...Cry the Beloved Country, by Alan Paton, is the story of the two fictional characters, Stephen Kumalo and James Jarvis, who lose their sons in South Africa in 1948. In his story, Alan Paton used the George Hegel's Dialect of thesis, antithesis, synthesis, in order to expose social injustices in a microcosm of South Africa that correlate to the macrocosm of the issues faced by the entire country and what must be done to fix these injustices. Paton subdivided his story into three books. The first of these books, depicts the Journey of Stephen Kumalo, to try and restore his family, is a cry against injustice. The second book focused mainly on James Jarvis’s plight to understand his deceased son, depicts the yearning for justice. While the final book displays the restoration and repair of the injustices derived from the yearning for justice. The society of the small urban town called Ndotsheni, from which both Stephan and Author come, is based largely on the native African tribal system. This town also suffers from a drought that drives away the young men to work in the mines of Johannesburg. Johannesburg directly contradicts Ndotsheni with no tribal system and the brake down of the moral fibers of its people. Yet in Johannesburg there is also hope for the future and ideas that help lead to the restoration of Ndotsheni. During the time the story is set in Johannesburg the reader is introduced to two exceptionally different characters. The first is John Kumalo, the brother of Stephen...
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...During the 1940’s, South Africa was extensively suffering from many political and economical issues. Not only were there economic and political issues but there were social issues as well. Disintegration and segregation became especially prevalent during this time. South Africa wasn’t the only place that dealt with these racial discriminations. It was common during this time for countries to have laws that physically separated one race from another. The United States being one of those countries. African Americans faced racial discrimination and segregation when it came to many aspects of life. Crime rates skyrocketed during this time period and many whites found themselves falling victim to the displeased African Americans. Tribes were left...
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...where one's ethnicity plays an important role. People like to identify themselves through a common ancestral, cultural, social or national heritage. This is called ethnicity. It generates the idea of a community, an identity, which can be of the form of ethno-religious, ethno-religion, ethno-linguistic, ethno-racial, ethno-national, or ethno-regional. These two ways are well illustrated in Kiran Desai's novel "The inheritance of Loss", by the lives of two characters, Jemubhai, a retired judge and Gyan, a middle class boy of a native tribe of Darjeeling. The novel revolves around ideas of class, ethnicity, and cultural identity. Set in the 1980's, the story shuffles between Kalmipong, a small village in Darjeeling and New York City, America. During the unstable post-colonial political period in the hilly region of Kalimpong, in an old Scottish mansion lives Sai, a seventeen-year-old girl, with her grandfather, Jemubhai,a retired Judge. He had a beloved dog, Mutt, and a faithful cook also living with him. Though living off his pension now, the judge had long formed prejudice against the lower working class, as seen in his relationship with his poor...
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...a revolution but also added a huge chunk of fuel to the flames of Filipino nationalism through his writings and his philosophic ideals. But to what extent is the question. It’s obvious that our national hero loved our country and believed in something greater for our country –a brighter tomorrow, a future of equality. He believed in our potential as should any other country-loving citizen. Indeed, there was no man of that time better qualified to inspire the people. He definitely did not fall short on his credentials, considering he studied medicine in Manila and travelled to Spain to finish his medical degree and later studying ophthalmology in Germany in high hopes of curing his mother’s slowly failing eyesight. While he was in Europe, he became part of the Propaganda Movement, cultivating his nationalistic views which would much later be manifested by his two greatest works, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, two novels that spoke of the dark aspects of the Philippines under Spanish colonial rule, focusing mainly on the abusive friars and the power hungry politics that plagued the local government. This gives rise to the common misconception is that Rizal yearned for independence from our Spanish colonizers. There is no doubt that Rizal loved his country which begs the question “Why wouldn’t he want independence?” Well Rizal was a well educated man who lived most of his adulthood in Spain. During his stay there, he saw the potential of the Philippines to prosper as a nation...
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...This was officially decided by the South African government from 1950 to 1991. “In early 20th-century South Africa, the word “Coloured” was a social category rather than a legal designation and typically indicated a status intermediate between those who were identified as “white” and those who were identified as “black””(Britannica). The arrangement was largely irrational, it was based on family background physical features, as well as some cultural practices. 14. Mining Industry- South Africa is one of the world leaders in mining. The country is known for its availability of mineral resources, “accounting for a significant proportion of world production and reserves, and South African mining companies are key players in the global industry” (South Africa). 15. Sharpeville Massacre- On March 21,1960, Gunshots were fired by police into a crowd of black people, killing and injuring almost 250 of them, “about 69 blacks were killed and more than 180 wounded, some 50 women and children being among the victims” (Britannica). The shooting occurred in the town of Sharpeville. This event was named one the first and most brutal expressions against apartheid in South...
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...Go to All About Homonyms | A | | a | very short little insignificant English word | | eh | an interrogative utterance | | | | | acts | things done | | ax | chopping tool | | | | | ad | short for advertisement | | add | short for addition | | | | | adds | performs additions | | ads | more than one advertisement | | adze | axe-like tool | | | | | ade | fruit beverage | | aid | to assist | | aide | an assistant | | | | | aerie | eagle's nest | | airy | breezy | | | | | aero | of aircraft | | arrow | slender, pointed shaft | | | | | affect | to change | | effect | result | | | | | ail | sick | | ale | beer | | | | | | | | air | stuff we breathe | | are | 1/100th of a hectare | | e'er | contraction of "ever" | | ere | eventually | | err | to make a mistake | | heir | one who will inherit | | | | | | aisle | walkway | | I'll | contraction of "I will" | | isle | island | | | | | all | everything | | awl | pointed scriber | | | | | allowed | permitted | | aloud | spoken | | | | | altar | raised center of worship | | alter | to change | | | | | an | a single instance | | Ann | a woman's name | | | | | ant | insect | | aunt | parent's sister | | | | | ante | preliminary bet | | auntie | sister...
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...THE CONFERENCE OF THE BIRDS BY FARID UD-DIN ATTAR The Conference Of The Birds By Farid Ud-Din Attar. This web edition created and published by Global Grey 2013. GLOBAL GREY NOTHING BUT E-BOOKS TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I. THE PARLIAMENT OF THE BIRDS PART II. ON, TO THE CITY OF GOD PART III.THROUGH THE SEVEN VALLEYS PART IV.RECEPTION AT THE ROYAL COURT 1 The Conference Of The Birds By Farid Ud-Din Attar PART I. THE PARLIAMENT OF THE BIRDS THE PARLIAMENT OF THE BIRDS Once upon a time, in the dim old days, all the birds of the world assembled in solemn conclave to consider a momentous question. Ever since the dawn of Creation the inhabitants of every city had had a king or leader, called Shahryar, or the friend of the city, but these feathered souls had no king to befriend them. Theirs was an army without a general—a position most precarious. How could they be successful in the battle of life without a leader to guide the weakwinged party through the perils of earthly existence? Many an eloquent speaker addressed the assembly, deploring their helpless plight in plaintive terms, bringing tears to the eyes of thetiny ones, and it was unanimously agreed that it was highly desirable, nay, absolutely necessary, that they should place themselves without delay under the protection of a king. At this stage, full of fervour, leapt forward the Hoopoe (Hud-hud) renowned in the Muslim scriptures for the part she had played as King Solomon’s trusted...
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...About Things Fall Apart Chinua Achebe's college work sharpened his interest in indigenous Nigerian cultures. He had grown up in Ogidi, a large village in Nigeria. His father taught at the missionary school, and Achebe witnessed firsthand the complex mix of benefit and catastrophe that the Christian religion had brought to the Igbo people. In the 1950s, an exciting new literary movement grew in strength. Drawing on indigenous Nigerian oral traditions, this movement enriched European literary forms in hopes of creating a new literature, in English but unmistakably African. Published in 1958, Things Fall Apart is one of the masterpieces of 20th century African fiction. Things Fall Apart is set in the 1890s, during the coming of the white man to Nigeria. In part, the novel is a response and antidote to a large tradition of European literature in which Africans are depicted as primitive and mindless savages. The attitudes present in colonial literature are so ingrained into our perception of Africa that the District Commissioner, who appears at the end of the novel, strikes a chord of familiarity with most readers. He is arrogant, dismissive of African "savages," and totally ignorant of the complexity and richness of Igbo life. Yet his attitude echoes so much of the depiction of Africa; this attitude, following Achebe's depiction of the Igbo, seems hollow and savage. Digression is one of Achebe's most important tools. Although the novel's central story is the tragedy of Okonkwo...
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...list of favourite holiday books of 2010. A fast paced story, you are bound to read it cover to cover in one sitting.’ — The Deccan Chronicle ‘Much before the box-office verdict on Rajneeti and Raavan became apparent, Indian readers gave a thumbs-up to The Immortals Of Meluha. Its author Amish, an IIM graduate, created a delightful mix of mythology and history by making Lord Shiva the hero of his trilogy. The first part has been on the Indian bestseller charts for quite some time now.’ — The Indian Express ‘...to me, The Immortals of Meluha is a political commentary with messages for our world and a hope that since they flow from the Mahadev himself, they will find greater acceptance. Be it the interpretation of Shiva’s battle cry — Har Har Mahadev as Every man a Mahadev or the valour of Sati who fights her own battles — every passage is rich in meaning and yet, open to interpretation. Therein lies the strength of this book.’ — Indiareads.com ‘...wonderful book, replete with...
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...list of favourite holiday books of 2010. A fast paced story, you are bound to read it cover to cover in one sitting.’ — The Deccan Chronicle ‘Much before the box-office verdict on Rajneeti and Raavan became apparent, Indian readers gave a thumbs-up to The Immortals Of Meluha. Its author Amish, an IIM graduate, created a delightful mix of mythology and history by making Lord Shiva the hero of his trilogy. The first part has been on the Indian bestseller charts for quite some time now.’ — The Indian Express ‘...to me, The Immortals of Meluha is a political commentary with messages for our world and a hope that since they flow from the Mahadev himself, they will find greater acceptance. Be it the interpretation of Shiva’s battle cry — Har Har Mahadev as Every man a Mahadev or the valour of Sati who fights her own battles — every passage is rich in meaning and yet, open to interpretation. Therein lies the strength of this book.’ — Indiareads.com ‘...wonderful book, replete with...
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...ENGLISH LITERATURE ITS HISTORY AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR THE LIFE OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING WORLD A TEXT-BOOK FOR SCHOOLS BY WILLIAM J. LONG, PH.D. (Heidelberg) TO MY FRIEND C H T IN GRATITUDE FOR HIS CONTINUED HELP IN THE PREPARATION OF THIS BOOK CANTERBURY PILGRIMS From Royal MS., 18 D.ii, in the British Museum PREFACE This book, which presents the whole splendid history of English literature from Anglo-Saxon times to the close of the Victorian Era, has three specific aims. The first is to create or to encourage in every student the desire to read the best books, and to know literature itself rather than what has been written about literature. The second is to interpret literature both personally and historically, that is, to show how a great book generally reflects not only the author's life and thought but also the spirit of the age and the ideals of the nation's history. The third aim is to show, by a study of each successive period, how our literature has steadily developed from its first simple songs and stories to its present complexity in prose and poetry. To carry out these aims we have introduced the following features: (1) A brief, accurate summary of historical events and social conditions in each period, and a consideration of the ideals which stirred the whole nation, as in the days of Elizabeth, before they found expression in literature. (2) A study of the various literary epochs in turn, showing what each gained from...
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...THE HERO WITH A THOUSAND FACES JOSEPH CAMPBELL BO I. L I N G EN SERIES XVII PRINCETON UNIVERSITY AND PRESS P R I N C E T O N OXFORD Copyright © 2004 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton Unhxmt^Pms, U WiffiaM SUrtt, Pnnceton, New Jersey 08540; im^inii!-. •:-..• punght i 1-49 by Botiingen e d i t i o n l n ' i l h Foundation, rc't.'itii.yi •: • andpttt t*j''!' !_•"' . !.,.: b% :''ohi: •• Bough, one-volume edition, p. 386. Copyright, 1922 by The MacmiUan Company and used with their permission). Compare Sigmund Freud: "I recognized the presence of symbolism in dreams from the very beginning. But it was only by degTees and as my experience increased that I arrived at a full appreciation of its extent and significance, and I did so under the influence of . . . Wilhelm Stekel. . . . Stekel arrived at his interpretations of symbols by way of intuition, thanks to a peculiar gift for the direct understanding of them. . . . Advances in psycho-analytic experience have brought to our notice patients who have shown a direct understanding of dream-symbolism of this kind to a surprising extent. . . . This symbolism is not peculiar to dreams, hut is characteristic of unconscious ideation, in particular among the people, and it is to be found in folklore, and in popular myths, legends, linguistic idioms,, proverbial wisdom and current jokes, to a more complete extent than in dreams." {The Interpretation of Dreams, translated by...
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...MASTERING O’LEVEL ISLAMIAT The only book you will ever need to excel MUHAMMAD BILAL ASLAM 1 All rights reserved No portion of this book may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means without written permission of the author. Book’s Name Author Printer : : : MASTERING O’LVEL ISLAMIAT MUHAMMAD B I LAL ASLAM MAKTABA-JADEED PRESS 14-Empress Road, Lahore. TARIQ NAJIB CORPORATION 16-Temple Road, Lahore. ANEES BOOK CORNER Main Market, Gulberg, Lahore Phone: 042-5751683, 042-5757971, 0300-4498313 1999 2001 2006 2008 Publisher : Stockist : First Edition Second Edition Third Edition Fourth Edition Price : : : : : Rs. 300/- 2 Preface This fourth edition of `Mastering O Level Islamiat’ has been updated in line with the requirements of 200ave tried to make this version as complete and well-rounded as possible by adding a number of new sections and chapters so that students have all the possible information they require under one cover. I have also included in this new version ten standard maps to enable the students to better comprehend a situation and to know where exactly the event took place at the given point of time. Judging by the feedback I have received since this book was first published in 1999, I have very high hopes that Insha Allah it will be as helpful to students as it was then. Amen! Muhammad Bilal Aslam 3 4 Table of Contents • Preface Passages from the Holy Quran History and Importance of the Holy Quran Arabia...
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...ۡس ي ٱ ٱلَّر ۡس َم ٰـ ِب ٱلَّر ِب ي ِب ِب ِب In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful All Praise is due to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds, the [One Who] Sustains the Heavens and Earths, Director of all that is created, who sent the Messengers (may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon all of them) to rational beings, to guide them and explain the religious laws to them with clear proofs and undeniable arguments. I praise Him for all of His bounties. I ask Him to increase His Grace and Generosity. I bear witness that there is none worthy of worship except Allah alone, who has no partner, the One, Who Subdues, the Generous, the Forgiving. I bear witness that our leader Muhammad is His servant and Messenger, His beloved and dear one, the best of all creation. He was honoured with the Glorious Qur’an that has been an enduring miracle throughout the years. He was also sent with his guiding Sunnah that shows the way for those who seek guidance. Our leader Muhammad has been particularised with the characteristic of eloquent and pithy speech, and simplicity and ease in the religion. May the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, the other Prophets and Messengers, all of their families and the rest of the righteous. NO Copyrights!!! This book can be printed or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, without permission from the publisher for...
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...How to be Blessed by God James 1:12 We all seek a blessed life. We might not use those exact words. In fact, we probably don’t. Today people talk about the “fulfilled life” or the “happy life.” But the meaning is the same. Question 1. What is it that everyone wants out of life? Answer: Happiness Lest we think that answer light or flippant, here is the second question and answer: Q. 2. Where is this happiness to be found? A. In God only. Here is a basic conundrum of life. We all by nature seek happiness. Some people think they find it in the things of this world. Late last night I was flipping through the TV channels when I happened upon a broadcast of Billy Graham preaching in some great crusade a half-century ago. As the camera panned the crowd, you could hear Dr. Graham say, “You will never find peace, you will never find joy, you will never happiness apart from Jesus Christ.” What a claim we make! I heard just that little snippet, but it stuck in my mind. What a claim we Christians make! We not only say that happiness comes through Jesus. We say that the only lasting happiness comes through him. We flatly declare that there is no ultimate peace or joy or fulfillment in sex or money or power or fame or degrees or buildings or gold medals or big estates or anything else that money can buy. Wealth can do many things, but it cannot buy peace of mind. Fame can do many things, but it cannot give us lasting joy. Power can do many things, but it cannot free us from guilt...
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