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Culture

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The School of Athens
Artist: Raphael
Year 1509–1510
Type: Fresco
Dimensions: 500 cm × 770 cm (200 in × 300 in)
Location: Apostolic Palace, Vatican City

The Holy Trinity
Artist: Masaccio
Year 1425
Type: Fresco
Dimensions: 667 cm × 317 cm (263 in × 125 in)
Location: Santa Maria Novella, Florence

I started this project by searching the paintings that I will be analyzing. In the internet, I found a great painting from Raphael named The School of Athens (1509-1510) and from the text book Prebles’ Artforms by Patrick Frank, I found a painting from Masaccio named The Holy Trinity (1425) Both paintings fit in the Renaissance period where painters in Italy specifically wanted to have a re-birth in art.
Renaissance is a period in the art history used to describe the re-birth of ‘the glory of ancient Greece” (Prebles’s , 2011); it occurred between the 14th and 17th centuries. Artists incorporated a sense of light and colors using new mediums. Also the use of the space and perspective was a major innovation of the time. These new innovations caused your eye to see in there dimension. Art in this period was mostly realized for commission or religious motives. In the Renaissance period, many artist occupied different places in society since it was dominated by associations which helped trades in society. All of these religious groups where connected to a patron saint and linked to their fellows making sure all have decent jobs.
The School of Athens is characterized by its ease of composition. Also it shows visual accomplishment. It is simple on the eyes of the viewer because this channel guides you by using diverse patterns and structures. Panted in the High Renaissance period (1510-11) where Leonardo Davinci, Michelangelo and Raphael were the great masters of this “re-birth” period. It is a three-dimensional work of art; the viewer can appreciate the realistic use of foreground, middle ground, and background. The use diagonals lead the spectator’s eyes towards the middle of the masterpiece. There are special elements used, such as line, texture and repetition that help make stronger this piece. While designing the floor and ceiling patterns, Raphael uses texture and repetition. No less important is the use of lines that all together bring the spectator to one crucial spot in the middle of the School of Athens. Raphael used warm colors and some of them to identify the power of each individual. I learned through my research that Plato, in the center of the painting. Raphael used frescoes in the elaboration of this work of art on the four walls of the Stanza-A salon in the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican.
The Holy Trinity is a masterpiece of the Renaissance. Masaccio is the first mayor painter of the Italian Renaissance. (Prebles’s 2011). He used fresco to paint The Holy Trinity. Also, it was the first painting based on the use of linear perspective. Masaccio applied mathematical laws developed by architect Brunelleschi to create an illusion of space and distance. To create this illusion, he did a system of lines become visible to head in the direction of a definite focal point. He used perspective to create an illusion of three-dimensional scene. The perspective used in this painting is perfect that we can see the interior of the illusionary chapel and have the sense that it is an extension of the room we occupy. All through the use of colors, Masiaccio created illusion by cleverly thinning the tones as distance between the wiever’s eye and object increased.
Both paintings are done in the Renaissance period. The Holy Trinity belong to the early Renaissance period (1400-1475) while The School of Athens belongs to the High Renaissance period (1475-1525). Both painting were elaborated in frescoes, a pretty popular material in the Renaissance period. Also, these paintings are three-dimensional so that the viewer can immerse himself in these art works. Both paintings take advantage on the use of the space and perspective which was the major innovation of the time. The use of colors in both paintings are similar to highlight importance – people or location. Lastly, both paintings show the man as human, philosopher and mortal.
The four walls of The School of Athens portray topics of knowledge. The figures represent Philosophy, Law, Poetry, and Theology. It shows the intellectual faculty of philosophers. There are arguments over the accurate identification of all figures. But most agree that they are great Greek philosophers. The ones accurately identified are Plato, Aristotle, Socrates, Pythagorus, Euclid, Alcibiades, Ptolemy, Diogenes and Zoroaster and Raphael. The artist shows an ample knowledge of anatomy in the illustration of his figures. He projected architectural dimensions The Philosophers are in different poses, motion and facial expressions. The vanishing point of this masterpiece is the center, showing to Aristotle and Plato, one showing the heaven with his finger and the other one showing the down earth with his hand, symbolizing the argue between Idealism vs. Realism. Many figures are interacting which gives a great natural looking to the environment. The lighting in the painting comes from different windows that gives a message of intellectual and brightness of knowledge in the room. The painter used chiaroscuro to create a depth and shape in every figure of this painting. The Holy Trinity is the first successful painting of the Renaissance. Masaccio re-birth a second type of perspective. In this painting God is shown as the eternal Creator, Jesus the humble sacrifice and on the cross the inspiring Holy Spirit. On the sides of the Cross stand the Virgin Mary and St. John. Little below are two human figures that represent donor and his wife. Beneath them is a skeleton, whose tomb stand the inscription “I was once what you are, and what I am you will become.” The artist introduced humanism into this piece of art by putting man and the world at the center of his work which is different from the medieval art. God is shown as an old man, supporting his crucified son. The Holy Spirit between them is the bridge between God father in heaven and the Son on earth who gave his live for our sins. Masaccio’s perspective shows the Trinity far off. The viewer is close to the skeleton as a reminder that we are mortal and distant from God. Both, Masaccio and Raphael used perspective in their paintings, Masaccio used perspective to construct a sensation of mortality and distance from God while Raphael used perspective to show the intellectual talented philosophers and topics of knowledge.

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