...I. INTRODUCTION The role of curriculum in educating the students is a dynamic process that seeks to cope with the changes in our society. Understanding the traditional and emerging concepts of curriculum as well as the factors that affect its development will guide the educators to respond to the needs of the learners. In planning, constructing and evaluating a curriculum, educators and curriculum practitioners may use one or more approaches. The contrasting approaches that are generally used in curriculum development are Technical/Scientific Approach and Non-technical/Non-scientific Approach. In scrutinizing these approaches, the advantages and disadvantages are revealed and the differences they generate in creating a curriculum. According to Bago (2008), information about personal and collective commitments to a particular viewpoint and the values considered important by individuals, school, and society are exposed when examining an approach. Curriculum can also be designed based on a particular context. It solely depends upon the elements namely: contemplation of aims, projected learning outcomes, syllabus, learning and teaching methods, and assessment. There are three common patterns to design a curriculum: through subject – centered, experience – centered, and problem – centered. These are incorporated into the curriculum by looking into its possible effects to the certain elements mentioned above. A design that addresses to the conceptual framework of science education...
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...Curriculum Design Word Count: 3300 Introduction: This essay serves as a guide to my Enterprise Market Stall Short Course. This is a Six-week course with the purpose of providing learners with the experience of forming, planning and then running their own business. This guide will begin with an overview of the course, its structure, aims and objectives. Next, the need for the course will be examined alongside the significance of the environment that has created the need for such a course. The curriculum approach will be discussed in order to determine the validity of the course. Finally, the feasibility of the course will be revealed, bringing the essay to an end with a conclusion that will confirm the future of such a course. Experiential Learning will be recurring theme throughout this guide, as the emphasis on the need for practical learning will be promoted. About The Course My proposed course is called, the Enterprise Market Stall Short Course. The aim of this course is to equip learners with the skills needed to contribute to the running of a project, including the planning, delivery and review phases. The course will cover resource planning for a project, communication with stakeholders along with individual and overall project performance review. Students will be challenged and will develop transferrable skills by engaging in real time live business opportunities and in most cases experience the realities of planning and launching their own enterprise...
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...| Curriculum Paper Report – Written Assessment # 2 | Academic Report | Contents: Introduction/Curriculum Focus pg 2 School & Class Context pg 2 Inclusive Teaching Principles pg 2-3 Curriculum features pg 3-5 Potential challenges of curriculum implementation pg 5 References pg 6 Word count: (excluding references) 1,630 Word Count: (Report and Curriculum Plan combined) 2,499 Curriculum Focus The curriculum plan that I have designed is aimed at a Year 8 English class. I have selected the novel ‘Holes’, by Louis Sachar, and have built a novel study around the text. The plan is a six week unit, and the intention is for students to engage with the text, while completing scaffolding tasks to build up to a written piece of assessable work. I have selected this particular novel for a couple of reasons. The language used is fairly simple, and this will assist with student understanding of the text. Also, as this novel has been turned into a film, students have the option of watching the film in their spare time (or as a part of their activity booklet), to assist in attaining meaning from the text. As the ‘choice of curriculum, instruction, and discipline styles can be the difference between success and failure…’ (Obiakor, 2002), I have attempted to include a level of flexibility within the curriculum so that the individual teacher can teach to their own strengths regarding instruction; however, I have...
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...CURRICULUM Introduction As part of transforming South Africa, the educational landscape has undergone dramatic changes where ultimately teachers have to decide to either implement a curriculum as mandated or to adapt the curriculum to take into account their particular context. Teacher’s in South Africa battle on a daily basis with the effects of teaching large number of learners in an under-resourced context. Teachers are expected to adapt to those changes and such changes impact heavily on the roles of teachers in the classroom. They must find a way to facilitate teaching, learning and assessment despite difficult conditions. The gap between curriculum as intention and curriculum as reality confronts teachers regularly. The aim of this essay will address the narrow and broad definitions of the concept curriculum, as well as the official, explicit, implicit, covert and hidden curriculum as they are viewed by different authors. Defining Curriculum Two views on curriculum: Narrow and Broad Many educationists argue that awareness of different interpretations is important in developing a Good understanding of what curriculum is (Booyse & Du plesis, 2014: 4). However they make a point that different approaches, either as a blue print or adaption approach, may be appropriate for different situations. Take a closer look at the various interpretations: Eisner (1985) defines curriculum as a series of planned events that are intended to have educational consequences...
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...factors influencing the emergence of the curriculum, models of curriculum design and the implication of curriculum evaluation. 1.1 Concept of curriculum There is no single definition of the curriculum .The most common definition of curriculum that most teachers give is that it is a syllabus or a program of study but this is an erroneous definition. For Taba (1962), it is a ‘plan for learning’, while Lawton describes the curriculum as “a selection from the culture of a society” (Lawton, 1975, p6). It has also been described as “a social and political construct that changes over time in response to a range of factors and influences” (Mc Cullock, 1992, p9). Hence, the term curriculum means different things for different people. While it is obvious that the curriculum is not neutral, its content and how it is transmitted depends on the kinds of interaction between curriculum developers, teachers and students. Stated differently, curricula emerges depending on the various ways curriculum developers, teachers and students interact with each other. In this essay, I will outline the internal and external factors that shape the interaction between the official curriculum, what is taught in secondary schools and learning that takes place in classrooms. Internal factors include the influences of philosophy, psychology and sociology, whereas external factors include the social, economic and political aspects that shape curriculum design. Two curriculum models, namely the rational and the dynamic...
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...THE THESIS PROPOSAL: DESIGNING CURRICULUM Objectives of these Guidelines: These guidelines will prepare the student to be able to: 1. List and describe the chapters and subsections of a thesis proposal and a research report and their proper order. 2. Describe the characteristics of an appropriate proposal title. 3. Compare and contrast the styles appropriate for (1) a dissertation or thesis, (2) a research proposal, (3) a research report, (4) a professional paper, and (5) a journal article. CURRICULUM PROPOSAL OUTLINE Cover Page Table of Contents Chapter 1 - Introduction (Need for the Study, Justification) Problem Statement Objectives Definitions of Terms Limitations of the Study Basic Assumptions Chapter 2 - Review of Literature (Can have sections deemed necessary) Chapter 3 - Procedures Curriculum Design Subject Selection Outcome Measures (of the project/thesis) Conditions of Presenting the Curriculum Treatments - What are the Unit(s)/Lessons? Evaluation (of the subjects after each lesson) *plus ** Chapter 4 presentation should follow the same sequence and topics as that presented in Chapter 3. ** Chapter 4 - Results (The actual unit(s) & lessons) Findings Relative to problem Field Test Results Summary of Data Chapter 5 - Discussion *Bibliography *Appendices ELEMENTS OF THE CURRICULUM PROPOSAL Cover Page Follow the style prescribed by the style manual suggested by the university...
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...REPUBLIC OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO MINISTRY OF EDUCATION SECONDARY EDUCATION MODERNIZATION PROGRAMME DRAFT SECONDARY SCHOOL CURRICULUM Form Three Mathematics Curriculum Development Division October 2003 TABLE OF CONTENTS About this Draft i Foreword – A Note to Teachers iii Acknowledgements v PART ONE Introduction 1- 1 The Curriculum Underpinnings 1- 2 Philosophy of Education 1- 3 The Goals of Education 1- 5 The Essential Learning Outcomes 1- 6 The Curriculum Design and Development Process 1-11 PART TWO - CURRICULUM CONTENT Vision Statement 2- 2 Rationale for the Teaching and Learning of Mathematics 2- 3 Goals of the Mathematics Curriculum 2- 4 General Intended Outcomes For Forms I, II, and III. 2- 5 Connections to Other Core Curriculum Areas 2- 6 Framework for Mathematics for Forms I, II and III 2- 9 A General Curriculum Framework 2-11 Course Outline for Form III 2-12 PART THREE - STRATEGIES/METHODOLOGIES Teaching and Learning Strategies 3- 2 Suggested Activities 3- 6 Suggested Resources 3-15 PART FOUR - EVALUATION Elaboration of Assessment and Evaluation 4- 2 Evaluation Tools and Strategies 4- 5 Cross-referencing to Teachers’ Guide 4- 7 BIBLIOGRAPHY 4- 9 ___________________________________ i ABOUT THIS DRAFT Under the umbrella of the Secondary Education Modernization Programme (SEMP), since the latter...
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...the BS HRM curriculum as evaluated by the 4th year BS HRM students. There were seventy (70) purposively selected respondents. A descriptive evaluative research design was used in the study. With the essential information needed to answer this study, the researchers employed questionnaires as the instruments in the data gathering procedure. The questionnaires consist of thirty-one (31) statements that evaluated the curriculum of the BS HRM. The researchers used frequency and weighted mean to analyze and accurately interpret the data gathered. The results of this study revealed that the respondents agreed on the positive aspects of the program content of BS HRM. There are also areas of the curriculum that needed to be revised, removed and added to the program. With the results of the study conducted, it is recommended that the Administrator of this program must give more attention on the curriculum in order for the students to be able to acquire the necessary learning for the course, as well as to lessen the subjects that are important. Furthermore, it is recommended for the future researchers to use this study in assessing the employment rate of students who graduated from the BS HRM program and to verify if the objectives stated from the program have been attained 1. Introduction Changing of curriculum for the past years is very usual and common in the academe. From the first curriculum of education which is NELC (New Elementary Curriculum) and NESC...
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...TECHNOLOGY IN CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT Introduction Technology can no longer be ignored at this point in time of our lives. Truly, technology is and has been incorporated into and has shaped our society. Technology affects numerous components and institutions of the society including education. Thereby, adult education is neither exempt nor immune to its effects. Integration and inclusion of technology to adult education facilitates learning within the adult learners rather than hindering it (Wang, 2011). However, inclusion and integration of technology into adult education has faced several challenges from the people involved in it to the institution that comprise such a sector of education. Most of the write-ups and research have been focused on the teacher who needs to have and/or be equipped with knowledge in technology as well as the acceptance and readiness of the adult students towards technology integration as well as on the digital division that technology might do to the society (Johnson, 2011; Langille, 2004; Kok, 2006). However, all of such challenges have been answered already or continuously answered wherein most scholars agreed that technology does have more beneficial effects than bad ones. Seldom focused on the curriculum development of the adult education wherein it is one of the vital factors to which the teachers and adult students have and are basing their pedagogies and learning. Curriculum comes from a Latin word currere which means to run but more...
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...Exploring the Broken Bay Catholic Diocesan Religious Education Curriculum Document Student’s Name Institution Exploring the Broken Bay Catholic Diocesan Religious Education Curriculum Document In Catholic schools, religious education is the first area of learning. Religious education enables children and the youth to justify, explain and understand Christian message and teachings as they are taught by the Catholic Church (Carswell, 2001). Religious education is taught to all those who follow and believe in Christ in the world. Through learning, students are taught research, guided on how to study and overall learn how Christians should live (Ryan, 2003). These students also get to know the distinctive vision of the Catholic Church. The Catholic curriculum systematically directs students and enhances them to reflect critically on the meaning of being a Catholic (Carswell, 2001). In Australia, Religious Education Curriculum is imperative, and a must learn program for all years of schooling. This Program, which is denoted as K-12 contains what is to be covered in the Religious curriculum (Ryan, 2003). Time allocations are prescribed to this curriculum about the age of the learners. This program is part of the learning experience and is mandated by Australian Bishops. Its primary objective is to raising religious knowledge and awareness. In Australia, Religious Education is an extremely acclaimed feature of the Australian Catholic schools through...
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...Curriculum In Quality Education By : Rohmat Muflikhul Huda 1. Introduction In education we are never separated from the curriculum. The basis for the creation of curriculum educational settings. The curriculum is said to be successful if the trip went smoothly, and can be said to be in accordance with the plan. However, the curriculum is said to fail when encountering many obstacles along the way that makes the pace of the curriculum itself becomes obstructed. There are at least 4 times a change of curriculum in Indonesia, that began 94 years, from 1994 to the enactment of curriculum, until now is curriculum 2013. I chose this topic, because of the many debates every time to discuss curriculum that affect the level or quality of education itself. Basically, the quality of education itself is not only influenced by the course curriculum, but the way teachers teach and also the effectiveness of the learning process also greatly affect the quality of education. That which will be discussed later in this article, so it is not just the curriculum that will be discussed in this article, but the effectiveness, a great system in education, and also a good way of how the education will also be discussed in this article. 2. Discussion Background Research Education is very important in the lives of individuals around the world. It is also generally recognized that education is a key element in the socio – economic nation building. Each level has its own...
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...ED 681: Assignment 2 Interview with Curriculum Specialist Beth Foster July 2, 2015 I had the pleasure of interviewing Laura Espinosa, Elementary Science Resource Teacher, Anne Arundel County Public Schools (AACPS). Part A: Interview Questions 1. What is your current position, and what is your role with respect to curriculum planning, development, and/or implementation for your school system? I am the AACPS Science Resource Teacher. I work specifically with Elementary schools, but also have some duties related to Middle and High schools. I am part of the committee who picks curriculum writers from the applications. I also prepare the professional development for the teachers, prepare the templates they will be working with, create the timeline, set goals, make assignments, establish protocol for the finished product and work environment, as well as oversea and edit work prior to being turned in for print. 2. Based upon your experiences as an educator, how would you describe the purpose of education in our society? What do you feel are the major influences on what happens in the educational community? I feel the purpose of education in society is to help all students realize their full potential in being a successful and contributing member of society. The major influences include the political climate, technological advances, and community values and expectations. 3. To what extent do you feel the curriculum of your school (school system) is consistent...
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...DEFINING CURRICULUM AND THE APPROACHES QUESTION 1 The word "curriculum" has been and still is used to convey many different ideas and to signify many different things. The word's intended meaning actually differs depending on the speakers and writers and across place and time. The society, political situations, technological advancements, and philosophy not only influence today's curriculum, but they influence each other as well. Each affects and is also effected by one or more of the other therefore because of this, the concept of curriculum is sometimes characterized as fragmentary, elusive and confusing. However, the numerous definitions indicate change that brings about diverse interpretations of what curriculum is all about. The definitions are influenced by modes of thoughts, pedagogies and political as well as cultural experiences. According to Elliot Eisner (1985) defined curriculum as a series of planned events that are intended to have educational consequences for one or more learners of which I do agree with his statement because as an educator because we cannot cover the whole syllabus so we plan ahead on what we are going to cover and what not to cover which leads to us being in control of all the events in the learning process for one or more of our learners. Fraser (1993) views curriculum with a much wider interpretation as the interrelated totality of aims, learning content, evaluation procedures and teacher-learning activities, opportunities and experiences...
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...course and controls its quality. Descriptive information of the course includes information like when, how and where to contact the teacher or professor, a schedule of the test dates, outline of the things that will be covered in a course, classroom rules, and grading policies. A syllabus is necessary along with the curriculum because it serves the purpose of an understanding between the students and their teachers. The grading policies, the classroom rules, the expectation of teachers from students, and the expectation of a particular subject matter being covered by the teacher are all a part of the syllabus. By looking at the syllabus, a student can choose very early in the course if that subject is attractive enough for the student or not. A syllabus is also very useful in making the curriculum more efficient. For example, it also includes: contact information for the teachers, their email, phone information, etc.; the materials required like textbooks, recommended books, lab vouchers; important dates like exam dates, test dates, etc. Syllabi are of many different types. One of them being “notional-functional.” “Notional-functional” refers to organizing a curriculum which is “language-learning.” It...
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...Teacher Education in Tanzania: The Experience of Pre-Service and In-service Teacher Preparation for Quality Education By: Albert Lawrence Lukanga, Abstract This paper presents in brief the conditions prevailing in teacher education in the process of preparing Pre-service and In-service teachers in Tanzania. It starts by conceptualizing teacher education. The conditions and the process of preparing teachers at Pre-service and in service levels is at the heart of the discussion in which several issues are exposed including the issue of content and methodology used by teacher educators. A theory in practice in education, and in teacher education in particular is discussed as one of the influencing factors for realization of quality education. Thus, learner-centered approach and competency based teaching and learning have been given its weight. Moreover, the challenges towards provision of quality teacher education and the possible solutions have been highlighted. It is concluded that to ensure that the process of preparing these teachers goes smoothly and ultimately results in quality education, the environment that suits the application of these current theories must be improved Conceptualizing Teacher Education Teacher education is perceived as service activity for the education system. It is a process through which prospective and in-service teachers are enabled to acquire knowledge, attitudes, behaviours, and skills they require to perform their teaching...
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