...RUNNING HEAD: LEININGER’S THEORY OF CULTURE CARE Critique Paper Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality University of Virginia Theoretical Foundation of Nursing Abstract The Cultural Care Diversity and Universality Theory provides a conceptual framework to discover and explain diversities and similarities of care practices, within a cultures context. The theory is highly complex, and has many levels of scope, in relation to human cultures and nursing worldwide. Culture care is applicable to any culture and many diverse settings. The theory is accessible as a guide to research and can lead to empirical precision. The Sunrise Enabler provides a “visual map” that depicts the multi-factoring influences of culture described in the Culture Care Theory. The United States has become a very pluralistic society and continues to grow in international and ethnic diversity daily. In 2006, Louis Kincannon, Census Bureau Director, stated that “about one in three U.S. residents is a minority.” In 2006, of the United States population, 66% were white or European, 15% Hispanic America, 13% African America, 5% Asian American, and 0.4% Native American (United States Census Bureau, 2006). By 2020 they project that only 53% of the U.S. population is going to be white of European descent. In addition, by 2020 the Hispanic Americans and Asian Americans will triple, while the number of African Americans is expected to double (U.S. Census Bureau, 2006). Considering these...
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...Diversity in the Workplace The aim of this paper is to review literature on the issues of diversity in the workplace. We can ask ourselves why is diversity in the workplace so important? Some arguments suggest that it may benefit to an organization and company success. This topic has been researched and discussed for many years before us and is still current in health care and in general. As I was preparing for this week learning adventure, I can say that, besides our chapters in textbooks, I read so many different articles, but for this paper I have chosen the article written by Maier- Lorentz Transcultural nursing: Its importance in nursing practice. I found this article easy to understand and fallow through and I agree with many things listed and discussed by the author. We can define diversity in many different ways many years ago diversity was defined mainly by gender, race, or color. In today’s world, we can also add on sexual orientation, military experience, education, work experience, marital status and many more. With a diverse workforce health care can compete with the higher achieving global organization. This article is discussing important of diversity in the nursing profession. As we can see from the article increasing culturally diverse workforce creates positive outcome for the hospital or organization, and also helps in delivering better care for patients and families (Maier-Lorentz, 2008). That is why this issue has been incorporated through nursing...
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...Diversity in the Workplace We live in a society today that is culturally diverse. With this diversity of the population, comes the need for a diverse and culturally competent nursing workforce to care appropriately for patients. The purpose of this paper is to examine diversity in the workplace, its importance to nursing as a profession and its impact on the delivery of culturally competent nursing care. Importance of Diversity in the Workplace Huston (2014) reveals that age, gender, customs, religion, physical size, physical and mental capabilities, beliefs, culture, ethnicity, and skin color are all forms of diversity. Despite the shift in demography of today’s society, which reflects an increasingly culturally diverse population (Phillips and Malone, 2014), the majority of nurses in the workforce are white, middle-aged females (Mattson, 2009). Making the nursing workplace more heterogeneous, diverse and representative of the population (Phillips and Malone, 2014), helps to promote quality of care and decrease disparities in healthcare (Huston, 2014). Maier-Lorentz (2008) adds that diversity in the workplace fosters cultural competency, which is vital to the provision of holistic and optimal care to this diverse patient population. Summary of One Aspect of Diversity One aspect of Diversity in the workplace is Generational diversity. With the current aging nursing population averaging forty-years of age (Mason, Leavitt and Chaffee, 2014), the current nursing...
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...The impact of diversity in work place Janevine Onyeanuna Walden University Issues and Trends in Nursing NURS 3000 Section 04 Dr Mary Tan March 15, 2015 The impact of diversity in work place Knowledge of the impact of diversity is nesseccary at all levels of nursing work place because the nursing work place is made up individuals of diverse cultural group and so the ethnocentric approach to nursing practice should be eliminated in providing care. A good nursing care to a patient is clear, accurate communication and understanding of the patient’s values, belief system and family dynamics. The purpose of this paper explains the impact of gender, ethnic, demographic diversity on nursing profession and also the effect of underrepresentation of minorities nursing profession. Importance of Diversity in the Work place Cultural diversity in nursing profession is a cross- cultural health discipline, which encompasses the belief system of a variety of groups; it refers to the differences between individuals based on beliefs, customs, and ideology as evidenced in their way of life. Nurses bring their cultural and philosophical views into nursing profession so there fore its needful for them to understand the nurse- patient relationship, nurse- nurse relationship which includes the culture of the nurse, the culture of the co-worker and the culture of the patient, and the culture of the setting. Patients...
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...Culture Care Diversity and Universality Biography of Madeleine Leininger Madeleine Leininger’s theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality was developed in the 1960’s. The idea for this self-developed theory was constructed after Leininger recognized that nursing’s metaparadigm was missing two major components: care and culture (Leininger & McFarland, 2006). While working on a med-surg unit in the 1940’s, Leininger recognized many patients often reported that nursing care practices helped them get well, stay well, or adjust to another state of well-being ( Leininger & McFarland, 2006). In the 1950’s while working as a child psychiatric mental health nurse, Leininger realized the importance of culture in the care of children of different backgrounds (Leininger, 2001). From these experiences, Leininger reported thoughts of helplessness and culture shock due to her lack of knowledge of cultural factors that influenced nursing care. This led her to pursue doctorial studies in anthropology in the 1960’s. During this time, the theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality was developed. Brief Examination of Theory The general premise of this theory suggests that people of different cultures can define ways they experience and perceive nursing care and can also relate their experiences to their general health beliefs and practices (George, 2007). Leininger believed that people of different cultures can inform and direct professionals in such a manner to receive...
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...Global and Cultural Awareness In the majority of the health care systems in the world, extensive processes of international collaboration and migration present the profession of nursing with an escalating challenge in terms of cultural diversity. Ideally, cultural awareness in health care provision entails being sensitive to the different values and perceptions of members of a given community. This is because with the rise in the world population, the percentage relating to minorities has been steadily on the rise and thus the relevance of understanding the aspect of global and cultural awareness. In essence, the adoption of a culturally competent system of health care is important as this ensures that health care professionals remain sensitive to the existent differences between groups, not only in accordance to the outward behavior but also to attitudes relating to emotional events like pain, disability and depression (Christine & Karren, 2013). In this paper I will discuss the scope of global and cultural awareness in relation to the health care system by depicting the various aspects that surround the scope of global and cultural awareness. Factors of culture affecting an individual’s health status The various cultural factors that may have an impact on an individual’s health status are literacy levels, ethnicity, traditions, and health disparities. Literacy levels bear a significant influence on an individual’s health status with the issue affecting many people in the...
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...Culture and Ethnicity Arevalo-Flechas, L. (2009). Diversity: From the White House to “Our House”. AORN Journal. 89(2), 261-264. Diversity in the government with the continuous mass immigration creates a new environment in which the nursing practice should conform and adjust its standard to provide invaluable care to everyone. This article discusses the role of perioperative nurses in providing excellent care to culturally diverse population. This can be done through cross-cultural training and tools to assist in developing skills such as self awareness, communication and new learning. Culturally and Linguistically Appropriately Standards of Service (CLAS) have been created to guide health care agencies in better communication thus better patient satisfaction. There is also the use of cultural broker who acts as an advocate on behalf of another individual from a different culture has gained much attention and greatly enhances communication. Providing in-service to staff, use of interpreters and cultural brokers and implementation of standard collection of data on race and ethnicity creates readiness to deliver culturally competent health services. Lowe, J., Archibald, C. (2009). Cultural Diversity: The Intention of Nursing. Nursing Forum. 44(1), 11-18. This article addresses cultural diversity in nursing and focuses on competence in providing appropriate nursing care to a growing culturally/ethnically diverse patient...
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...Transcultural Nursing Theory Applied Vulnerable Populations I "Nowhere are the divisions of race, ethnicity and culture more sharply drawn that in the health of the people in the United States. Despite recent progress in overall national health, there are continuing disparities in the incidence of illness and death among African Americans, Latino/Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, Asian Americans, Alaskan Natives and Pacific Islanders as compared with the US population as a whole." --National Center for Cultural Competence Population addressed Population addressed In 1950, U.S.-born whites made up about 90 percent of the U.S. population. By 2000, this number declined to about 75 percent, and by 2050 non-Hispanic whites will be in the numerical minority (U.S. Census Bureau 2001, 2002). This rapid diversification requires healthcare organizations to pay closer attention to cross-cultural issues if they are to meet the healthcare needs of the nation and continue to maintain a high standard of care. Looking at the Country as a whole the current area of discussion for this paper is the area of Western North Carolina and the population of Asheville, which is a melting pot of cultures which the combination they create is unique to no other. According to the 2006 U.S. Census Bureau statistics for Asheville, N.C. the current demographics break down as follows: Asheville [City] Population (current estimate), 70,400. Buncombe County Population (2006), 222,174, county in...
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...The Importance of Diversity Elements in the Nursing Profession This paper consists of various elements of diversity and how they affect the nursing profession. Interpreting the underrepresentation of minority groups in the workplace. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the nursing profession can benefit in numerous ways from being culturally competent and recognizing minority groups exist in the workplace. Importance of Diversity in the Workplace Nursing has a long history of being uniform from the nursing attire, all the way down to the education and practice (Bednorz, Schim, & Doorenbos 2010, p. 254). According to "Culturally Competent Nursing Care and Promoting Diversity in Our Nursing Workplace," (2015) "Diversity awareness refers to an active, ongoing conscious process in which we recognize similarities and differences within and between various cultural groups" (p. 10). There are several reasons why nurses should examine the impact of diversity in the nursing profession. For the nurse to provide safe, adequate healthcare delivery it requires cultural awareness, knowledge, and skills. "Culturally Competent Nursing Care and Promoting Diversity in Our Nursing Workplace," (2015) reports the importance of diversity awareness is imperative due to federal regulations on discrimination, competitive healthcare, population diversity and increasing health disparities (p. 7). "Culturally Competent Nursing Care and Promoting Diversity in Our Nursing Workplace," (2015)...
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...The Journey into Cultural Care and Diversity in Nursing: A Personal Framework I have had the opportunity to work in many different areas of nursing, and have learned a great deal regarding cultural care and diversity among patients and their families. I have used my past experiences in each different unit and healthcare facility to improve my communication and rapport with my patients and their families to improve the continuity of care. I have been exposed to patients from different countries, cultures, and religions on a daily basis. I believe that it is crucial for the nurse to build a trusting non-judgmental relationship with the patient and their families to show compassion. When caring for patients I listen to their concerns, decrease the stress levels and improve communication and recovery. As a nurse I must take in consideration the culture and religion in which they come from, and care for them appropriately to avoid upset and miscommunication. My goal and focus is to use holistic care to provide the patient with a successful recovery. My personal framework paper will be expressing my own personal journey as a bedside nurse and using my own personal beliefs, values, and philosophies related to caring for culturally diverse patients. Madeleine Leininger’s Cultural Care Diversity and Universality Theory, and the nursing metaparadigm will be discussed, and shown how it is incorporated into my daily nursing practice. Philosophy In McEwen and Wills (2011), Empiricism...
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...Running Head: CUTURALLY COMPETENT CARE Introduction Globalization has changed the way we live. The population demographic of United States is changing at a fast pace as every year people from different cultural and ethnic background are immigrating to the United States. By 2020, the number of ethnic minority in the United States will grow up to 35%. Immigration is an ongoing process and has brought a variety of culture and knowledge to the United States. The diversity of population is affecting the healthcare delivery system in the country. Nurses play a major role in the delivery of healthcare. Nurses are the direct caregivers to patients and spend maximum time with the patients and their family. “As the demographic composition of Western industrialized countries continues to diversify, the need for nurses to practice with cultural competence becomes essential” (Canales & Barbara, 2001, p. 103). Culturally Competent care Culturally competent care values diversity and respect individual differences regardless of one’s own race, beliefs, and cultural background. Culture can be defined as beliefs, values, customs and lifeway of a group of people that influence their choices in choosing health care practices. These behaviors are primarily learned in the family and are transmitted in the family. Culture is mostly unconscious and has strong influence on health practices. Subcultures, ethnic groups differ from the dominant culture and may have...
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...Congruence with Current Nursing Standards The Texas Board of Nursing (TX BON) states “A professional nurse is responsible for providing safe, compassionate, comprehensive nursing care to patients and their families with complex healthcare needs” (Practice- Registered Nurse n.d.). One of the standards set forth by TX BON is “the maintenance of health, or prevention of illness”. Leininger’s theory says when an individual’s cultural expectations are not met or overlooked can delay progress or lead to worsening health. A nurse is not able to maintain health or prevent illness if he/she is faced with the obstacle lacking cultural knowledge and awareness. Therefore, nurses must approach each patient encounter uniquely with what is learned through literature and from clinical experiences in developing a nursing care plan. Another scope of practice defined by TX BON is the supervision and...
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...Diversity in the Workplace The United States is facing the need to provide nursing care to an increasing diverse patient population with a nursing workforce that, in itself, is impacted by generational, ethnic and gender differences. The purpose of this paper is to present the importance of diversity in the workplace and delivering culturally competent nursing care, the impact of gender diversity, and the misrepresentation of minorities in the nursing profession. Importance of diversity in the workplace America is a kaleidoscope of cultures, religions, races, and nationalities. The USA Quick Facts from the US Census Bureau shows the following 2011 population statistics: White 63.4%, Hispanic/Latino 16.7%, Black/Afro-American 13.1%, Asian 5.0%, American Indian & Alaska Native 1.2%, and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders. 0.2%. In 2012 minority population increased to 37% and is projected that minorities will be the majority by 2043. Mason, Leavitt & Chaffee (2012) pointed out that as our population “continues to grow and increase its diversity, it is important that the nursing workforce reflect these changes to effectively meet patient care needs and ensure cultural competency” (p. 378). Cultural assessments must be part of the nurse’s health assessment. To be culturally competent nurses need to be aware of their own culture, and the diverse culture of their colleagues and patient populations (Maier-Lorentz, 2008). Culturally competent nursing care is important...
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...Throughout my internship at Margaret Tietz Nursing and Rehabilitation Center, I have developed Advanced Generalist Social Work Practice Competency 2 skills, which is to Engage Diversity and Difference in Practice. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the nursing home with regard to its commitment to supporting equality and challenging oppression in its approach to diversity among its staff. I will include a strategy on how to address cultural differences among staff and residents. Diversity among staff is very important in Margaret Tietz Nursing and Rehabilitation Center that I am interning at this year. The nursing home already understand that bringing diversity of voices in the nursing home from different racial, cultural and economic backgrounds is the right thing to do to meet the needs of all the residents at the nursing home. I have seen that increasing diversity at all staff levels in the nursing home has resulted in better patient outcomes and a deeper connection to the community. A disconnection between staff and the residents that the nursing home serve can present a cultural problem that must be overcome to provide patient-centered care....
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...BRIEF STUDY OF NURSING THEORIES ACCORDING TO FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE, JEAN WATSON AND MADELEINE LEININGER TOLULOPE ADEDIWURA MINOT STATE UNIVERSITY ABSTRACT Nursing as a profession is based on concrete (scientific, philosophical, behavioral, social, and humanities among others), concepts and theories by past and current nursing theorists. These theorists have helped shape the profession from 19th century till date. New theories are emerging due to advance in health care, as off-shoot of previous theories and also as addition to suit present day application. This paper shall look at the works (theories) of Florence Nightingale; Environmental theory, Jean Watson; Human caring theory, and Madeleine Leininger; Culture care diversity and universality and how it relates with Minot State University’s mission statement and philosophy. In addition, the paper will venture into the merits and demerits of these theories. These nursing theorists viewed nursing differently but, have a common goal in aiming to deliver service to clients using different methods. This adds to the dynamism inherent in nursing profession and provides platform upon which improvements are made. Nightingale focuses on manipulating the environment to cater for health needs of patients and prevention of illnesses. Jean Watson presents a care approach view at nursing. She ultimately support the value of caring relationship in dealing with clients. While Madeleine Leininger stress the importance of cultural understanding...
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