...processing,electronic data interchange(EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collectionsystems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web for at least one part of the transaction's life cycle, although it may also use other technologies such as e-mail. eCommerce businesses may employ some or all of the following: • Online shopping web sites for retail sales direct to consumers • Providing or participating in online marketplaces, which process third-party business-to-consumer or consumer-to-consumer sales • Business-to-business buying and selling • Gathering and using demographic data through web contacts and social media • Business-to-business electronic data interchange • Marketing to prospective and established customers by e-mail or fax (for example, with newsletters) • Engaging in pretail for launching new products and services In the United States, some electronic commerce activities are regulated by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). These activities include the use of commercial e-mails, online advertising and consumer privacy. The CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 establishes national standards for direct marketing over e-mail. The Federal Trade Commission Act regulates all forms of advertising, including online advertising, and states that advertising must be truthful and non-deceptive.[27] Using its authority under Section 5 of the FTC Act, which prohibits unfair or deceptive practices, the FTC has brought a number of cases to enforce...
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...Running head: SOCIAL MEDIA Social Media: Managing it from a Legal Perspective Angela Leon Professor Daniel Smith LEG100-Business Law I February 2, 2013 Social Media: Managing it from a Legal Perspective Discuss the four (4) components of a legally astute social media marketing manager who utilizes social media outlets for consumer transactions and how each component can mitigate the risk involved in doing business in cyberspace. The four characteristics of a legally astute manager, include an acceptance of how important the law is to the success of the organization, a proactive attitude toward legal issues and regulations the ability to use informed judgment when faced with decisions involving legal implications, and having the knowledge of specific laws, regulations, tools and resources. A social media marketing manager must be specific in these qualifications due to the fairly new concept of social media when comparing it to other avenues of marketing like television, print and radio. It is important for a social media marketing manager to understand the current laws that affect his company in regards to customer privacy, data mining, taxation and interstate commerce. This manager must take responsibility in understanding and following the various regulations involving his specific industry. This responsibility will be characterized by taking a proactive approach in conducting researching, working with the business's legal department...
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...media many people will use social media to promote themselves such as singers, actors, and all types of businesses. Technology is everything social media marketing has become a major instrument in organizations’ marketing strategies. The development of many social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, and Insta-gram there are so many avenues available for companies to advertise their products and services. Discuss the four (4) components of a legally astute social media-marketing manager who utilizes social media outlets for consumer transactions and how each component can mitigate the risk involved in doing business in cyberspace. Because of social media, there are many ways a consumer can utilize data and shop. For example, anyone can negotiate contracts to build trust and relational governance techniques. The company must protect and constantly enhance all of their technology, because of online contracts. Companies offer different options for the consumers’ transactions such as a secure web page. Also they leave traditional methods of payment as well; check money, order, etc. this creates job opportunities. Some characteristics of a media-marketing manager would include an acceptance of how important the law is to the success of the organization. Being proactive and having a positive attitude towards change, legal issues and regulations will always help managers be successful. A social media-marketing manager must be educated in these qualities because internet marketing is...
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...OF CONTENT TABLE OF CONTENT 2 ABSTRACT 4 CHAPTER 1 5 INTRODUCTION 5 1.1 Online Shopping 5 1.2 Security Issues 6 1.3 Computer Crimes Act 1997 7 1.4 Penal Code - Cheating 7 1.5 Electronic-Commerce Act 2006 8 1.6 Consumer Protection Act 1999 8 1.7 Tribunal for Consumer Claim (TCCM) 10 CHAPTER 2 11 FRAUD AND DECEPTION 11 CASES REPORTED 11 2.1 Statistic by PDRM 13 2.2 Statistic by KPDNKK 13 CHAPTER 3 14 RELATION WITH LAW AND ETHICS 14 3.1 Law Related Issues 14 3.5 Ethical and Morality Issues 16 CHAPTER 4 17 RECOMMMENDATION 17 4.1 Consumers Awareness 17 4.2 Enforcement Agency 18 CHAPTER 5 19 CONCLUSION 19 REFERENCES 20 STATUTE 20 ABSTRACT The development of the Internet and the globalization of market have brought changes in business and marketing throughout the world including Malaysia. The increase in world trade due to globalizations has received immense criticisms from society for its detrimental impact on the environment and causing social as well as trade injustices. These issues have led to the emergence of ethical consumers, who challenge business practices by demanding a more ethical conduct in the marketplace. The current legal framework is inadequate to serve as efficient and effective tools of control in protecting consumers against illegal and harmful online business despite the existence of several legislation, guidelines and codes of practice regulating online shopping. The government should think of ways and means of appropriate solutions...
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...I. E - COMMERCE Electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce or eCommerce, consists of the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. The amount of trade conducted electronically has grown dramatically since the spread of the Internet. A wide variety of commerce is conducted in this way, spurring and drawing on innovations in electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), automated inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web at least at some point in the transaction's lifecycle, although it can encompass a wider range of technologies such as e-mail as well. A small percentage of electronic commerce is conducted entirely electronically for "virtual" items such as access to premium content on a website, but most electronic commerce involves the transportation of physical items in some way. Online retailers are sometimes known as e-tailers and online retail is known as e-tail. E-commerce or electronic commerce is generally considered to be the sales aspect of e-business. If we want to define a term e – commerce we can choose between various definitions. According WTO it is “production, distribution, marketing, selling and expedition of goods and services by using of electronical measures.” According the Commission that formulates...
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...What Lafley brought to the table wasn’t exactly a change in the business processes of P&G, it was more of a change of lifestyle and personality. Jager had come in trying to rip apart the current culture and rebuild it from the ground up in his eyes. What happened was that P&G pushed back at him, and caused an instant revolt that almost tore the company apart. In comes Lafley, who was the complete opposite of Jager’s gruffness. Lafley was more soothing and built his personality around persuading others to buy into his image. He didn’t try to force himself onto the employees, but reassured them that they still had values. Lafley knew that he had to put himself onto the ground level and get people to agree with him on the images that the company needed. He ingeniously did this by sending out memos stressing the core values of P&G and what it stood for. He stressed that the emphasis of P&G was still “ to improve the everyday lives of people around the world with P&G brands and products that deliver better performance, quality, and value. The value system-integrity, trust, ownership, leadership, and a passion for winning: not going to change. The six guiding principles, respect for the individual, all not going to change.” Once he had the people around him accepting him, he began to incorporate his vision. He made it known that his view of “any business doesn’t have a strategy is going to develop one: any business that has a strategy is either going to change it, or improve its execution”...
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...In an era of free competition where 'Consumer is KING', show the need for consumer protection and whether the KING needs protection Contents 1. INTRODUCTION: 3 1.1. NEED FOR CONSUMER PROTECTION 4 1.2. THE PURPOSE OF CONSUMER PROTECTION 5 1.3. CONSUMERISM 5 1.4. CONSUMER RIGHTS 5 2. CONSUMER GUIDANCE SOCIETY OF INDIA (CGSI) 9 2.1. FUNCTIONS OF CGSI: 9 2.2. ACHIEVEMENTS & FEATURES: 10 3. CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT, 1986: 11 3.1. IMPORTANT FEATURES OF THE ACT: 11 3.2. CONSUMER 12 3.2.1. CONSUMER OF GOODS 12 3.2.2. CONSUMER OF SERVICES 16 3.3. COMPLAINT 18 3.3.1. CONSTITUTES OF A COMPLAINT 18 3.3.2. ELIGIBILITY FOR FILING A COMPLAINT 18 3.3.3. REQUIREMENTS OF A COMPLAINT 20 3.3.4. TIME FRAME WITHIN WHICH A COMPLAINT CAN BE FILED 21 3.3.5. RELIEF AVAILABLE AGAINST COMPLAINT 22 3.3.6. CIRCUMSTANCES WHEN A COMPLAINT CANNOT BE FILED 23 3.3.7. DISMISSAL OF FRIVOLOUS AND VEXATIOUS COMPLAINTS 24 3.4. UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICE AND RESTRICTIVE TRADE PRACTICE 24 3.5. CONSUMER PROTECTION COUNCILS 28 3.6. DISPUTE SETTLEMENT THREE TIER MECHANISM 28 4. CASE STUDIES: 30 4.1. CASE 1: INDIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION V/S V.P. SHANTA AND OTHERS 30 4.2. CASE 2: MR. MAHAVIR D. CHOPDA VS SVKM’S NMIMS UNIVERSITY 33 5. GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES FOR PROTECTION OF CONSUMER RIGHTS & STATISTICS 50 6. ROLE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS 53 7. COMPARITIVE STUDY OF CPA IN INDIA AND BRAZIL: 55 8. CONCLUSION: 58 9. RECOMMENDATIONS 58 10. BIBLIOGRAPHY 60 1. INTRODUCTION: In the...
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...customer, the greater the perceived risk. There are five types of Perceived risk: * Monetary Risk- Monetary risk explains whether consumer can afford to purchase particular item or not? This is not the major problem for most people buying the less expensive item like sweet corn, but may be major obstacle for consumer considering buying expensive item like petunias or flowering trees that may cost $100 to 200. * Functional Risk- Functional risk explain whether the product perform as consumer expect or not? If the consumer is buying sweet corn, this means, "Will this corn be as good as what he/she remember from last year or what he/she had last week?" If the customer is buying petunias, the risk is, "Will the petunias make the garden look the way consumer wants it to look?" * Physical Risk- Physical risk explain whether the product hurt consumers, their children, or their pets? The use of pesticides in the production of food crops is frequently the concern on physical risk. * Social Risk – Social risk explain what will the consumers peers or society think on purchase of particular product? If consumers are buying sweet corn to eat for themselves then, the risk here is very low. If they are buying corn because the boss is coming over for dinner, then social risk goes up. * Psychological risk – Psychological risk explain whether consumer is doing right thing or not? Sometime the customer feels that he or she must be doing the right thing, because everyone else is doing...
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...be a netbook killer, driving new consumer behavior * 9.7” LCD, read books, watch movie, some biz productivity applications * Control over components (1st to run on its own branded chip, the A4) * A4 specifically designed for next generation mobile devices requiring low power (10 hrs battery life) & fast processing Initial concerns were: * Many consumers prefer keyboard = keyboard accessory now available * Inability to play Flash video = other cross platform video applications are used by designers to enable viewing on the iPad * Multi-tasking = OS 4 now available for iPads “The value of computer corresponds directly to the complementary software, content and hardware that are available on that platform” (page 6 of case study). With the explosion of available applications for Apple products, the iPad’s future is promising. Prospects: Potential to capture all 5 categories PC buyers fall into: 1. Home = accounts for close to 50% of PC shipments; iPad has the design, mobility and wireless connectivity that is important to this consumer group. It is perfect for communication and entertainment which are the primary functions of a home computer. 2. Small/medium sized business = wants to balance price with service and support; with Microsoft working on MS Office for the iPad, more businesses will be able to integrate the iPad into their existing systems; A keyboard accessory is available for business consumers who require them. Memory capacity...
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...from work place or school; eating chocolate might be one of the methods to reduce stress. James had mentions ‘chocolate is known to be a mild mood elevator, stimulating brainwaves and pushing your stress levels down’ (James 2006). This probably are the reasons people eat chocolate when they are unhappy. Certain kind of chocolate are benefit to our health, like dark chocolate. A small bar of dark chocolate helps high blood pressure patient to reduce their blood pressure (Mark 2009). In mostly, consumers consume product according to their image, styles or self- concept. According to Pettigrew, ‘consumers attempt to enhance their self-concepts by using product’ (Pettigrew 2002). Cadbury have advertise a ‘Chocolate is Cadbury’ campaign on its product, Cadbury Dairy Milk (Cadbury 2007) that have great emphasis on taste. They had create a Cadbury’s chocolate is the chocolate king image and the concept of Cadbury’s chocolate have the original chocolate taste. Consumer may just consumer Cadbury’s chocolate because of the chocolate ‘King’ image. The self-concept will the present at the following paragraph. Self-concept is ‘broad construct that comprises a number dimensions’ Rosenberg (cited in David, Maria & Charles 2011, p.645). In a simple explanation, self-concept is self-images that hold by individuals, each individual have different self-concept. Self-concept has categories into three types of...
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...REFERENCES APPENDICES LIST OF TABLES Table No. 1 2 Title General information of selected samples of different landholdings Place of purchase of food items by farm families of different landholdings Frequency and mode of purchase of food items by farm families of different landholdings Place of purchase of clothing by farm families of different landholdings Frequency and mode of purchase of clothing by farm families of different landholdings Mode of purchase of consumer durables by farm families of different landholdings Rank matrix of common top factors considered for purchasing of food, clothing and consumer durables Rank matrix of common top problems faced for purchasing of food, clothing and consumer durables Coping up practices to solve problems faced by the selected landholding families while purchasing food, clothing and consumer durables Percentage distribution of coping up practices by the selected samples while buying food, clothing and consumer durables Source of information for purchasing of consumable goods and consumer durables for farm...
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...Environment Worksheet List the current characteristics of each environmental factor as they relate to REI. U.S. Economy How does the current U.S. economy affect REI retail operations? 1. Though the U.S. economy is still in recovery from recession, outdoor equipment retailers, like REI, are still seeing a profit. These profits could be from the rise of survivalist or preppers, and they could also be that American are not sacrificing what they enjoy (Stienstra, T. 2013). “According to the Outdoor Industry Association of America, 140 million Americans make outdoor recreation a priority in their daily lives, and they spent $646 billion last year and created 6.1 million jobs (Stienstra, T. 2013).” 2. REI’s market is also effected by consumers’ income. With the recession and the slow rise of household incomes, people have less disposable income. This negatively impacts the sales for any business, the less money people have, the less they can spend. Paul Vigna writes in the Washington Post, that “wages overall are up since the recession’s start. The bad news: They’re down from the end of 2008, broadly flat over the past decade, and on an inflation-adjusted basis, wages peaked in 1973, fully 40 years ago.” Legal and Regulatory Environment What types of legal and regulatory forces affect REI in the U.S.? 1. REI states that many of their products come from sources around the world. REI has chosen to introduce its own factory Code of Conduct, and has joined forces with other...
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...personality; however consumers identify them with some human characteristics or personality traits. Do you remember any product that seems to have its own personality? I have selected three in this presentation, three drinks. RED BULL The first drink is Red Bull, a brand that leaves no one indifferent. Let watch a commercial. What are the traits of Red Bull personality? * Adventurer * Love extreme sports (hiking, extreme snowboard, bungee jumping , trial, motocross, rafting) * Risk-Seeking * Young * Strong * Self Confidence (you need it to practice this sports) * Self-Improvement When we see Red Bull we think I this kind of people, as Felix Baumgartner. These people represent Red Bull Personality. However, the personality of its consumers it is not just the same. Here we can see some examples, the teen who mix it with alcohol to have more energy during a party, or the student who need to be awake. POWERADE Our next drink is Powerade, a drink usually connected with professional sports as we can see in its commercials. What do you think are the features of Powerade’s personality? * Hard Worker (necessary to achieve their success in competition) * Muscly (it attracts some consumers, specially teens and young male) We have a lot of famous athletes that have been the image of Powerade, such as most of NBA stars, some football and tennis players… However, the personality of the consumers is different. Some of consumers have vanity, cause the...
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...drinkersAverage consumption age is 30 * Price$10 per six pack - Heineken$7 per six pack - domestic beer | Opportunities | Threats | | | Strengths One of the strengths of Heineken is the business strategy, with this business strategy has Heineken profiled themselves on the world market. Heineken started its business in Amsterdam (The Netherlands), and they exported products to markets in the U.S and other countries in 1920. By expanding the market, Heineken is not only established as well-known and reliable global brand for consumers, but they are also known as a business that opened the doors for international acquisitions. Heineken has a various brand portfolio with 200 global brands in it. This various portfolio gives Heineken a strong differentiation advantage. . Lastly, the design of the logo and the bottle are other strengths that make Heineken a successful global brand. The green bottle design and the mini keg products catches the consumers attention strongly. Weaknesses Heineken has also a few weaknesses. The first one is the conservative business culture of Heineken. Due to this conservative business culture Heineken has struggled to obtain larger breweries in certain countries. Some countries convince their residents that alcohol really could damage the human’s life. Most people that consume products of Heineken have an average age of 30 years, so Heineken has to do with a “drinking age” issue. They tried to create an image that could be accepted by teenagers...
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... FoodCentre Case Study Tucker’s Natural Tucker’s Natural - what consumers want A clear understanding of consumer behaviour – and a determination to deliver on what specific groups of consumers actually want - underpins product development at gourmet biscuit and cracker company Tucker’s Natural. As a direct response to customer concerns about genetically modified canola, the company switched exclusively to rice bran oil in its products soon after it was established and in 2010, Tucker’s introduced a high fibre snack range as a direct response to growing consumer concerns about healthy eating. By starting with the consumer and developing products based on their desires, Tucker’s has achieved rapid penetration into major retail channels and solid growth, despite the economic challenges of recent years. Branding and communications strategy is integral to that success, helping Tucker’s Natural tell the whole story of both the products and the company. In just three years Tucker’s Natural has achieved a significant international profile by being what they say they are - and making sure it’s what their customers want them to be. Consumers in charge If there are two buzzwords in the consumer world right now, those words would have to be ‘health’ and ‘diet’. Worldwide research is revealing a strong focus amongst consumers on health and a desire for foods that are better for us. This is causing consumers to ask all sorts of questions of producers and manufacturers about the...
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