...Sheriff’s Department in June of 1964 (Pedzich, 2011). Gault was arrested on suspicion of making inappropriate and offensive calls to a neighbor Ora Cook (Facts and Case Summary – In re Gault, n.d.). During his police interview, Gerald claimed it was actually his friend Ronald Lewis that made the calls to his neighbor. He stated he heard his friend using abusive language to someone on the phone while he was preparing for work, took the phone from him, hung the call up and kicked his friend out of the house. His parents were never notified that he was taken into custody until after his mother arrived home and noticed that he was missing. Gerald’s mother was eventually...
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...| | | THE ARMY ACT, 1952 (ACT NO. XXXIX OF 1952) | | | [13th May, 1952] | | | | | | | | | An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to the Bangladesh Army. 1 2 3 | | | WHEREAS it is expedient to consolidate and amend the law relating to the Bangladesh Army; It is hereby enacted as follows:- | | | | | | | CHAPTER I PRELIMINARY | | | | | | | Short title and commencement | | 1. (1) This Act may be called the 4[ * * *] Army Act, 1952. (2) It shall come into force on such date as the Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, appoint in this behalf. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Persons subject to the Act | | 2. (1) The following persons shall be subject to this Act, namely:- (a) officers 5[ and junior commissioned officers] of the Bangladesh Army; (b) persons enrolled under the 6[ * * *] Army Act, 1911, before the date notified in pursuance of sub-section (2) of section 1, and serving with the Bangladesh Army immediately before that date, and persons enrolled under this Act; 7[ (bb) persons subject to the Navy Ordinance, 1961, or the Air Force Act, 1953, when seconded for service with the Bangladesh Army, to such extent and subject to such regulations as the Government may direct;] (c) persons not otherwise subject to this Act, who, on active service, in camp, on the march, or at any frontier post specified by the Government...
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...Executive Summary - Divorce Group 1 Statistics and History - Anteous Lewis 1 Types of Divorce - Christopher Leto 3 Conflicts and Negotiations - Spencer Griffin 6 Third Party Negotiation - Tiquoia Francis 7 Effects and Influences on Family Life - Joshua Norman 8 Works Cited 11 Statistics & History - Not surprisingly, divorce rates have only increased over time. There are a variety of factors that contribute to this, including general attitudes towards divorce and marriage in society. While statistics reveal a steady increase in divorce rates, it wasn't until the 70s that divorce became statistically prevalent. According to the CDC's report 100 Years of Divorce and Marriage Statistics, divorce rates went from less than 3% to almost 7% from the late 1800s to the late 1960s. There were a variety of factors that influenced divorce rates. The statistics below show the percentage of divorces that occurred out of the total number of marriages for a given year. Prior to 1867, divorce statistics were not recorded. While there certainly was a stigma attached to divorcing a spouse in the 1800s, divorce still happened on occasion. One factor that influenced divorce statistics at this time was the fact that women, outside of marriage, had very few economic opportunities. While the trend thus far in history had been for the divorce rate to increase, this isn't quite the case with the 30s. Due to the depression in the 20s, many couples stayed together...
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...Department of Justice Ministère de la Justice Canada Canada WORKING DOCUMENT THE EFFECTS OF DIVORCE ON CHILDREN A Selected Literature Review Research and Statistics Division October 1997 WD1998-2e UNEDITED Research and Statistics Division/ Division de la recherche et de la statistique Policy Sector/ Secteur des politiques WORKING DOCUMENT THE EFFECTS OF DIVORCE ON CHILDREN A Selected Literature Review Research and Statistics Division October 1997 WD1998-2e UNEDITED The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect those of the Department of Justice Canada. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 2.0 LIMITATIONS OF THE RESEARCH .............................................................. 3 3.0 FACTORS AFFECTING CHILDREN’S POSTDIVORCE ADJUSTMENT ................. 6 3.1 Child Characteristics............................................................................ 6 3.1.1 Gender ................................................................................. 6 3.1.2 Age at Divorce ....................................................................... 8 3.2 Family Characteristics.......................................................................... 9 3.2.1 Socio-economic Status .............................................................. 9 3.2.2 Ethno-cultural Background...................................................
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...Professor Gregory Smith March15, 2015 Each day elementary school teachers in the Elk Grove Unified School District lead their classes in a group recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance. Respondent, Michael Newdow, is an atheist whose daughter participates in that daily exercise. Because the Pledge contains the words "under God," he views the School District's policy as a religious indoctrination of his child that violates the First Amendment. A divided panel of the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit agreed with Newdow. In light of the obvious importance of that decision, we granted certiorari to review the First Amendment issue and, preliminarily, the question whether Newdow has standing to invoke the jurisdiction of the federal courts. We conclude that Newdow lacks standing and therefore reverse the Court of Appeals' decision (Findlaw, n.d.). Summary of Court Case Petitioner school district requires each elementary school class to recite daily the Pledge of Allegiance. Respondent Newdow's daughter participates in this exercise. Newdow, an atheist, filed suit alleging that, because the Pledge contains the words "under God," it constitutes religious indoctrination of his child in violation of the Establishment and Free Exercise Clauses. He also alleged that he had standing to sue on his own behalf and on behalf of his daughter as "next friend." The Magistrate Judge concluded that the Pledge is constitutional, and the District Court agreed...
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...1. Explain what you think the role of a paralegal is in the litigation process. Reflect on your own personal skills and if you like litigation practice. The role of a paralegal in the litigation process is to provide a win-win solution to the cost of legal services as most people cannot afford the services of a lawyer. Paralegals engage in substantive legal work, the kind of work that lawyers do with certain limitations and prohibitions. Based on my own personal skills such as filing of small claims, paralegals are engaged in real legal work, provided as paralegals are appropriately supervised, the lawyers for whom paralegals work are able to engage in other legal work. I like litigation practice because paralegals are of service to the clients. Clients will receive a smaller bill when legal assistants are used effectively because the work of legal assistants is billed at a lesser rate than that of lawyers. The use of paralegals allows more members of society to be able to afford legal services, while at the same time allows employing lawyers at private law firms to increase their earnings. Paralegal is a highly demand profession which makes me reflect that litigation practice is a rewarding career. 2. As a paralegal what documents should you attempt to obtain before a lawsuit is filed during the informal fact-gathering stage? What sources are available to you to locate these documents? The attorney’s work product, now called “trial preparation materials.”...
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... 609-367-4317 bluntreality@gmail.com Abstract This paper examines the prevalence of false allegations of domestic violence within the criminal justice system; detailing how the accused are often viewed as guilty until they are proven innocent. In Part I, I will reveal the problems associated with false allegations of domestic violence, and why this topic is of importance to me. Part II will examine the flawed responses to these accusations that pervade the criminal justice system. Part III will explicate the incentives by vindictive people to make such claims – e.g. winning a divorce case, or receiving custody of the children. Part IV will review the statistical analysis of false domestic violence claims, and outline the cost to not only the accused, but the government as well. Lastly, in Part V I will summarize the topic by arguing that laws should be changed to reflect that some individuals use false allegations of domestic violence in a malicious manner, and that they should be dealt with accordingly. Table of Contents Abstract……………………………………………………………. ……………………2 Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………....3 Title……………………………………………………………………………………….4 Part I. Statement of the Problem………………………………………………………….4 Part II. Flawed Judicial System…………………………………………………………...
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...THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM CHAPTER ONE Chapter Outline Origins of the Juvenile Justice System Juvenile Court Jurisdiction Defining Delinquency Defining a Juvenile Chapter Objectives After completing this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Describe the jurisdiction of the juvenile court. 2. Explain what is meant by delinquency. 3. Explain what is meant by status offenses. 4. Compare the ways in which the various states define a juvenile. 5. Identify and define the unique terms used in the juvenile justice system. 6. Outline the three major steps in the juvenile justice process. 7. Describe the five decision points in the juvenile justice process. The Language of Juvenile Justice Overview of the Juvenile Justice System Law Enforcement and Other Referral Sources Juvenile Court Disposition Comparison of Juvenile and Criminal Justice Systems 8. Compare and contrast the juvenile and criminal justice systems. 3 4 PART ONE Juvenile Justice and Delinquency in the United States Origins of the Juvenile Justice System Before the establishment of the juvenile justice system, courts and judges treated juveniles as adults and, in many instances, juvenile offenders received the same punishment as adults. There was only one system of justice in the United States, and all offenders were processed through it without regard to age. Under common law doctrine, the legal system the American colonists brought from England, a juvenile age seven or older could receive the same...
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...1. Identify the legal issues coming out of this case and discuss any intervention strategy that you will use to deal with them. Also, discuss any theory or theories that you will use to inform your action/s. This assignment is about the emergence of a new type of family structure within the Caribbean islands. It is about a same sex family, comprising of two men and a little boy. Peter who is the breadwinner of the family, Jerome, the keeper of the home, and little Richie who is Peter's five (5) years old nephew. This is a different type of family structure, not the type that we are used to, but still a family none the less. They share all the joys and sorrows of any family. This family is going through a difficult time, which has resulted in them breaking up. Because of this breakup many issues (social / legal) present themselves. Some of these legal issues are as follows. • Laws relating to cohabitation relationships for same sex couples. • Maintenance of a partner of a broken cohabitation relationship related to same sex couple. • Domestic abuse laws as it relates to same sex couples. • Shelter at homes for battered spouses (male) and the availability of same. • Laws relating to the adoption of minors by same sex couples. • Laws as it relates to Gays, Lesbians, Transgender and Transvestites. COHABITATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS ACT 30 of 1998 (chapter 45:55) -An Act to confer...
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...WARRIORS PILIPINAS, FILIPINO MIGRANT WORKERS GROUP (FMWG), AKSYONG KABAYANIHAN PARA SA ORGANISADONG PAGBABAGO (ANGKOP), CENTER FOR MEDIA FREEDOM AND RESPONSIBILITY (CMFR), ANG KAPATIRAN PARTY, ACTION FOR ECONOMIC REFORMS, PHILIPPINE CENTER FOR INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISM (PCIJ), (COLLECTIVELY, THE "RIGHT TO KNOW. RIGHT NOW! COALITION") EXPLANATORY NOTE The people's right to information held by government is expressly recognized in no less than the Constitution. Article III (Bill of Rights), Sec. 7 of the 1987 Constitution states: The right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be recognized. Access to official records, and to documents and papers pertaining to official acts, transactions, or decisions, as well as to government research data used as basis for policy development, shall be afforded the citizen, subject to such limitations as may be provided by law. Complementing the Bill of Rights provision on FOI is the state policy of full disclosure of all state transactions involving public interest. Article II (Declaration of Principles and State Policies), Section 28 reads:...
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...this project. We are highly indebted to our friends, for their support, as well as helping us in all the difficulties we faced. Finally we would like to express our gratitude and deepest thanks to our beloved parents, for there understanding and support for the completion of this project." Table of Contents 1. Executive summary………………………………………1 2. Introduction……………………………………………….2 3. Steps in developing the HR strategy of Saudi Snack Foods Ltd……………..…………………………………………….3 1. Recruitment and Selection…..……………………..3 2. Training and development…………………………4 3. Job analysis…………………………………………5 4. Job description and Job specification……………. 6 5. Job Design…………………………………………10 6. Appraisal Procedure………………………………11 7. Employee transfer…………………………………12 8. Hiring and Firing procedure………………………13 9. Employee's suspension of employment status/salary………………………………………..15 10. Policy guidelines and Legalization of employee status……………………………………………….16 11. Organizational chart……………………………….17 12. Personnel files custody, organization and review...18 13. Employee grievance……………………………….19...
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...treated correctly and appropriately as children and not adults. Many cases have taken place throughout the years to modify these rights of the child in a court of law. One case in particular took place in 1967. This case is in regards to Gerald “Jerry” Gault, a 15 year old boy who was making obscene phone calls to a neighbor as a prank. Why is this case significant? The way it was handled, how the boy was treated, and the rights that came out of this case were all important of how we handle juveniles today. On June 8, 1964, 15 year-old Gerald Gault...
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...Islington , Tamworth TW3 4XC David Smith 69 Rocky Lane Northfield , Birmingham B14 J8C Dear Mr Smith, I am writing to you regarding your upcoming case for theft which you are currently on bail for. I know at the moment you are unsure on whether you should elect for the trial to be in the Magistrates Court or Crown Court. You have the decision in which court you would like your case heard. I'll explain the options that you can go through in this letter and then you can decide. Cases involving theft are treated as either way offences this means you can have the option to have your case heard in either the Magistrates or Crown court. In the Crown Court your case will be heard in front of a Jury who will make the final decision whereas the Magistrates Court your case will be heard infront of a judge who will also make the final decision on your sentencing. I will explain a bit more about both courts and also which one I think would be best for you to choose for your case. If you decided to have your case heard at the Crown Court you will present your case to 12 members of the Jury and they will make the final decision on whether you will be sentenced guilty or not guilty. The Jury is a selection of 12 jurors who are usually selected through the electoral. The Jury must be anonymous and must not know anyone involved in the case. A Juror must be at least 18 years old and can be no older than 70. They also would of had to been a UK resident for the last 5 years from the age of...
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...federal case. This is exceptionally important because your actions or absence of actions as law enforcement during the detaining of these suspects can result in the difference between their prosecution or release under federal statue. This presentation will also act as a checklist as well as provide additional information that you may need while in the field or throughout the proceedings of this case. Understand that your participation in this case may not be limited to just arresting or the processing of evidence; you may be utilized as a witness, under oath, in front of a federal court of law. Federal Investigation Outline Format for Presentation Process 1.0 Investigation 1.1 Evidence: - It is evidence that leads the prosecutor to believe he has a "Strong case", meaning there is strong evidence that the person or persons have committed the crime. Direct evidence would include a witness who saw the crime happen, video/audio tape of the crime, and statements done by witnesses, of the crime. Circumstantial evidence may come from someone who did not see the crime first-hand; it includes someone's feelings on multiple indicators in the theory of the crime, even though that person did not see the crime take place. 1.2 Decision to Charge: Prosecutors study all information provided by the investigators, and at that time prosecutors decide whether there is enough evidence to charge/indict the case. Once the prosecutor believes that they have a lock tight case, he...
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...LAWS1021 – CRIME – Week 3 Class 1 1. introduction 2. Ubiquity of discretion 3. Regulating discretion 4. Prosecutorial discretion 5. The Chaser case 6. Two tiers of justice 7. Magistrates and Local Courts 8. Supreme and District Courts 9. High Court appeals 10. Crown appeals ------------------------------------------------- From Last Class * Jurisdiction * Notion of how it is risen and how it is imposed * In 1788, assumed, put upon Australia from the act of colinisation * Sovereignty * From british states, then Australia as a commonwealth * Citizenship * General entitlement to rights protection etc. * Sovereign domain * Different for indigenous people, given no acknowledge of land ownership and traditional rights and customs as well as traditional rules * Agency * Autonomy as a group/individual * The capacity whether individually or collectively to exercise authority to determine * Previously denied * Criminalisation of traditional * Welfare * protection ------------------------------------------------- OOXX case * grew up during a time during hard economic circumstances with weak communal support due to governmental policies. * Lost a sense of identity when doing institution until he's about 19. He was separated from his family by the Australian welfare system. forced removal * Post-war...
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