...Political Science Quarterly, Spring 2001 v116 i1 p81 The Cuban Missile Crisis and the Limits of Crisis Management. RICHARD M. PIOUS. Full Text: COPYRIGHT 2001 Academy of Political Science Nowhere do the constitutional prerogatives of the president seem greater than in the midst of national security crises; nowhere do we invest in the president greater resources of command. Although in the past half century presidents have surrounded themselves with a vast national security apparatus, consisting of intelligence agencies and the National Security Council, it is not at all clear that presidents have been effective as crisis managers. They often lack crucial information, use incomplete or misleading analogies to understand crisis situations, find it difficult to micromanage events, and are unable to project force effectively. Even when they are successful, it is often in spite of, rather than because of, the resources of the institutionalized presidency at their disposal. The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 provides a case study of how John F. Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev almost blundered into a nuclear war through the crisis management approaches of their advisory systems, but then managed to extricate themselves using personal diplomacy and old-fashioned political horsetrading. They did so without revealing to the world how they had defused the crisis, a decision to maintain confidentiality with far reaching consequences for subsequent presidential crisis decision making...
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...Ass The Assignation of JFK and the Conspiracy Theory Jayme Jackson DeVry University Contemporary History HIST410 Professor Lisa Jones December 14, 2013 The Assignation of JFK and the Conspiracy Theory November 22, 1963 was an unforgettable day in American history. On this day the thirty-fifth President of the United States, John F. Kennedy (JFK), was assassinated in Dallas, Texas while he rode in an open limousine with Texas Governor John Conally (Wicker, 1963). He received fatal head wounds caused by one of the bullets from the shooting. Lee Harvey Oswald (Oswald), the only person ever formally accused of the assassination, ran away from the Texas Book Depository where he worked, and was stopped for questioning by a police official. At which time, Oswald killed the officer with a revolver he had hidden (Wicker, 1963). Oswald fled to the Texas Theater and within a short time period he was apprehended by the police and brought into a police station (Wicker, 1963). Although Lee Harvey Oswald was accused of the crime, he was murdered by Jack Ruby and never prosecuted for the assassination. Since the tragic events that occurred in November of 1963, there have been many theories that the murder of President John F. Kennedy was done as part of a conspiracy. As this year of 2013 it has been fifty years since the events and people are still mystified with the assassination of JFK and the possible conspiracy theories. An important fact that Americans and people worldwide...
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...FACTORS AFFECTING TECHNOLOGY USES IN SCHOOLS1: AN ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Yong Zhao Kenneth A. Frank Michigan State Univeristy Contact information: Yong Zhao, 115D Erickson, College of Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, Email: zhaoyo@msu.edu, Phone: 517-353-4325 This study was made possible by a grant from the Michigan Department of Education (MDE), but views and findings expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect those of MDE. The following individuals participated in the design and implementation of this study: Yong Zhao, Kenneth A. Frank, Blaine Morrow, Kathryn Hershey, Joe Byers, Nicole Ellefson, Susan Porter, Rick Banghart, Andrew Henry, and Nancy Hewat. Although we cannot identify the names of the schools that participated in this study, we want to thank all the teachers and administrators in these 19 schools. Without their cooperation and support, this study would not have been possible. We would also like to thank Dr. Maenette K. P. Benham and the four anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. Ann Krause, Punya, Mishra, Matthew Koehler, and Gary Cziko offered very helpful comments and suggestions. 1 Abstract Why isn't technology used more in schools? Many researchers have been searching for solutions to this persistent puzzle. In this paper, we extend existing research on technology integration and diffusion of innovations by investigating relationships among the long list of factors that have already been...
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...I ~ i APPLIED SOCIAL RESEARCH METHODS SERIES CASE Series Editors LEONARD BICKMAN, Peabody College, Vandelbilt University. Nashvine DEBRA J. ROO. Vanderbilt UnillelSity. Washington. DC I. SURVEY RESEARCH METHODS (ThIrd Edition) by FlOYD J. FOWLER, Jr. 2. SYNTHESIZING RESEARCH (ThIrd edition) by HARRIS COOPER 3. METHODS FOR POUCY RESEARCH by ANN MAJCHRZAK 4. SECONDARY RESEARCH (Second Edition) by DAVID W. STEWART and MICHAEL A. KAMINS 5. CASE sruDY RESEARCH (ThIrd edition) by ROBERT K. YIN 6. META-ANALY11C PROCEDURES FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH (Revl'" Edition) by ROBERT ROSENTHAL 7. TELEPHONE SURVEY METHODS (Second Edition) by PAUL J. LAVRAKAS 8. DIAGNOSING ORGANlZAnoNS (s.cond Edition) by MICHAEL I. HARRISON 9. GROUP TECHNIQUES FOR IDEA BUILDING (Second Edition, by CARL M. MOORE 10. NEED ANALYSI9 by JACK McKilliP II. UNKING AUDmNG AND META EVALUAnON by THOMAS A. SCHWANDT and EOINARD S. HALPERN 12. ETHICS AND VALUES IN APPUED SOCIAL RESEARCH by ALLAN J. KIMMEL 13. ON nME AND METHOD by JANICE R. KEllY and JOSEPH E. McGRATH 14. RESEARCH IN HEALTH CARE SEmNGS by KATHLEEN E. GRADY and BARBARA STRUDLER WALlSTON 15. PARnCIPANT OBSERVAnON by DANNY JORGENSEN 16. INTERPREnVE INTERACllONISM (Second Edition) by NORMAN K. DENZIN 17. ETHNOGRAPHY (Second Edition) by DAVID M. FETTERMAN 18. STANDARDIZED...
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...not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. John Wiley & Sons is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Strategic Management Journal. http://www.jstor.org Strategic Managemtent Journal, Vol. 6, 25 7-2 72 (1985) Of Strategies, Deliberate and Emergent HENRYMINTZBERG Faculty of Management, Canada McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, JAMES A. WATERS Faculty of Administrative Ontario, Canada Studies, York University, Toronto, Summary Deliberate and emnergent strategies mnay...
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...A Case Study Comparison of Charter and Traditional Schools in New Orleans Recovery School District: Selection Criteria and Service Provision for Students with Disabilities By Copyright 2008 Nikki L. Wolf B.S., Northwest Missouri State University, 1985 Submitted to the Department of Special Education and the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Dissertation Committee: _____________________________ Chairperson _____________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Dissertation defended: April 28, 2008 3336479 Copyright 2008 by Wolf, Nikki L. All rights reserved 2008 3336479 The Dissertation Committee for Nikki L. Wolf certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: A Case Study Comparison of Charter and Traditional Schools in New Orleans Recovery School District: Selection Criteria and Service Provision for Students with Disabilities __________________________ Chairperson Date approved _________________ ii ABSTRACT In post-Katrina New Orleans, there is a growing concentration of charter schools. The Recovery School District (RSD) has oversight for the majority of these schools. To explore charges from community advocates that RSD charter schools restricted admission and provided inadequate services for students with disabilities...
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...On the Crisis Management of the Modern Enterprise BIAN Tingting1, 2, TAN Zhanglu2 1 School of Management, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China, 100101 2 School of Management, China University of Mining &Technology, Beijing, 100083 teacherbian@126.com Abstract: Modern enterprises are facing more and more crisis from the external environment. This paper starts from the four major foreign crisis management theories, then analyzes the main problems of the enterprise crisis management in our country, finally it raises the three aspects ideas of the modern crisis management. The three aspects are named crisis prevention, crisis resolving and summer up after crisis. From the three aspects, we should strengthen the crisis management, and control the deterioration of the crisis in time to ease the crisis finally to turn crises into opportunitiesin order to minimize or avoid the loss of the enterprise caused by crisis. Keywords: Modern enterprise, crisis, crisis management 1 Introduction With the acceleration of economic and social globalization, internal and external business environment becomes more complex and changeable, and are full of uncertainty. This uncertainty has brought the potential for the enterprise crisis. Today's economic and social development is more than ever vulnerable to social conflict, terrorism, technological disasters, and financial crisis. Crisis exists anywhere and anytime...
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...1.2. TRENDS AND PATTERNS OF MIGRATION TO AND FROM CARIBBEAN COUNTRIES Elizabeth Thomas-Hope[1] INTRODUCTION Migration has become deeply embedded in the psyche of Caribbean peoples over the past century and a half. It has evolved as the main avenue for upward mobility through the accumulation of capital – financial and social. Thus the propensity for migration is high and there is a general responsiveness to the opportunities for moving whenever they occur. At times these opportunities have come from within the region itself or the wider circum-Caribbean region, as in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; in more recent times from North America and Europe. The migration dynamic reflects the interplay of international, national and highly personal circumstances. Global changes affect the international economic order and the division of labour and, as a consequence, legislative controls and inducements to the movement of labour across selective national borders. At the national level, economic, social, demographic and political factors influence the variable access of people to economic rewards and social opportunities. But migration is not a passive reaction to internal ‘pushes’ and external ‘pulls’. Within this wider international and national context, migration is part of a dynamic set of negotiations at all levels. For whether ‘free’ movement or refugee, there is a selective process that operates at the interface of the needs of...
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...environment, the cultural norms of the school, and the relationships between persons in the school. Each of these factors may present barriers to change or a bridge to long-lasting implementation of school improvement. It bears repeating, however, that the interrelatedness of these facets of the school most strongly affects the efforts of those seeking to improve schools. As Fullan (1991) notes, factors affecting implementation "form a system of variables that interact to determine success or failure" (p. 67). The Impact of Culture An examination of school culture is important because, as Goodlad's study (1984) points out, "alike as schools may be in many ways, each school has an ambience (or culture) of its own and, further, its ambience may suggest to the careful observer useful approaches to making it a better school" (p. 81). Krueger and Parish (1982), in their study of five districts implementing and then discontinuing programs, postulate that the key to program implementation and continuation is "the interactive relationships that teachers have worked out together regarding 'how we gets things done here' " (p. 133). Depending upon how well leaders understand and use this notion, culture can assist school improvement efforts for at-risk students, or act as a barrier to change (Deal & Kennedy, 1982; Krueger & Parish, 1982; Sarason, 1982; Patterson, Purkey, & Parker, 1986). The culture of the school reflects the...
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...Assignment 1 How was the south changed? The chief accomplishment of the new south was the expansion of textile production, as the number of cotton mills grew from 161 to 400. There was also an increase in the lumber industry, coal production, and tobacco growth. Although, the majority of southern farmers were not flourishing, which caused sharecropping and tendancy to increase between blacks and whites. The bourbons perfected a political alliance with northern conservatives and economic alliance with northern capitalists. They also reduced state expenditures and public debt. Attitudes about race became more strongly felt and the prospect of an electoral alliance between poor whites and blacks that could threaten the power structure became a possibility, so the southern states came up with various ways to disenfranchise blacks. Also, “Jim Crow” laws were enacted to mandate public separation of the races. Legalized segregation reinforced the notions of white racial superiority and African-American inferiority, creating an atmosphere that encouraged violence, and during the 1890s lynching’s of blacks rose significantly. Define the New West. After 1865, the federal government encouraged western settlement and economic exploitation. The transcontinental railroads opened the western half of the nation to economic development and created an interconnected national market. Needing rapid communication, companies built telegraph lines along the railroad as the track was laid...
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...DECLARATION The group hereby declares that except for references to other people’s work, which has been acknowledged, this dissertation is the outcome of our own independent investigation under the supervision of Mr. Sumani John Bosco. NAME ID SIGNATURE GYAMFI KINGSLEY KWAKU IDS/3498/06 ………………………….. JEBUNI BERNARD IDS/3548/06 …………………………. SALIA ELIZABETH ZENABU IDS/3794/06 ………………………… YANGFO JACOB IDS/3902/06 ………………………… ZIEM ABRAHAM IDS/3934/06 ………………………… …………………………… Mr. Sumani John Bosco (Supervisor) Date…………………….. DEDICATION This work is dedicated to the parents and relatives of the group members for their love, care, prayers and support. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The group wishes to render its first thanks to the Almighty God without whose divine intervention the work would not have been possible. We also acknowledge the immense contribution of the chiefs, elders and people of Zanko and Sokpayiri communities who contributed in diverse ways to making our research a successful one. The group also...
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...Qualitative case studies in operations management: Trends, research outcomes, and future research implications Mark Barratt, Thomas Y. Choi ∗ , Mei Li Department of Supply Chain Management, W. P. Carey School of Business, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4706, United States a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Our study examines the state of qualitative case studies in operations management. Five main operations management journals are included for their impact on the field. They are in alphabetical order: Decision Sciences, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, Journal of Operations Management, Management Science, and Production and Operations Management. The qualitative case studies chosen were published between 1992 and 2007. With an increasing trend toward using more qualitative case studies, there have been meaningful and significant contributions to the field of operations management, especially in the area of theory building. However, in many of the qualitative case studies we reviewed, sufficient details in research design, data collection, and data analysis were missing. For instance, there are studies that do not offer sampling logic or a description of the analysis through which research outcomes are drawn. Further, research protocols for doing inductive case studies are much better developed compared to the research protocols for doing deductive case studies. Consequently, there is a lack of consistency in the way the case method...
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...Birds of Empire, Birds of Nation: A history of Science, Economy, and Conservation in United States- Colombia Relations. Bogota: Universidad de los Andes, 2012. Intro. This book seeks to answer these and other questions by focusing on the study in perception of Colombian birds from the late 19th century through the first half of the 20th century, as a pretext to analyze social, scientific and environmental relations between the United States and Colombia. Understanding how ornithologists and collectors formed bird collections reveal s a rich story of international scientific relations and power structure throughout the 19th and 20th century. Reconstructing the story of Colombian birds allows the author to build a history that not only analyzes the early and complex scientific relations between the United States and Colombia, but also takes into account the importance of North America's growing influence over Latin America as well as Colombia's changing economic, cultural and social history to understand different perception of the natural world in both countries. For a North American, the study of birds brought forth a natural world where US imperialist intentions over Latin America were entirely legitimized. For Colombian naturalists, the study of birds offered another way to promote relations with the United States and incorporated Colombia into the international arena of science. At the same time, a toucan in 1940 had a different meaning to a North American, who in the midst...
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...March 2, 2013 – The Everglades Flood Control and Restoration: A Century of Disaster OUTLINE ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Before drainage of the Everglades began over a century ago, the wetlands of southern Florida were an interconnected hydrological assortment of lavish freshwater lakes and streams, cypress swamps, secluded estuarine lagoons, freshwater sloughs, tree islands, wet prairies, and mangrove swamps spanning 3.6 million hectares. After a century of intrusion, the daunting task of understanding, fixing, maintaining, and regaining a sustainable, natural Everglades-type ecosystem in South Florida is monumental. The area south of Lake Okeechobee now has a human population of over four million people, with greedy agricultural and urban demands for more water and more space. Therefore, several uphill battles have ensued. The conceptual plans for restoring this ecosystem, currently on record, are all extremely expensive to implement. A more thorough definition of the environmental and societal objectives and measures of success are required. How the ecosystem will respond to the return of a more natural hydrological pattern is uncertain, but needs to be addressed as the expected and desired outcome through measures of performance. The critical level of deterioration of the Everglades has created a crisis-management atmosphere instead of a full spectrum response and future prevention methodology. The political and social aspects of the Everglades...
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...management competence in public sector infrastructure organisations Pantaleo Mutajwaa Daniel Rwelamila a a Graduate School of Business Leadership, University of South Africa, UNISA 0003, South Africa Online Publication Date: 01 January 2007 To cite this Article: Rwelamila, Pantaleo Mutajwaa Daniel (2007) 'Project management competence in public sector infrastructure organisations', Construction Management and Economics, 25:1, 55 - 66 To link to this article: DOI: 10.1080/01446190601099210 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01446190601099210 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article maybe used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with...
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