...that are in a working-class have the tendency to underachieve in school, in contrast to those students that are middle-class, this is due to external and internal factors. External cultural factors are claimed to be a key cause of social class differences in educational achievement according to various sociologist. These factors consist of Cultural deprivation, cultural capital and material deprivation. Students from working class backgrounds often experience economic problems (poverty) more so than any other class; this is linked to material deprivation which these pupils are exposed to throughout their time. Being in poverty could entail the students not having enough money to buy all the essential equipment that they will need for educational attainment, supported by sociologist - Bull. This is closely linked to educational under achievement for example in 2006 33% of children on pupil premium (free school meals) achieved 5 A* to C grades in comparison to 61% not on pupil premium. However, statistics cannot prove that material deprivation is the cause of under achievement as the government doesn’t always collect statistics that is supporting the claim 100%, therefore the claim cannot generalise. To support this claim sociologist Flaherty also states that having money problems in the family were a significant factor in younger children’s low attendance at school, which links to under achievements at school. The idea that children from working class backgrounds is also...
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...University of Phoenix Material Key Theories of Child Development Worksheet Part I: Fill in the following table with information regarding the main theories identified in the Key Child Developmental Theories activity. |Theory |Approach to research (research |Components of the approach |Historical milestones of the | | |design) | |theory | |Psychosocial Theory |Clinical and case study method |Emphasis on individual’s unique |1940’s observed that Yurok | | | |life history |Indians deprived babies of | | | | |breastfeeding for the first ten | | | | |days of life | |Social Learning Theory |Modeled behaviors |Emphasis on behavior |1992, 2001 places strong | | | |modification |emphasis on how children think | | | | |about themselves and other | | | ...
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...JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING RESEARCH Vol. 9, No. 2 2010 pp. 21–43 American Accounting Association DOI: 10.2308/jiar.2010.9.2.21 The Effect of Institutional and Cultural Factors on the Perceptions of Earnings Management Marshall Geiger and Joyce van der Laan Smith ABSTRACT: In this study we examine the effect of stakeholder orientation versus shareholder orientation, and the level of cultural secrecy on individuals’ perceptions of earnings management practices. Examining perceptions from 1,260 participants from 13 countries indicates that individuals from stakeholder-oriented institutional backgrounds were less accepting of earnings management, including both accounting earnings management and operating earnings management activities, than participants from shareholder-oriented institutional backgrounds, and that individuals from secretive cultures were more accepting of both types of earnings management activities. Our findings provide evidence of the anticipated perceptual differences across countries with respect to earnings management and suggest the need for further research linking perceptions to reported earnings management measures. I. INTRODUCTION constant pressure in accounting and business across the globe is for companies to report stable, if not growing, financial position to stockholders, creditors, analysts, and other interested parties. With this strain comes the pressure on the firm’s financial reporting executives to “manage” the company’s reported...
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...When it comes to illnesses we all have a different of coping with what we’re going through internally. Some people have a high tolerance to pain, while others have a low tolerance. We also look at our cultural factors with how we cope. For example, if I have a headache my grandmother would naturally tell me to drink some type of herbal tea. Then she’d instruct me to take a nap. This is something Jamaicans are known to do, drink tea when we’re not feeling well. On the other hand, I know most of my friends would simply take a pill to relieve the pain. When it comes to health psychology, it’s important for health psychologists to understand the factors surrounding illness. In chapter 8 of Health Psychology, a passage states that before we can...
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...Literature Review By Dev Bhushan Kalra U5511377 Do Cultural factors have an impact on Internationalization of a firm, with special focus on Retailing/Marketing ? Eriksson et all [1] state: “For a firm to go international it has to venture on a journey into the unknown. The step that a firm takes abroad, regardless of the size of the step or whether it is the first or an additional one, involves the commitment of resources to realize perceived business opportunities.” This research is based on the belief that has been widely proven through various researches, that the process of internationalization is not a simple step-by-step, checklist-based process but instead a whole complex phenomenon that involves more factors than what meets the eye. What are the factors effecting internationalization process? Research in this area has been extensive and has been summarised by Cavusgil and Naor (1987), Aaby and Slater (1989) and Zhou and Stan (1998). These factors can be categorised according to whether they are management characteristics, organisation characteristics, external impediments or external incentives to engage in business overseas. Richard Fletcher identifies the important management characteristics are demographic such as age [2] and education [3]; and those involving aspects of international exposure such as country of birth [4], time spent living overseas [5], and frequency of business trips overseas [6]; those which reflect a knowledge of international...
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...analysis (CPA). The CPA focuses on national GDP, levels of consumer wealth, and people’s propensity to consume but ignores “the costs and risks of doing business in the market.” These costs are grouped into a category classified as “distance” which itself is sub-divided into four dimensions: cultural distance, administrative distance, geographic distance, and economic distance [CAGE]. Ghemawat proceeds to list factors that influence distance and industries that are affected by the specific dimension. These results are framed in an artificially created schematic: the CAGE Distance Framework. Important attributes contributing towards cultural distance include different languages, different ethnicities, different religions, and different social norms. Important attributes contributing towards administrative distance include absence of colonial ties, absence of shared monetary or political association, political hostility, government policies, and institutional weakness. Factors toward geographic distance include physical remoteness, lack of a common border, lack of sea or river access, size of country, weak transportation or communication links, and differences in climate. Factors towards economic distance include...
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...What cultural factors must U.S. sports franchises overcome to increase popularity abroad? Sports are very important part of the culture of the United States. When planning to expend a U.S franchise overseas, you must think of the factors of local cultures. To successfully serve new customers, you must understand the cultural differences of their countries. Culture can include social structures, religion, manners and customs, values and attitudes, language, and personal communication” (Nickels, McHugh & McHugh, 2013). In the past our American teams were comprised of primarily only American athletes or American trained athletes. But now as the U.S. sport franchises try and go global they are scouting and recruiting foreign athletes, which makes not only that team but also it might make that sport popular with that country of which these foreign players come from. Just like with any business wanting to go global they have to be willing to adapt to that countries customs and rules, for sports it might mean how they play the sport or the rules of the sport and the overall sportsmanship. One of the potential problems of expanding into other countries is overcoming the cultural barriers. Just because something is popular in the United States does not necessarily mean that it will be popular in other countries. Every country has its own culture, and you may not be able to accurately predict what people in that culture will enjoy. Before getting involved in another country...
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...Cultural factors affect waiting lines. For example, fast checkout lines (e.g.,10 items or fewer) are uncommon in Japan. Why do you think so? When Krispy Kreme donuts entered the Japanese market, people were willing to wait in line for up to three hours to get donuts although another brand of donuts was available. I have tried these donuts and agree that they taste really good, however I would not wait in line for up to three hours for them. The Japanese on the other hand, enjoy standing in line. Japanese people are very patient. If there is no line for a product it may be looked upon as unpopular and of no value. Waiting in line is so common in Japan that it is used as a marketing tool; the Japanese may rent persons to stand in line for them when they are physically challenged or just don’t feel like standing in line but want the product being offered. I feel fast checkout lines are uncommon in Japan because the Japanese are patient people and enjoy waiting in line. They take the attitude that anything of value is worth standing in line for. If there is no line, there is no value. An added benefit of standing in line are the conversations between family members and friends and the memories that they make. Kohlbacher, F., & Holtschneider, U. (2008). Tokyo Queues for You. J@Pan Inc, (78), 24-26. Marquand, R., & Staff, w. (2005, September 27). Japanese queue - gladly - for a 35-foot platypus and falafel. Christian Science Monitor. p....
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...Deciding on the right piece of equipment? By: Maurice T. Wade Student: American Intercontinental University Class: ENG106 Abstract Trying to set out and find the perfect computer for the members of my organization there are several factor that are vitally important. These are factors are but not limited to memory, anti-virus protection, and processing speed. So the best choice of all three of these in one would be a MAC from Apple. This would be the recommendation that I would give. The search has been narrowed down between three units which are Apple IMac 27inch (Late 2012), Dell XPS 27 Touch All in One (2720), last but not least Dell Optiplex 9010 AIO. Trying to set out and find the perfect computer for the members of my organization there are several factor that are vitally important. These are factors are but not limited to memory, RAM size, and processing speed. So the best choice of all three of these in one would be a MAC from Apple. This would be the recommendation that I would give. The search has been narrowed down between three units which are Apple IMac 27inch (Late 2012), Dell XPS 27 Touch All in One (2720), last but not least Dell Optiplex 9010 AIO. So for memory the Dell XPS takes this category by a land slide it comes off the shelf with 2038GB worth of memory. That is an extremely large amount of memory that could definitely come in handy depending on the reason that the organization plans on using the computers. With Apple IMac you are only getting...
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...During the past few years Target has focused on its microenvironmental factors. They have claimed to have focused on 4 primary causes to the overall factor of the company. First off when you talk about Target you also have to mention their greatest competitor which is Walmart. So, the first stage of these factors is Competitors. The main and well known strategy that they use is very low prices that are resonated with the consumer. This all started when the economy took a plunge into recession and consumers were trying to savor every penny they had in pocket. This led to a decline in market share for target because Walmart then has the largest microenvironment as a competitor with a low costing store. Next on the list of factors is the customers that buy from these stores. As mentioned in the beginning as the recession started customers started relying more on coupons and other ways to save a dollar. This was so wide spread over the U.S. because unemployment rates rose to their all-time highs. Target is very well-known for their style and having slightly higher prices than Walmart for the “better quality” that a customer didn’t have a problem paying before the recession. Overall this idea of being fashionable and spending a few extra dollars on merchandise led to a decrease in customers for Target because they were not being cost savvy for the average customer. If they had done a better job in fulfilling customer satisfaction than Walmart did then they could have had the higher...
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...Purchase here http://homeworkgoods.com/math-117-entire-class Product Description Week 1 week 1 (x y)3 = x y3.doc week 1 3 exponent rules.doc week 1 dividing by a binomial.doc week 1 dividing by a monomial.doc week 1 evaluate a polynomial.doc week 1 the sign of the base.doc Week 2 math 117 week2- determine the difference of two squares.doc Week 3 week 3 factoring solve quadratic.doc week 3 find the GCF.doc week 3 How is doing operations.doc week 3 Least common denominators.doc week 3 not in factored form.doc week 3 number game.doc week 3 process of canceling like factors.doc week 3 understand exponent rules when multiplying rational.doc week 3 what are rational expressions.doc week 3 zero-factor property.doc Week 4 week 4 cancel factors not terms.doc week 4 necessary to perform a check.doc week 4 undefined value for 1(x ¿C 4).doc Week 5 week 5 first step to solve rational equation.doc week 5 describe two exponent laws.doc week 5 first condition for a simplified radical.doc week 5 index of a radical.doc week 5 true or false 28 ¿C 4í¦2.doc week 5 true or false for 2 radical statements.doc week 5 true or false for 2 statements.doc week 5 what are radical expressions.doc week 5 what must be true about the radicand and the index.doc week 5 why to check your answer.doc week 5 Why to simplify radical expressions.doc Week 6 Week 6 Concept Check Pythagorean Theorem.doc Week 7 week 7 how to complete the square.doc week 7 how to use...
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...1. Review the list of factors that may contribute to building positive brand equity (list one). Which factors do you think would be the main contributors to a firm’s brand equity? 1. Product range 2. Relative product quality 3. Word-of-mouth 4. Social ‘status’ of the product 5. Visibility of the product 6. Market share (extent of popularity) 7. Success of new products 8. Target markets 9. Competitive set 2. Now review the second list of brand equity benefits. Which ones do you consider to be the main benefits? 1. Increased sales 2. Price premium 3. Customer loyalty 4. Perceived popularity and real visibility 5. Point-of-sale merchandise uptake 6. Supplier bargaining power 7. New product success 8. More product line extensions 9. Significant competitive advantage 10. Point-of-sale merchandise uptake 11. Easier market development 12. Stable cash flow and easier planning 3. Looking at the two lists, do you think that there is a relationship between the two? That is, does a strength/performance in one list contribute to a better result for a similar factor in the other list? (Example, a strong brand can be built by social media, yet strong brands will generally have a greater social media presence and uptake.) Yes, I imagine that there is a relationship between the two records. According to my perspective I surmise that is does quality in one rundown add to a superior result for a comparable...
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...Employers to Achieve Equal Pay An Easy Read Guide is also available as a quick reference for all users including employers of small business and employees in general. The publications are available at the EOC website. Should you require clarifications on these publications or obtain the hard copies, please contact the Equal Opportunities Commission. Enquiries Fax Email Website : 2511-8211 : 2511-8142 : eoc@eoc.org.hk : www.eoc.org.hk AN ILLUSTRATION ON DEVELOPING AN ANALYTICAL JOB EVALUATION SYSTEM FREE OF SEX BIAS TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 Analytical Job Evaluation Selection of Factors for Job Comparison Defining Factor Levels Developing a Scoring System Job Evaluation Template Part 5 Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Introducing a Gender-neutral Job Evaluation System Job Description Template Sample Factor Level Definitions 1 2 7 12 15 19 20 24 25 INTRODUCTION This is a supplementary book to the “Guide to Employers on Equal Pay between Men & Women”. The purpose is to illustrate the mechanism of an analytical job evaluation system that is free of sex bias. The tool presented is not intended to be a prescribed job evaluation methodology for compliance with...
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...chool of Information Technology 1. (30 points) The following formula describes a large company’s number of viruses, V, on employee computers. The variable, t, is time, in years, since 2002. Answer the following questions showing all of your work. = 5√ + 12 a. How many viruses were reported in 2003 ( = 1)? b. How many viruses were reported in 2006 ( = 4)? c. How many viruses were reported in 2038 ( = 36)? d. Using the information on number of viruses reported in the year 2003, 2006, and 2038, describe the company’s increase in viruses on employee computers since 2002. 2. (25 points) Write a prime trinomial and state why it cannot be factored. 3. (25 points) Pick three random numbers and find the greatest common factor of all three. 4. (20 points) Write the formula of the trinomial factoring and provide one example. School of Drafting and Design 1. (30 points) The following formula describes the penalty fee, F, in thousands of dollars, a company has to pay if the building project is not completed by the deadline. The variable, t, is time, in days, past the deadline. Answer the following questions showing all of your work. = 6√ + 80 a. What is the fee if the project is completed 1 day after the deadline ( = 1)? b. What is the fee if the project is completed 4 days after the deadline ( = 4)? c. What is the fee if the project is completed 49 day after the deadline ( = 49)? d. Using the information on project completion, describe the fee increase if the company...
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...traditional domed (выпуклые) trunks, established his reputation as a master luggage-maker. Vuitton began covering his trunks in grey canvas, which was both elegant and waterproof. After a huge success LV started to make shoes, watches, jewelry, accessories, sunglasses and books. (2nd slide) Political factors The global luxury goods market can be separated into America, Europe, Japan, Asia-Pacific, and rest of countries by region. Overall, the major luxury goods consumption countries have relatively stable political environment in recent years. However, in southern Europe, the governments’ financial turmoil and austerity measures indicated an underlying weakening demand of luxury goods for local people. But the gap was filled by travelers from other countries. The import duty policy in different countries is another factor should be considered in the industry. The high import duty will be part reason of high price differences between different countries. Consequently, the grey market can be formed in the countries which have high price differences. (3 slides) Economical factors The major stores of LV are based in Europe, so the euro exchange rate will be an important factor to...
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