...1. ¿Qué medidas recomendaría usted para Crosswell y Leonardo Sousa que les permita alcanzar el objetivo de R $ 83,00 por caja de pañales? Mi recomendación seria que Leonardo de Souza bajara su margen de ganancia de un 30% a 20%, que Lens y los hermanos Mathieux habían bajado sus márgenes de ganancia, con esto podrían llegar a los R $ 83/caja, y pensar a largo plazo tener el financiamiento del banco de Americano, para así aumentar sus márgenes de ganancias. 2. ¿Cuáles son los beneficios y los riesgos a Sosa si utiliza una carta de 180 días de crédito en Dólares para financiar la importación de 15 contenedores de Pañales Precius Ultra Thin? ¿Cuáles son los beneficios y riesgos potenciales a Crosswell? El beneficio del Sr. Sosa de Utilizar la Carta de crédito es obtiene la mercancía en su poder teniendo sin costo financiero, el riesgo seria en el Sr. Sosa no tendría la Moneda americana en caso que la Moneda Brasilera se devaluara y generaría aumentar sus costos financieros. El Beneficio de Crosswell es asegura el cobro de la mercancía a través de la carta de crédito y el riesgo seria que si baja de interés en el país de Brasil tendría que bajar los precios de venta y esto generaría menores ganancias 3. ¿Qué beneficio añadido puede Sosa gana de tomar ventaja de la carta de 180 días de crédito? (Utilice la secuencia de eventos y fechas descritas en el Anexo 5. Suponga que el tipo de cambio y las tasas pasivas de interés se mantienen estables.) ¿Puede ser usado...
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...A06-97-0002 Crosswell International It is August 4, 1995, and the Mathieux brothers, Doug and Geoff, were concluding a summer-long effort of developing the Brazilian market for Crosswell International (U.S.). Crosswell’s president and CEO, Hector Lans, is convinced that Precious Ultra Thin Baby Diapers will be a big seller in Brazil. In their role as brokers for Crosswell, the Mathieuxs have been exploring a number of different distribution channels in the Brazilian market. To date, the distributor response to Precious diapers has been enthusiastic, particularly in light of Precious diapers’ superior quality compared to locally manufactured alternatives. The problem, however, is the price. Brazilians base many purchasing decisions — at least in regard to disposable diapers — on cost, not on quality. The Mathieuxs find that distributors do not believe they can compete in the market with the relatively high prices offered by Crosswell, even with higher quality diapers. After much debate over how to improve the price competitiveness of Precious diapers, the Mathieuxs believe they may have found a solution. Their proposal is to combine extended credit terms to local distributors with Brazil’s high domestic interest rates to effectively lower the diapers’ price to Brazilian consumers. The Brazilian Diaper Market Until the latter part of the 1980s, most Brazilians had never heard of a disposable diaper, and not surprisingly, the disposable hygiene market in Brazil...
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...International Corporate Finance BÀI TẬP TÌNH HUỐNG Môn: TÀI CHÍNH DOANH NGHIỆP QUỐC TẾ Ngày: 03/06/2012 – Lớp IeMBA B01 Thời gian: 180 phút Chủ đề: HÃNG CROSSWELL INTERNATIONAL Vào ngày 4 tháng 8 năm 1995, anh em nhà Mathieux – Doug và Geoff đang đưa ra quyết định về việc phát triển thị trường Braxin giúp hãng Crosswell International (Hoa Kỳ) sau nỗ lực trong suốt mùa hè. Chủ tịch kiêm CEO (giám đốc điều hành) Crosswell – Hector Lans tin rằng loại tã lót Precious Ultra Thin Baby Diapers (tã lót siêu mỏng dành cho trẻ sơ sinh) sẽ đắt khách tại Braxin. Với vai trò là nhà môi giới cho Crosswell, hai anh em Mathieux đã tìm kiếm được nhiều kênh phân phối khác nhau tại thị trường Braxin. Đến nay, tã lót Precious vẫn được các nhà phân phối hưởng ứng nhiệt tình, đặc biệt là nhờ chất lượng vượt trội của chúng so với các loại khác được sản xuất tại khu vực sở tại. Tuy nhiên, vấn đề là giá cả. Người Braxin đưa ra quyết định mua sắm, ít nhất là mua sắm tã lót dùng một lần, dựa trên giá cả chứ không dựa trên chất lượng. Anh em Mathieux nhận thấy các hãng phân phối không tin rằng họ có thể cạnh tranh trong thị trường này với mức giá sản phẩm tương đối cao mà Crosswell đưa ra, thậm chí với chất lượng trội hơn như vậy. Sau nhiều tranh luận về cách thức nâng cao tính cạnh tranh về giá thành của Precious Diapers, anh em Mathieux tin rằng họ có thể tìm ra một giải pháp. Đề xuất của họ là kết hợp các điều khoản tín dụng mở rộng dành cho các hãng phân phối sở tại với các mức lãi suất trong nước...
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...1. What actions would you recommend to Crosswell and to Leonardo Sousa that would enable them to hit the target of R$83.00 per case of diapers? To reduce costs and reach a competitive price in the Brazilian market, Material Hospitalar should get 180-day credit from Crosswell International and then be able to sell the product and collect the sales money in 30 days. At this point, Material Hospitalar will invest the money in the high-yielding Real-denominated deposit rates. They will deposit the cash proceeds for 60 days at 9.25% and then again deposit the proceeds plus the interest gained so far for another 60 days at 8.75%. (Interest Source: Brasil FaxLetter, Gilbert o L. DiPierro, August 4, 1995, Miami , Florida). Of course, this strategy will depend on the stability of the Brazilian Real versus the USD exchange rate. If the Real depreciates against the USD, the costs will increase a lot because Crosswell (and its products) is a USD-cost basis company and its primary competitors in the Brazilian market are all manufacturing locally so, any increase in costs and hence in product price, would let the company out of competition in the Brazilian Market. The probability that the Real/USD exchange rate stay stable is very high. The Brazilian president just implemented a new economic plan and there is a government commitment to control inflation and maintain the Real’s value, hence stable against the USD. Besides, at that time there was a large and continuous inflow of foreign...
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...克罗斯威尔公司在巴西的产品销售 克罗斯威尔国际是一家美国的卫生用品生产商和分销商。一家名为医疗材料公司的巴西卫生用品分销商的总裁莱昂纳多-索萨找到了克罗斯威尔公司。索萨对分销克罗斯威尔公司的主要纸尿布产品—珍宝感兴趣,但前提是能够达成可接受的价格和支付条款安排。 一、向巴西出口 克罗斯威尔公司的出口业务经理杰奥夫-马修克斯将对出口成本和定价的估计整合在一起,完善了前期讨论结果,以备和索萨讨论之用。克罗斯威尔公司需要知道当顾客拿到产品时,整个供应链和价值链的所有成本和定价假设。马修克斯认为,在克罗斯威尔公司希望进入的细分市场中,克罗斯维尔公司签订的任何协议都应该是巴西市场上的消费者价格对所有相关方公平合理,并具有竞争力。表1显示了珍宝牌纸尿布进入巴西市场后的第一次定价。 表1:出口到巴西的珍宝牌纸尿布的定价 |到巴西的出口成本和定价 |每箱 |汇率和计算办法 | |每箱的FAS,迈阿密 |34美元 | | |运费、装卸费和单证费 |4.32美元 |每集装箱4180美元/968箱 | |每箱的CFR,巴西桑托斯 |38.32美元 | | |出口保险 |0.86美元 |CIF的2.25% | |到达巴西港口CIF |39.18美元 | | |到达巴西港口CIF |97.95雷亚尔 |2.50雷亚尔/美元 | |巴西进口成本: | | | |进口关税 |1.96 |CIF的2% | |商船修缮费 |2.70 ...
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...C H A P T E R 19 International Trade Finance Financial statements are like fine perfume: to be sniffed but not swallowed. —Abraham Brilloff. LEARNING OBJECTIVES ◆ Learn how international trade alters both the supply chain and general value chain of the domestic firm, thereby beginning the globalization process in the trade phase. ◆ Consider what the key elements of an import or export transaction are in business. ◆ Discover how the three key documents in import/export, the letter of credit, the draft, and the bill of lading, combine to both finance the transaction and to manage its risks. ◆ Identify what the documentation sequence is for a typical international trade transaction. ◆ Learn how the various stages and their costs impact the ability of an exporter to enter a foreign market and potentially compete in both credit terms and pricing. ◆ See what organizations and resources are available for exporters to aid in managing trade risk and financing. ◆ Examine the various trade financing alternatives. The purpose of this chapter is to explain how international trade, exports and imports, is financed. The contents are of direct practical relevance to both domestic firms that just import and export and to multinational firms that trade with related and unrelated entities. The chapter begins by explaining the types of trade relationships that exist. Next, we explain the trade dilemma: exporters want to be paid before they export and importers do not want to pay until...
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...A06-97-0002 Crosswell International It is August 4, 1995, and the Mathieux brothers, Doug and Geoff, were concluding a summer-long effort of developing the Brazilian market for Crosswell International (U.S.). Crosswell’s president and CEO, Hector Lans, is convinced that Precious Ultra Thin Baby Diapers will be a big seller in Brazil. In their role as brokers for Crosswell, the Mathieuxs have been exploring a number of different distribution channels in the Brazilian market. To date, the distributor response to Precious diapers has been enthusiastic, particularly in light of Precious diapers’ superior quality compared to locally manufactured alternatives. The problem, however, is the price. Brazilians base many purchasing decisions — at least in regard to disposable diapers — on cost, not on quality. The Mathieuxs find that distributors do not believe they can compete in the market with the relatively high prices offered by Crosswell, even with higher quality diapers. After much debate over how to improve the price competitiveness of Precious diapers, the Mathieuxs believe they may have found a solution. Their proposal is to combine extended credit terms to local distributors with Brazil’s high domestic interest rates to effectively lower the diapers’ price to Brazilian consumers. The Brazilian Diaper Market Until the latter part of the 1980s, most Brazilians had never heard of a disposable diaper, and not surprisingly, the disposable hygiene market in Brazil was virtually non-existent...
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...đa 3000 từ, không kể bảng biểu International Crosswell là một nhà sản xuất và phân phối các sản phẩm chăm sóc sức khỏe của Mỹ, trong đó có tã trẻ em. Leonardo Sousa, chủ tịch của Material Hospitalar - một nhà phân phối các sản phẩm chăm sóc sức khỏe khắp Brazil đã tiếp cận Crosswell để đạt quyền phân phối sản phẩm chính của Crosswell là tã trẻ em Precious. Giám đốc phụ trách xuất khẩu của Crosswell, Geoff Mathieux, tiến hành ước tính chi phí và định giá sản phẩm (xem bảng A) làm căn cứ thương lượng với Sousa. Ngoài ra, điều khoản thanh toán mà Mathieux đề nghị là hoặc trả trước toàn bộ giá trị đơn hàng hoặc bằng một L/C xác nhận với hối phiếu trả chậm 60 ngày. Đơn hàng mà Crosswell yêu cầu cho lần đầu giao dịch tối thiểu là 10 container, mỗi container có 969 thùng tã giá $39.18/thùng, CIF Brazil thanh toán bằng đồng USD. 1. Crosswell nên yêu cầu Hospitalar cung cấp thông tin, dữ liệu gì để có thể đánh giá mức độ tín nhiệm và khả năng Hospitalar trở thành một đối tác lâu dài, đại diện cho Crosswell trên thị trường Brazil. 2. Hospitalar nên lựa chọn phương thức thanh toán nào trong 2 đề nghị của Crosswell? Họ nên đề nghị và thuyết phục như thế nào để Crosswell chấp nhận lựa chọn của họ. 3. Hospitalar có phải đối mặt rủi ro tỷ giá trong giao dịch này không? Nếu có, Hospitalar nên làm gì để đối phó với rủi ro này? 4. Giả sử phương thức thanh toán cuối cùng được lựa chọn là thanh toán bằng L/C (xem bảng B), lúc đó Crosswell sẽ có 2 lựa chọn (i) Đợi 60 ngày sau khi hối phiếu...
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...Caso de Decisión Crosswell International 1. ¿Qué acciones recomendaría usted a Crosswell y a Leonardo Sousa que les permitan llegar al objetivo de R$ 83.00 por caja de pañales? Para reducir costos y llegar a un precio competitivo en el mercado brasileño, Material Hospitalar debe obtener crédito de 180 días de Crosswell International y ser capaces de vender el producto y cobrar el dinero de la venta en 30 días. En este punto, Material Hospitalar invertirá el dinero en las tasas de depósito de bienes denominados de alto rendimiento. Se depositan los ingresos de dinero por 60 días en 9,25 y nuevamente depositar las ganancias más el interés ganado hasta ahora por otros 60 días en 8,75. Por supuesto, esta estrategia dependerá de la estabilidad del Real brasileño frente a la tasa de cambio del USD. Si el Real se deprecia contra el dólar, los costos aumentarán mucho porque Crosswell (y sus productos) son una empresa de base de costo en USD y sus principales competidores en el mercado brasileño todos fabrican localmente por lo que, cualquier incremento en los costos y por lo tanto en el precio del producto, permitiría que la empresa fuera de la competencia en el mercado brasileño. La probabilidad de que el tipo de cambio del Real a USD de permanecer estable es muy alto. El Presidente brasileño sólo implementa un nuevo plan económico y existe un compromiso del gobierno para controlar la inflación y mantener el valor del Real, por lo tanto estable contra el dólar. Además, en...
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...Section 1: Question A Definition of Cross-border Merger and Acquisition A merger is characterized as the union of two associations into a single organization. An acquisition is the purchase of one association from another when the acquirer keeps up the control. There are local M&As and cross-border M&As. Local M&As are directed inside the same country, while cross-border M&As involve two companies from two different countries. A cross-border M&A is characterized as activity in which an enterprise from one country purchases the entire resource or controlling rate of an enterprise in another country. Mergers and acquisitions (M&As) are a basic part of the corporate rebuilding handle, and have created an unlimited scholarly writing in the course of recent decades. (Mulherin & Audra L. Boone, 2000) Cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) have expanded significantly in the course of the last two decades. Given this fast increment, completely understanding the determinants and ramifications of mergers and acquisitions has been high on the plan for both strategy producers and scholastics. (Hijzen & Holger , 2006) Figure [ 1 ]: Three Stages of Cross-Border M&A The process of acquiring an enterprise has three common elements: 1. Identification and valuation of the target 2. Completion of the ownership change transaction 3. The management of post-acquisition transition The management of post-acquisition transition ...
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...are used to facilitate the trade’s completion and financing. The next section identifies international trade risks; namely, currency risk and noncompletion risk. The following sections describe the key trade documents, including letters of credit, drafts, and bills of lading. The next section summarizes the documentation of a typical trade transaction. This section is followed by a description of government programs to help finance exports, including export credit insurance and specialized banks such as the Export-Import Bank of the United States. Next, we compare the various types of short-term receivables financing and then the use of forfaiting and countertrade for longer term transactions. The mini-case at the end of the chapter, “Crosswell International’s Precious Ultra-Thin Diapers,” illustrates how an export requires the integration of management, marketing, and finance. 21 CHAPTER Eiteman-2 US CHAPTERS 31/7/07 4:01 PM Page 40 ❙ International trade finance / 21 The trade relationship Trade financing shares a number of common characteristics with the traditional value...
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...David A. Porter 2 Hilltop St. Sumter, SC 29150 (803)236-4676 Education Lakewood High School – Graduated 2001 Liberty University On-line – Graduated 2013, Magna cum Laude, BA in Education Employment History Bi-Lo 2055 Wedgefield Rd Sumter, SC (803) 938-9926 Supervisor – Kenneth Christmas, Produce Manager Worked in the produce department from June 2014 to present. Quickly worked my way up to top associate in the department behind the manager and assistant manager. Learned opening and closing procedures, how to order supplies, how to run reports, etc. Received highest feedback from any associate to ever work under the manager in my six-month review period. Enjoy the work and working with the public, but only a part time position. Thomas Sumter Academy 5265 Camden Hwy Rembert, SC 29128 (803)-499-3378 Supervisor – Debbie Nix, Head of School. BJ Reed, athletic director Began in February 2007 as a volunteer softball coach until present. Began assisting girls’ basketball the following season at the JV level and two years at the varsity level, and continued until taking over as head coach of B-team boys basketball in the 2014-15 season. Also served a season as head JV baseball coach. Was added to paid staff in 2011. Also served as a substitute teacher in 2013 and 2014. Becton Dickinson and Associates 1575 Airport Rd Sumter, SC 29153 (803)-469-8010 Worked as a production assistant in the push button blood collection set...
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...End-of-Chapter Question Solutions 1 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ CHAPTER 23: INTERNATIONAL TRADE FINANCE 1. Trade dilemma. What is meant by the term ‘trade dilemma’? International trade must work around a fundamental dilemma. Imagine an importer and an exporter who would like to do business with one another. They live in different countries located far apart. They have never met. They speak different languages. They operate in different political environments. They worship different gods (each capitalizes “God” in the home religion and uses a lower case “god” for foreign religions!). They come form cultures that have different standards for honoring obligations to other persons and different ways to settle disputes. They both know that if they default on an obligation, the other party will have a hard time catching up to seek redress. Although it might be too harsh to say they don’t trust one another, each has perfectly valid reasons for being very cautious in dealing with the other. Because of the distance between the two, it is not possible to simultaneously hand over goods with one hand and accept payment with the other. 2. Basic documents of trade. What are the three basic documents used in trade with unrelated parties? The fundamental dilemma of being unwilling to trust a stranger in a foreign land is solved by using a highly respected bank as intermediary. A greatly simplified view is described in Exhibit...
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...something we will have to take a stand on sooner or later, whether we like it or not. Brian Aldiss shows us a slightly dystopian future in his Science-Fiction short story “Super-toys last all summer long”. It is a world where three-quarters of the world are starving, and the only way of preventing that is to implement population control. This means you cannot have a baby without winning the weekly parenthood lottery, and hereby takes away one of the most basic human instincts, to pass along our genes. Obesity is also a big problem where Monica and Henry live. Even in our time it is a substantial problem, but in the story it seems like they have almost promoted the problem. “I guess there is nobody around this table who doesn’t have a Crosswell, working for him in the small intestine, a perfectly safe parasite tape-worm that enables its host to eat up to 50 percent more food and still keep his or her figurine” (pages 1-2, lines 103-104+1-4). While the story does contain some brighter ideas like the Whologram (page 4, line 57), it is clear that the story pictures a dark outlook on the future. It is a future that seems unfriendly and lonesome to many and where robots have made humans somewhat redundant. Since people are not allowed to have real kids, robot kids are used as a substitute. Monica and...
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