...Business School Course Title: MSc Academic Year: 2010/2011 Deadline Date: August 31, 2011 Module Code: BMS0013 Module Title: Postgraduate Dissertation Dissertation Title ------------------------------------------------- A Study for Implementation of Electronic Government upervisor Name: Stephen Gibbs Student Name: ALMABROK ALHUMRY ID Number: 1072062 Word Count: 17,711 Table of Contents Acknowledgements 5 Abstract 7 1. Chapter One: Introduction 9 1.1 Introduction 9 1.2 Research Title 10 1.3 Research Question 10 1.4 Aims of Research 10 1.5 Research Background 10 1.6 Research Scope and Limitations 11 1.7 Research Objectives 12 1.8 About Libya 13 2. Chapter Two: Literature Review 14 2.2 E-Government Benefits 14 2.3 E-Government for Developing Countries 16 2.4 Characteristics of Electronic government Services 17 2.5 E-Administration___ A part of e-government 18 2.6 Existing Administration System of Libya 19 2.8 E-Government in Libya 26 2.9 ICT Knowledge in Libya 28 2.10 E-Government Problems in Libya 30 2.12 Stages of E government Development 32 2.17.2 Training Public Employees for E-Government 41 2.18 Risks associated with E-government 42 2.19 Summary of Literature Review 42 3. Chapter Three: Research Methodology 48 3.1 Research Design 48 3.2 Research Methodology 49 3.3 Conceptual Framework 50 4. Chapter Four: Research Analysis 63 4.1 Research Limitation 63 4.2 Analysis Plan 64 ...
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...QUESTION 4 When a firm is looking for new and better ways of competing, it will begin to look outside its own domestic country. Or in some instances they will start getting business and exporting their goods/services to an outside country more frequently or in other cases a firm is performing poorly in their on domestic market. This gives birth to internalization of a company. When a company decides to go international it means they are now operating outside their own country. Companies then come up with strategies and ways of how to expand their business internationally. The firm must look at the key success factors that will give them the competitive edge. Their plans must include the cost structure, the risks they will face and how to...
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...------------------------------------------------- Analysis of an organisation’s Business Environment ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Submitted To: ------------------------------------------------- Submitted By: Date of Submission: Executive Summary: Before setting up business organization, the owner or the manager of that organization decides which function the business organization has to perform and design its objectives. After those organizations have to decide about which strategies they use to achieve these objectives. There are some internal and external parties involved with large or even small business organization known as stakeholders. Stakeholders may be shareholders, managers or employees, customers, suppliers, lenders, and government. They have some objectives also. Organizations are responsible for their objectives. Organizations are also responsible to the society, and their customers. Every organization should concern about the business and cultural environment. Understanding the business and cultural environment organization can find out its strength, weakness, opportunity, and threats. Knowing these organization can overcome the threats and weakness and can go global. Through international trade organization can easily import or export goods and services which help to increase their economic conditions. Objective of British...
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...internationally? In order to understand Chami’s decision we have to take into account which reasons he argued for expanding his business outside of Lebanon. First of all, Lebanon was a very unstable country and when Chabros received by occasion the first orders from Lebanese customers in Dubai he did not think twice to expand into this country. In 1998 they opened their first branch outside of Lebanon, which led automatically to a share of risk in their operations. From this point on Chabros did not depend anymore on one single market. Another important reason for the expansion was that they could significantly increase their sales numbers. Change in expansion motivations Through this first very positive experience Chami was convinced about his internationalisation plans and his next country on the list was Saudi Arabia. The market entry was not as easy and successful as the one in Dubai. This was partially due to a different strategy with Italian partners as a joint venture which caused problems through cultural differences (Both Italian partners left the market between the first and second year). Shortly after this Chabros faced supply problems due to a much higher demand than they could deliver on time. Therefore Chabros changed for the first time their expansion motivations because they opened an office in Serbia not in order to expand their business in this country. They expanded because they needed to ensure a certain production capacity. First Chabros subsidized its supplier...
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...position of the business and what needs to be done in order to achieve certain marketing objectives. A Marketing Audit can be done effectively using the following steps, we will be applying these steps to our given scenario; The umbrella factory, and since no name was given in the scenario, we shall name it: Rain&Sun. 'R&S' for short. • Assemble an overview of R&S: We already know that R&S is a newly-found company, therefore no marketing actions were taken before reaching out to Global Marketing LTD, this allows us to innovate new marketing campaigns in a fresh way totally controlled by Global Marketing LTD. We also know the production capacity of R&S, 200 umbrellas/day current, 700 umbrellas/day maximum. We are aware that the umbrellas can be manufactured in any color or design, which is very important to produce visually attractive product. • Describe the marketing goals and objectives of R&S: These objectives must be set in accordance with the vision and objectives of the management team at R&S, in our given scenario, R&S aims to have a sizeable piece of the market within one year, another way of stating the parameters of success is to achieve a sales rate of 700 umbrellas per day, which is the current maximum manufacturing capacity. Since no particular market has been set in the scenario, lets assume that the market is the Libyan national market. • Describe the current customers of R&S: Since R&S is a new company, they currently have no customers in Libya. • Describe...
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...evolving with the ever changing times every businesses faces. “The goal of HRM is to maximize the productivity of an organization by optimizing the effectiveness of its employees while simultaneously improving the work life of employees and treating employees as valuable resources,” according to reference to business. Within this paper many areas of Human Resource management such as the EEO and affirmative action, the planning and recruitment process, the selection and development process, the compensation and benefits process, the safety, health, and employee and labor relations will be examined. Every business big or small should have long and short term goals and a strategic plan to achieve those goals in order to increase the market value of that organization. When you speak of HRM, you speak of people, every business has to have people, and having a well-developed HRM department will allow the business to gain their employment, develop their skills, and keep them motivated and happy while working for the organization. Listed below are the major everyday strategic HRM tasks; •planning and alignment •staffing •preparing compensation offers •orchestrating cultural change Let’s begin with HR planning. Strategic HR planning is a very important part of strategic HR management. It combines HR management to the strategic mission or goals of the organization. Finding the right person with the right skills at the right time is a must as well as looking...
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...Phaedra Elliott Professor DuBois International Business 300 6/6/2011 Country Analysis: Italy Introduction: Each country had it own history of economic policies and political climates that make it a good idea to invest in. Countries that have been in existence for centuries and have sustained a power within the entire world are usually the best choices to engage in business with. When determining the business it was unanimously decided that the partners wanted to start a makeup venture in a part of the world where there is a rich historical and profitable market. The partners looked at many factors in deciding which country to choose, which included personal backgrounds and knowledge of international business and countries, and decided on Italy. While none of our partners have prior knowledge of the Italy the country seemed to be the best option in order to have a profitable business. The partners set out with the goal to have the business succeed and flourish in Italy. In order to do this we had to look in depth at many factors that would contribute to the partners starting a prosperous business. While many people believe that finances are the key to success, in reality factors such as history, culture, politics, economy, and the market are vital to understand if a lucrative business is to be achieved abroad. History: Italian history is a rich and interesting one. It began with the Greeks settles in the southern tip of the Peninsula in the 8th and 7th centuries...
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...previously been submitted for academic examination towards any qualification. Furthermore, it represents my own opinions and not necessarily those of the University. Signed __________________ Date _________________ ABSTRACT This research is focused on analysing the role played by Social media in the Arab Uprisings. During l8-day period, the Egyptian protesters succeeded to a large extent in achieving maximum publicity and attracting the attention of the world by mobilizing news media coverage of their protests. The role of media is to provide information and communicate messages to others. Media played a significant role in ringing political changes to the countries belonging to Arab region. Since a long time, the people of Egypt, Tunisia, Libya and other countries were facing problems due to the unequal and biased policies developed in the country by the leaders. These riots turned out to be an outcome of the frustrations and annoyance which were filling up the people of Egypt and Tunisia. With the incident when Mohamed Bouazizi set himself ablaze in Tunisia due to the injustice and unequal behaviour, a wave of frustration, riots and protests ran through the citizen of Arab. This research provides an overview of how media is represented as a medium fo communication. It has described the reasons and factors which led the people to come on streets and bring...
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...Guiness. Currently, Diageo is operating in approximately 180 countries in the world. (marketline 2015) This report will aim to explain and analyze the influences of external factors and their importance to the business of Diageo and provide some critical suggestions to the organization to improve its performance. 2.0 Task 1 - A brief overview of the main external factors Diageo plc divides their international market into 5 main different segments base on geography: North America, Western Europe, Africa, Eastern Europe and Turkey, Asia Pacific, Latin America and Caribbean. In financial year (FY) 2014, the company has a significant loss to compare with FY2013: 9.2% in overall revenues, 19.9% in operating profit and 14.5% in net profit (marketline 2015). According to Ivan Menezes, chief executive of Diageo, the flop in revenues was the consequence of challenges from macroeconomics and market. (Eads 2014) The FY2014 annual report shows that there were significant declines of recorded sales in all 5 segments of the business. It is undeniable evidence that external factors create many difficulties for the business. Therefore, this report aims to explain the impact and importance of some main external factors such as economic factor, politics and social factor to the business of Diageo. 2.1 Economic factors The economic environments include monetary policy, exchange rates, inflations, unemployment rate and government spending (Fee 2013). As a multinational company, exchange rate...
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...Airways A report on one of the world’s leading airline management systems Prepared by: Course Number: Course Convenor: Course Lecturer: Associate Lecturer: Word Count: Due Date: Extension Approved: Joel Sinclair 2513BPS Mr B Ginn Mr D McBrien Ms P Milton 3004 4 May 2012 14 May 2012 th th i 2513BPS s2793459 Executive Summary The purpose of this report is to review the management system of Etihad Airways. The report analyses Etihad Airways and draws information, justification, and conclusions from the company documents and academic resources. The report is 3000 words, and should be considered by the reader to be a broad overview of the company. The analysis conducted considered organisation background, and how that impacted organisational culture, and structure. In addition to this, the report outlined strategic management and how Etihad Airways stands out in the aviation industry. The report found that Etihad Airways has an Islamic background, that is evident in the fact Etihad is a state- owned airline, established by royal decree in Abu Dhabi. Despite the fact traditional Islamic views were depicted in accessibility of prayer rooms and announced prayers before departures etc., Etihad Airways showed evidence that they sought to accommodate for western culture. This was reflected in the availability of alcoholic beverages and through the company’s objectives that stated; the airline seeks...
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...Economic Commission for Africa The Millennium Development Goals in Africa: Progress and Challenges Economic Commission for Africa The Millennium Development Goals in Africa: Progress and Challenges August 2005 © 2005. Economic Commission for Africa Material from this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted. Acknowledgment is requested, together with a copy of the publication. The views expressed are those of the original authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations. Project coordinator: Adrian Gauci Editorial coordination: Cristina Müller Team: Abebe Shimeles, Workie Mitiku, Vanessa Steinmayer, Reto Thoenen This report was produced with guidance and input from Augustin Fosu, Director of the Economic and Social Policy Division of the ECA. It benefited greatly from the revisions of Bartholomew Armah and Kwabia Boateng. Special thanks to Lorna Davidson for the final editing, to Akwe Amosu for her valuable input, and to Seifu Dagnachew and Teshome Yohannes for creative and efficient lay-out and production. The report was designed by the ECA Communication Team and printed by the Documents Reproduction and Distribution Unit, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Photo credits (left to right): Front cover- R. Zurba/USAID, J. Dunlop/USAID, R. Zurba/USAID, M. Crozet/ILO. Back cover- J. Maillard/ILO, T. Brunette/USAID, I. Getachew/UNICEF. Table of Contents Acronyms .....................................................................
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...Importing 101 – United States By Janice Dotti, Fair Trade Federation This guide is for fair trade organizations that have a desire to import goods into the US. Once you have gone through the preliminary steps to start your import business (determining what product to sell, conducting market analysis, creating company mission, and others), consult this guide for an outline of how to import products in the United States. Please note that every product has specific criteria, rules, and regulations. Therefore, you will need to consult the resources listed throughout this document for the specific criteria for your business and product. This document is merely a general overview to guide you through the basics of the importing process. § Locate Supplier(s) For fair trade importers, locating producer partners is the most important step. If you have not yet found fair trade suppliers, try consulting the International Fair Trade Association directory (www.ifat.org) or ask the Fair Trade Federation (www.fairtradefederation.org) to recommend specific products or producer groups. § Determine Method of Transport Please note that there are different import processes and quotas for importation via boat, air, and mail. You need to determine the best mode of transport for your specific items. As you decide, take the following factors into consideration: customer deadlines, your budget, producer’s production time...
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...this Analysis is British Airways. Based at Heathrow Airport in London, British Airways is the biggest international airline in the UK. It deals in domestic and international carriage of freight and mail as well as ancillary services. Privatized in 1987, it has continued to increase in growth in spite of stiff competition (Finance Yahoo). This paper analyses the industry and external environment alongside an evaluation of the strategic options of the organization and the change process within the organization as related to the calculation and analysis of the Enterprise Value, to determine the recommended purchase price of the organization. Analysis of the external and Industry environment of British Airways PESTEL analysis Political From the political aspect, government and political instability affect the routes operated by many airline companies. For example, the Arab spring that affected a number of countries in North Africa and the Middle East such as Libya, Syria, Egypt and Tunisia affected British Airways through flight cancellations (Finance Yahoo). Economic Due to global economy recession, the share price of British Airways has fluctuated while insurance costs of British Airways rose because of the fear of terrorism and tighter security checks at the airport (Finance Yahoo). Due to fuel price fluctuations, companies are cutting down on travel costs by using alternative communication systems such as Teleconferencing (Finance Yahoo). Socio-cultural As evidenced...
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...International Business Environment Name: University: Course Title: Instructor: Date: Executive Summary International business environment changes in the last couple of years have had a significant impact on the sectors of the world economy more so the airline sector, with this in mind the term paper focused on the impact of changes in the international business environment on the airline industry. International business environment is viewed as the most contexts for international business and comprehending how forces in this environment impact the business operations is the difference between business failure and success. To this end, the research established various changes in the business environment that have taken place in political, economic, financial and socio-cultural circles. Political changes especially the Arab spring have had far reaching impact on the airline sector with fall in passenger numbers to these destination as well as the rise in fuel prices negatively impacting the growth of the industry, political instability in other areas as well as laws regulating the airline sector have been on the rise as countries seek to protect local airlines, the economic crisis slowed down the growth of the sector but with the recovery process on track, the airline industry is expected to grow into the foreseeable future, issues such a new taxes for example carbon tax in Europe, the unstable foreign exchange market and inflationary pressures...
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...opposite the editorials.) Depending on the type and the stance of the newspaper, these opinions may vary considerably in their ideological presuppositions. This rather common formulation seems to imply that the ideologies of journalists somehow influence their opinions, which in turn influence the discourse structures of the opinión articles. Within the framework of a larger project on discourse ideology, this chapter examines some of the theoretical properties of these complex relafions between ideology, opinions and media discourse. For instance, we need to spell out what exactly we mean by 'ideology' here, what the nature is of the common-cense notion of an 'opinion', and by what discourse structures they may be expressed. At one level of analysis, opinions and ideologies involve beliefs or mental representations, and our approach therefore first takes a 22 Teun A. van Dijk cognitive perspective. On the other hand, the ideologies and opinions of newspapers are usually not personal, but social, institutional or political. This requires an account in terms of social or societal structures. In fact, we integrate both approaches finto one sociocognitive theory that deals with shared social representations and their acquisition and uses in social contexts. And finally, since we examine in particular the sometimes subtle textual expressions of ideologically based opinions, this sociocognitive orientation will be embedded in a discourse analytical framework (for details, see van Dijk...
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