As. It measures success from an organization’s internal...
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...London Metropolitan business school | People Management Challenges and Choices | Assessment one The Briefing Paper | | Navinder Bains 1101 | Submitted in week 8 | | Contents 1. Abstract 3 2. Background 3 3. Findings 3 4. Evaluation 5 5. References 6 6. Appendices 7 1. Abstract The purpose of this briefing paper is to take me through the process of preparing to write an academic paper. The aim is to devise a plan of how I intend to approach the second assignment and a justification of how and why I have chosen the individual topic relating to the key issues HR managers face will be made clear. In addition a brief summary of the elements, focuses and arguments that are to be covered in the individual paper will be looked at. The structure, draft of the introduction of the final paper and an evaluation assessing my progress so far will be embodied. 2. Background This briefing paper is essential because it clearly presents the process that I will undergo to complete the individual paper, it will provide guidance, advice and include specific resources. I will critically analyze the key issues HR managers face with reference to managing job design and flexibility and how HR managers could address the issues mentioned. This valued topic has been chosen because well managed job design increases the value of the position to the organization, engages the worker and reduces individual and organizational risk. It is substantial because...
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...IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (HRM) PRACTICES ON EMPLOYEES RETENTION (A CASE STUDY OF EDUCATION AND BANKING SECTOR IN BAHAWALPUR) Muhammad Azhar Sheikh 1 Wusat-ul-Qamar 2 Fariha Iqbal 3 ____________________________________________________________ __________ Abstract: This research has been conducted to study the impact of HRM practices (career development opportunities, supervisor support, working environment, rewards and work-life policies) on employee retention in The Islamia University of Bahawalpur as well as the banks in Bahawalpur. The data collected through questionnaire from 101 respondents. The results show the positive relationship of above mentioned HRM practices with employee retention. Conclusions as well as directions for future research are discussed. INTRODUCTION EMPLOYEE RETENTION: During the last decade, the personnel/HRM field has shifted from a micro focus on individual HRM practices to a debate on how HRM as a more holistic management approach may contribute to the competitive advantage of the organizations. Three different perspectives have been used in recent researches on the relationship between HRM practices and organizational performance, organizational retention and organizational strategies. (Bjorkman and Pavlovskaya: 2000) A number of studies have found that managing turnover is a challenge for organizations, as different organizations using different approaches to retain employees (American Management Association, 2001).Employee...
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...International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management Emerald Article: Expatriation in the hotel industry: An exploratory study of management skills and cultural training Gina Fe Causin, Baker Ayoun, Patrick Moreo Article information: To cite this document: Gina Fe Causin, Baker Ayoun, Patrick Moreo, (2011),"Expatriation in the hotel industry: An exploratory study of management skills and cultural training", International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 23 Iss: 7 pp. 885 - 901 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09596111111167515 Downloaded on: 29-09-2012 References: This document contains references to 43 other documents To copy this document: permissions@emeraldinsight.com This document has been downloaded 2118 times since 2011. * Users who downloaded this Article also downloaded: * Judie Gannon, Angela Roper, Liz Doherty, (2010),"The impact of hotel management contracting on IHRM practices: Understanding the bricks and brains split", International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 22 Iss: 5 pp. 638 - 658 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09596111011053783 Hui Chen, Miguel Baptista Nunes, Lihong Zhou, Guo Chao Peng, (2011),"Expanding the concept of requirements traceability: The role of electronic records management in gathering evidence of crucial communications and negotiations", Aslib Proceedings, Vol. 63 Iss: 2 pp. 168 - 187 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00012531111135646 François Des Rosiers...
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...company’s performance. In present day views, the fit between the technology and structure has become the focus of the discussion where as earlier theories used to have a different focal point. This study is more about regularizing the analysis level to each organization and measurement of contingency relationship between technology and structure. Studies which considered large units led to more enigma than studies which considered smaller sub-units. The research paper concentrates on highlighting the link between technology and structure; and how they can be utilized to improve the performance of an organization. The central disagreement revolves around the theory that instead of technology or structure or technology and structure, a fit between both the structure and technology is a better measurement of performance. One of authors Judith W.Alexander served as an assistant professor in college of nursing, University of South Carolina, the other author W. Alan Randolph is a professor of International business and leadership. They present the argument that performance can be better studied in sub-units than in large units(organization), considering the fact the factors influencing the performance would affect the result in terms of complexity. [Assumptions] The purpose of the study ‘The Fit Between Technology and Structure as a Predictor Of Performance in Nursing Subunits’ is to find out whether a simplified measure of fit between technology and structure will affect the...
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...ETHICAL BEHAVIOR CONSTRUCT: MEASUREMENT AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Branko BUČAR, Faculty of Economics, University of Ljubljana Mateja DRNOVŠEK, Faculty of Economics, University of Ljubljana Address all correspondence to: Branko Bučar University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Economics Kardeljeva ploščad 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Email: branko.bucar@uni-lj.si ABSTRACT The primary concern of the article is to validate the scale of ethical behavior construct developed in previous research. We examined the internal consistency of the modified Newstrom and Ruch’s (1975) scale for the measurement of the ethical behavior construct. We based this study on the model by Akaah and Lund (1994) about the influence of personal and organizational values on ethical behavior in the entrepreneurial context. We concluded that the six-dimensional construct of ethical behavior cannot be supported in the same way as proposed by Akaah and Lund (1994) and proposed several modifications to the measurement scale. KONSTRUKT ETIČNEGA OBNAŠANJA: MERJENJE IN PRAKTIČNE POSLEDICE Glavni namen tega članka je preveriti meritveno lestvico konstrukta etičnega obnašanja, ki je bila razvita v prejšnjih študijah. Proučili smo notranjo konsistentnost spremenjene meritvene lestvice, ki sta jo originalno razvila Newstrom in Ruch (1975). Študijo smo zasnovali na Akaah in Lundovem (1994) modelu vplivov osebnih in organizacijskih vrednot na etično obnašanje, pri čemer smo model preučili v...
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