...Describe and evaluate cultural variations in attachments. Attachment is an affectional bond that one person or animal forms between itself and another specific individual, for example a child and its mother. Attachment has been said to vary depending on different cultures.A test was conducted by Ainsworth & Bell (1970) on the attachment on children. 100 middle-class American infants and their mothers took part in the study. A method of controlled observation was developed. This involved observing infants with their mother during a set of predetermined activities, known as the strange situation. Firstly, the mother and child are introduced to the room. The mother and child are left alone and the child can investigate the toys. A stranger then enters the room and talks with the mother. The stranger gradually approaches the infant with a toy. The mother leaves the child alone with the stranger, and the stranger interacts with the child. The mother returns to greet and comfort the child. The child is left on its own, the stranger then returns and tries to engage with the child. Finally the mother returns, greets and picks up the child. The stranger then leaves inconspicuously.This test was conducted to observe children’s attachment with their mothers. The Findings showed that 66% of the children were securely attached. This was shown as the infants tended to explore the unfamiliar room; they were distressed when their mother left and were easily comforted when she returned...
Words: 1076 - Pages: 5
...definite rule book on how to raise a child. This is because raising a child is a different and unique experience for each parent depending on social influences, environmental circumstances, religion, culture, and traditions. One of the many decisions new parents have to make is bedtime routines, sleeping arrangements, and choosing between breast-feeding vs. bottle-feeding. Parents often receive advise from friends, family, and media but ultimately the choice is up to the parents on what habits they want to form with their infant. These decisions may be made based on the parents’ schedule, what is more convenient, or what they feel best is for the baby’s growth. While researching what preferences parents have I read the article titled, “Cultural Variations in Infants’ Sleeping Arrangements:...
Words: 1464 - Pages: 6
...Morelli et al.’s “Cultural Variation in Infants’ Sleeping Arrangements: Questions of Independence” was a fascinating article which introduced the differences and similarities of caretaking for infants among two cultures. The report specifically looked at personal and cultural child raising practices between Mayan mothers from Guatemala and Caucasian mothers from the states. They were interviewed about their infants sleeping arrangements and locations, bedtime routines, and night time feeding practices. Once recognizing the differences that were presented, the subject was interviewed for comparison to the two cultures described in the article. The subject interviewed for this project is named Molly. She is thirty-seven years old. Molly is Caucasian and African American. Her parents were upper-middle class, both born and raised in Michigan. Molly described her childhood as traditional but yet feeling out of place being bi-racial. She was her mother's only child but the youngest of five out of her father’s children. After graduating from high school,...
Words: 905 - Pages: 4
...D1: Analyse cultural variations can influence communication The world culture is a word for people's 'way of life', meaning the way groups do things like for example when you are Muslim you choice to where a burkas in public and if you are a Hindu you choice where about they put their bindi if it is high on their head to represent if there rich or poor. In families the culture of the family will be passed down for example if you are born into a family that believe in wearing a burka so the young children will be brought up to wear it and it will be passed down through the family. Different groups of people may have different cultures. A culture is passed on to the next generation by learning, whereas genetics are passed on by heredity. Culture is seen in people's writing, religion, music, clothes, cooking, and in what they do. Culture refers to the ethos of a group of people that believe in the same things and they believe it to be a culture. A culture of participation should demonstrate a commitment to the involvement of children and young people that might be shared by managers, practitioners, children and young people. Culture has frequently been identified as a barrier to communication. As Davies and Marken (1998) suggest 'our popular and official culture in deeply embedded ways defines young people as too uninformed, unreliable and untrustworthy to carry responsibility.' There is a fear that somehow children are going to ask for the wrong things or say the wrong thing to...
Words: 1224 - Pages: 5
...Outline and evaluate research into cross cultural variations in attachment. There are three main experiments that deal with the hypothesis of cross cultural variations in attachment by using the basis of the Strange Situation test. Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg (1988) these two men created a meta-analysis which is where they collect already completed experiments and compare them too each other on a specific topic. This allows researchers to get a better look at overall trends and identify possible relationships that might exist, by doing this they may be able to identify trends that could not be seen in smaller-scale studies. They used 32 studies from 8 different countries that all used the strange situation procedure to study attachment. Using a meta analysis (statistical technique) they calculated the average percentage for the different attachment styles (e.g. secure, avoidant and ambivalent) in each country. The found that secure attachment was the most common type of attachment in all cultures. The lowest percentage of secure attachments was shown in china and the highest in Great Britain. Takahasi (1990) their aim is to prove if the Strange Situation is a valid procedure for cultures other than American middle class, white children and their mothers. They used 0 middle class Japanese mothers and their children and they were all observed under the strange situation directions. By doing this they found that they had very similar securely attached percentage to Ainsworth...
Words: 811 - Pages: 4
...D1 - Analyse how cultural variation can influence communication Handshake The handshake is used in England as a gesture. This gesture is used in England as a form of a greeting between two people. This is for when they engages with each other. The handshake may also be used when a deal is made between two parties on something. This influences communication in a positive way as these two parties are interacting with one another and also getting along with each other. If they get along with each other, it will create effective communication as when a service user and a care worker handshake, neither of them will get offended in anyway which helps them cooperate and network with each other more effectively. However on the other hand, this may effect communication negatively because in other cultures and countries such as France, a handshake is normally quick and crisp as this is practised like this in general. A firm long handshake in china is often considered impolite in France. Women in France offer their hand only in business and social settings. This can have a positive influence on communication as people would come together and interact with one another cooperatively. However, it can also make a negative impact because if the handshake is too long, people will end up becoming offended. Therefore, when a service user and a care worker come together, they will have to cautious so that no one gets offended as it may lead to the service user unwilling to communicate and awkwardness...
Words: 1228 - Pages: 5
...Why I am a radical non environmentalist In my opinion, global warming is greatly over-exaggerated political issue that does not deserve the media attention that it receives. A plan to reduce consumption in order to prevent the overuse of resources is only effective if the entire global population agrees to abide by this. Global warming and sustainable development are strictly First World Country issues and seeing as the majority of the earth’s population does not fall within this category, my efforts to contribute to the decrease in climate change is obsolete. It is evident that change can only be established if every citizen in the world is willing to make an effort, and since this is not the case, I do not feel the need to participate. Though some may believe that every bit makes a difference, I am not one of these people. Aside from this, the issue of pollution contributing to global warming and climate change is blown out of proportion. I believe that pollution by big corporations is necessary to maintain our current standards of living. Also, without the existence of negative externalities, governments would not receive the extra funds used to support our universal health care system and our Canadian tax rates would increase further. A study done back in 2008 shows that the average temperature 1000 years ago was higher than it is now. Much of the predictions to climate change are from global climate computer models where in many scientist’s eyes are too crude to predict...
Words: 601 - Pages: 3
...arXiv:math.DG/0207039 v1 3 Jul 2002 Exterior Differential Systems and Euler-Lagrange Partial Differential Equations Robert Bryant Phillip Griffiths July 3, 2002 Daniel Grossman ii Contents Preface Introduction 1 Lagrangians and Poincar´-Cartan Forms e 1.1 Lagrangians and Contact Geometry . . . . . . . . . 1.2 The Euler-Lagrange System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.1 Variation of a Legendre Submanifold . . . . . 1.2.2 Calculation of the Euler-Lagrange System . . 1.2.3 The Inverse Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Noether’s Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 Hypersurfaces in Euclidean Space . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.1 The Contact Manifold over En+1 . . . . . . . 1.4.2 Euclidean-invariant Euler-Lagrange Systems . 1.4.3 Conservation Laws for Minimal Hypersurfaces 2 The 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Geometry of Poincar´-Cartan Forms e The Equivalence Problem for n = 2 . . . . . . . Neo-Classical Poincar´-Cartan Forms . . . . . . e Digression on Affine Geometry of Hypersurfaces The Equivalence Problem for n ≥ 3 . . . . . . . The Prescribed Mean Curvature System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v vii 1 1 7 7 8 10 14 21 21 24 27 37...
Words: 82432 - Pages: 330
...Climate change From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For current and future climatological effects of human influences, see global warming. For the study of past climate change, see paleoclimatology. For temperatures on the longest time scales, see geologic temperature record. [pic] |Atmospheric sciences | |[pic] | |Aerology | |Atmospheric physics | |Atmospheric dynamics (category) | |Atmospheric chemistry (category) | |Meteorology | |Weather (category) · (portal) | |Tropical cyclone (category) | |Climatology | |Climate (category) | |Climate change (category) | |Global warming (category) · (portal) | |v · d · e | Climate change is a long-term change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It may be a change in average weather conditions or the distribution of events around that average (e.g., more or fewer extreme weather events). Climate change may be limited to a specific region or may occur across the whole Earth. |Contents ...
Words: 3883 - Pages: 16
...Exploring My Artist Name ideas I searched up on Google, girl’s names and I looked through the list and my top five were: First name Trixie Melissa Kenzie Myra Taliyah Last Name Kelly Kate Hayley Perry Lorraine v Name ideas I searched up on Google, girl’s names and I looked through the list and my top five were: First name Trixie Melissa Kenzie Myra Taliyah Last Name Kelly Kate Hayley Perry Lorraine v I chose Melissa because it fits in the genre pop music and it is a British name because my artist is from Britain. I thought that all the other names that I chose didn’t fit in pop music....
Words: 892 - Pages: 4
...EVS2000 - Research Paper and Presentation Outline Global Climate Change Instructions: For your research paper and presentation, you’ll be researching global climate change. Your first assignment is to fill in the details of this outline. Here's how it will work: 1. Using this outline template, fill in the details on the open lines below.You must complete every line of the outline to receive full credit. You may add additional lines, as you see fit. 2. By Sunday, 11:59 PM (Mountain), upload your completed outlineto the Dropbox. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Outcome 1a, 2a-c, 2e, 3a-b, 4a-b, 5a, 6a-e 1) Introduction a) What is climate change? b) i) Briefly state the causes of climate change (1) (2) (3) ii) Briefly state the impact of climate change (4) (5) (6) iii) Briefly state the reaction to climate change (7) (8) (9) iv) Briefly state the potential solutions to climate change (10) (11) (12) 2) History and Causes of Climate Change c) Explain the impact of humans and other living creatures upon the environment v) Identify the impacts of human overpopulation on climate change (13)...
Words: 581 - Pages: 3
...Various other models predict the nation's vulnerability. Bangladesh is the nation most vulnerable to global climate change in the world, according to German Watch’s Global Climate Risk Index (CRI) of 2011. This is based on the analysis of impacts of major climate events that occurred around the world in the twenty-year period since 1990. The reasons are complex and extremely intertwined. Located at the bottom of the mighty GBM river system (comprising the Ganges, the Brahmaputra and the Meghna), Bangladesh is watered by a total of 57 trans-boundary rivers coming down to it: 54 from neighbouring India and 3 from Myanmar. The country, which has no control of the water flow and volume, drains to the Bay of Bengal over 90% of the total run-off generated annually. Coupled with the high level of widespread poverty and increasing population density, limited adaptive capacity and poorly funded, ineffective local governance have made the region one of the most adversely affected in the planet. There are an estimated one thousand people in each square kilometre, with the national population increasing by 2 million people each year. Almost half the population is in poverty (Purchasing Power Parity of $1.25 per person a day). Hence these people do not have the ability to respond to a natural disaster and the government cannot help them.[2] Effects[edit] It is projected that, by 2020, from 500 to 750 million people will be affected by water stress caused by climate change around the world...
Words: 425 - Pages: 2
...I. Show us an activity you enjoy doing. Tell us how you think it contributes to your personal and professional development I began training and coaching beach volley last year. The idea came into my mind while I was watching the beach volley tournament of my girlfriend job and many participants were complaining about the different level of the teams. Once back home I explained my idea to my girlfriend which is a volley professional and introduced me to the sport and she bought it. The reason why I have selected this activity is because it contributes to strengthen the relationship with my girlfriend, sharing and enjoying together an important portion of my few spare times, since my job is very time consuming being “up in the air all the time”. I therefore killed two birds with one stone, keeping my girlfriend happy without sacrificing my preferred hobby: playing sport. Beach Volley, as any other sport, is good for both physical and mental health. It makes my little heart muscle big and strong and it helps me get rid of toxins from the body. When I am on the beach playing with the “guys” I feel relaxed and, looking at the immensity of the Mediterranean Sea I am able to forget the daily difficulties and recharge my battery. Furthermore, it helps me on my self-awareness development. During this period when the current crisis is oppressing specific sector like the public research, I feel the need to collaborate in activities that contribute to the improvement of some...
Words: 459 - Pages: 2
...“Human activities contribute to climate change by causing changes in Earth’s atmosphere in the amounts of greenhouse gases, aerosols (small particles), and cloudiness. The largest known contribution comes from the burning of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide gas to the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases and aerosols affect climate by altering incoming solar radiation and outgoing infrared (thermal) radiation that are part of Earth’s energy balance. Changing the atmospheric abundance or properties of these gases and particles can lead to a warming or cooling of the climate system. Since the start of the industrial era (about 1750), the overall effect of human activities on climate has been a warming influence. The human impact on climate during this era greatly exceeds that due to known changes in natural processes, such as solar changes and volcanic eruptions.” IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M.Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. I do support climate change as a human-caused event. Although it occurs naturally, humans have played a huge part in the advanced onset of climate change. “ Human activity is causing the Earth to get hotter primarily by two actions: Burning fossil fuels, with a smaller...
Words: 594 - Pages: 3
...the analysis of accumulated weather data for long term patterns and trends. Change is defined as, “To make or become different.” Combine those two words together the definition is “long-term weather patterns and trends becoming different over an extended period of time.” According to many researchers there has been a drastic change in climate temperatures. With their findings it is truthful that global warming is indeed happening before our eyes. Are these changes being caused by man? Ahrens C. Donald answers that question with, “changes in the climate can result from both natural events and human activities are causes of the warming. Examples of the natural causes of climate change are volcanic eruptions, variations in the earth’s orbit around the sun, and variations in solar output” (Ahrens, 485-491). There are also reasons for the climate change caused by humans. These examples include, industrial pollutants and fossil fuels (Rhodes, 116). After further ado, it is not solely contributed by man, the environment and natural causes play a huge role in it as well. Of course there are both sides to every debate. Some scientists believe there is no such thing as global warming. They believe this because they say there isn’t enough evidence to support the idea of it. Media is making this a “hot topic” as well as all the politicians making money off of the subject. This...
Words: 700 - Pages: 3
