...the specially, sea turtles which is the oldest species in live in the world so we need to find solutions to protect this specie. There are three reasons for this argument. The first is that we need to find solutions to decrease global warming. The second is that we need to decrease the pollution due to human. Finally, protect the sea turtle of human and predators. Sea Turtles threatened with extinction A lot of species are endangered because of global warming and more specifically the Sea turtle, which is the oldest species known in the world (Velaquez-Manoff 2007); it lived during the dinosaurs. Now the change of the climate threatens these species, and if we don’t do something in a hurry, this species will disappear. The increasing temperature (more than 2 degrees these last years) have an impact directly on the turtle’s eggs (Velaquez-Manoff 2007, Brahic 2007). The problem is that more females than males are born; that means the future will be difficult for reproduction. According to WWF (2007), it’s not only the future population which is in peril, because there is also habitat loss and degradation, pollution, disease because of human and marine pollution, and natural predators. As Bhattacharya (2007) said, we need to do something and we can already cut emissions of greenhouse gases, employ new energy efficient technology and use strategies to sequester carbon dioxide from atmosphere. These examples will decrease the effect of global warming...
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...TYPES OF POLLUTION There are several types of pollution, and while they may come from different sources and have different consequences, understanding the basics about pollution can help environmentally conscious individuals minimize their contribution to these dangers. These sources of pollution don't simply have a negative impact on the natural world, but they can have a measurable effect on the health of human beings as well. Firstly, air pollution. Air pollution is defined as any contamination of the atmosphere that disturbs the natural composition and chemistry of the air. This can be in the form of particulate matter such as dust or excessive gases like carbon dioxide or other vapours that cannot be effectively removed through natural cycles, such as the carbon cycle or the nitrogen cycle. Next is water pollution. Water pollution involves any contaminated water, whether from chemical, particulate, or bacterial matter that degrades the water's quality and purity. Water pollution can occur in oceans, rivers, lakes, and underground reservoirs, and as different water sources flow together the pollution can spread. In addition, thermal pollution is excess heat that creates undesirable effects over long periods of time. The earth has a natural thermal cycle, but excessive temperature increases can be considered a rare type of pollution with long term effects. Many types of thermal pollution are confined to areas near their source, but...
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...Light Pollution Introduction Light pollution is increasingly becoming a problem that is affecting astronomical facilities, ecological habitats, energy and human heritage. In England, between 1993 and 2000, light pollution increased by more than 24% (Campaign to Protect Rural England, n.d). In addition, the amount of truly dark sky reduced significantly from a sixth to a tenth of the country. The major world cities are densely populated, and also contain towering skyscrapers. People living in these cities who venture outdoors in the evening can almost feel blinded by the intrusive outdoor lighting. One of the major cities in the world that has been affected the most by light pollution is Hong Kong, where the night skies are more than 1000 times brighter than the acceptable global levels. In order to fight the rising problem of light pollution, there is need for governments, businesses and individuals to join hands to ensure that the effects are mitigated. This paper discusses the effect of light pollution on wildlife and human beings, and provides solutions to the problem. Background Light pollution can be defined as any light that shines outdoors and has an effect on natural landscapes and/or living things (Jacobson, 2012). In modern cities, for example, lights from buildings and streets illuminate the night skies causing most stars to seem invisible. These effects can be noticed both in the urban center, as well as for several...
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...long period of time Niche – an individual’s place within an ecosystem, or a species location in an ecosystem relative to other species Predation Predation – one animal killing and eating others to provide themselves with adequate nutrients Predation is an important relationship between animals. It provides the predator with a source of energy that allows it to exist in that certain ecosystem. Predation also limits the predator and prey relationship because if the prey did not exist the predator could not exist, and if the predator did not exist the population of the prey would be able to become overpopulated. Competition Competition – individuals of a species fighting each other for a limited amount of resources needed to survive Competition is an important interspecies interaction, because it limits the size of a population. Animals that do not have a predator do not have to worry about their population being limited by another species. However what the limit lacks in predation it makes up in competition. When individuals of a species do not have enough resources to go around they must compete with one another to obtain these resources. Only the strongest or best fitted individuals will survive and pass on their good traits while to weak animals die before they can reproduce. Parasitism Parasitism – relationship between two species where the parasite benefits and the host is weakened Parasitism is a bad interspecies interaction between organisms. Although...
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...Table of Contents Chapter-1: Introduction 4 Chapter-2: Water Crisis 6 Chapter-3: The environmental effects of Hydraulic Fracturing 8 Air: 8 Water: 8 Deforestation: 9 Health: 9 Climate: 9 Faulty Wells: 9 Chapter-4: Hydraulic Fracturing: A Controversial Topic 10 Chapter-5: Conclusion and Recommendation 12 5.1 Water Scarcity Issues and Factors: 12 5.2 Hydraulic Fracturing and Water Scarcity: 14 Bibliography 15 Appendices 17 Appendix-1: Shale Gas Extraction 17 Appendix-2: Components of Fracturing Fluid 18 Appendix-3: Percentage of Global share by gas types 19 Appendix-4: Reducing Surface Footprint with Horizontal Drilling 20 Appendix-5: Satellite view of a Hydraulic Fracturing fluid storage 21 Appendix-6: Possible risks of Hydraulic Fracturing 22 Appendix-7: Global physical and economic water scarcity 23 Appendix-8: Survey conducted in Yangon, Myanmar 24 Chapter-1: Introduction Hydraulic fracturing is the process of obtaining natural gas by drilling into shale rock layers deep within the Earth. This process was made possible by advances in drilling technology in the past 100 years (www.energyfromshale.org/). Hydraulic fracturing of shale gas is also known as “fracking”. Hydraulic fracturing involves usage of vast amounts of a water mixture directed under high pressure at layers of shale to release the gas. The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation states that approximately 2.4 to 7.8 million gallons of water are needed per fracturing...
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...consequences of human activities are affecting the quality or quantity of the air, the water, and the land. Each of these contributes to environmental balance and is vital for humans continued existence. Land, a terrestrial resource, has a role in the nutrient cycle of the environment, the growth of food sources, and the water quality. Soil consists of minerals, organic matter, and living organisms. Land degradation disrupts the ecological balance of the soil, which in turn threatens the sustainability of the environment. Land degradation is the deterioration of soil by erosion; pollution; and land use changes. Erosion is the loss of soil. Less soil leads to limited plant growth. Plants hold the soil in place and play a part in the carbon cycle. Not only does limited plant growth expand erosion, but it also interrupts a process that is essential to the entire environment. Sediment from erosion affects the water quality and aquatic habitats. Run off into bodies of water can contain pesticides, fertilizer, or waste residue. Once contaminated the water supply infiltrates the area damaging every element of the environment. Soil pollution is the introduction of contaminants such as hazardous waste and chemicals into the ground. Pollution makes the soil useless. The land becomes unable to support life. Vegetation will not grow on polluted soil. Human exposure to certain contaminants can produce health issues some of which are lethal. Land use changes such as deforestation, urbanization,...
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...Water is the natural resource that man and all other living creatures cannot do without. In fact, it is one thing scientists look for in other planets to confirm possible sources of life. For us humans, it is so important that in 1995, World Bank Vice President Ismail Serageldin said that “the wars of the next century would be fought over water” and not oil. Unfortunately, water is also one resource that we always take for granted and end up wasting through inefficient use and pollution.To make matters worse, what precious supply we have in our reservoirs and aquifers is now threatened by less rainfall as a result of the occurrence of a strong El Niño phenomenon which is expected to hit the Philippines by October 2015 until the first quarter of 2016. To ensure that there is enough for everyone’s needs, water distribution is already being interrupted or rationed in several parts of Metro Manila and surrounding areas.A shortage in water supply not only leads to less water for us to use for our domestic needs, but also threatens food production and energy supply. Angat Dam in Bulacan, for example, provides almost 97% of Metro Manila’s domestic, municipal and industrial water requirements, as well as 27,000 hectares of rice farms in Bulacan and Pampanga. It is also utilized to generate 246 megawatts of electricity.It is therefore important for each of us to do what we can to ensure that we do not deplete this supply. By learning to use water prudently and efficiently, not only during...
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...Preserve. Some other native plant species that can be found in this ecosystem are Bells Twin Pod, Needle-and-Thread Grass, and One-sided Penstemon. The Phantom Canyon Preserve serves as a habitat for species of special concern such as the Black Bear, Mountain Lion, and the Bobcat. This preserve is also home to Bald Eagles in the winter, Golden Eagles, Prairie Falcons, and Red Tail Hawks who make the high canyon walls their home. Only six elements out of ninety-two produced in nature are required and critical to sustain the life of organisms. These elements include hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur. These elements make up 95% of all living organisms. The elements combined which are all part of the biogeochemical cycle effect the hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and geosphere. This is a process where nutrients circulate throughout...
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...Essay on Environmental Pollution: Causes, Effects and Solution On February 5, 2014 By Ankita MitraCategory: Environmental pollution refers to the introduction of harmful pollutants into the environment. The major types of environmental pollution are air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, thermal pollution, soil pollution and light pollution. Deforestation and hazardous gaseous emissions also leads to environmental pollution. During the last 10 years, the world has witnessed severe rise in environmental pollution. We all live on planet earth, which is the only planet known to have an environment, where air and water are two basic things that sustain life. Without air and water, the earth would be like the other planets – no man, no animals, no plants. The biosphere in which living beings have their sustenance has oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon and water vapour. All these are well balanced to ensure and help a healthy growth of life in the animal world. This balance does not only help the life-cycles of animals and plants, but it also creates the perennial sources of minerals and energies without which the human civilization of to-day could not be built. It is for this balance that the human life and other forms of existence have flourished on earth for so many thousands of years. Also read: Short paragraph on Pollution But man, as the most intelligent animal, never stopped being inquisitive, nor was he content with the bounties of nature. His quest for...
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...Environmental Science Final Exam Study Guide Exam scheduled for Wednesday, June 18 Exam format: 175 Multiple choice questions Chapter 3: Systems 1. Know the nutrient cycle diagrams Section 4 2. Know the layers of the earth 3. Properties of water and the water cycle 4. Know the spheres of the earth. 5. Macromolecules in section 2. 6. What is nitrogen fixation? 7. How does nitrogen fixation occur? 8. Importance of limiting factors….examples Chapter 6: Biomes and Aquatic ecosystems 1. What is a biome? 2. How are they classified? 3. Choose a biome and know characteristic about that biome. 4. Know how to create a climatogram – know how to plot the temperature and precipitation 5. What is Net Primary Production? What is Gross primary production? How do these terms differ? 6. What effects Net Primary production? Chapter 9: Environmental Health and Video Discussions 1. What are the differnet environmental health hazards? 2. Impacts of fossil fuels on our environment? 3. What is Biomagnification? 4. Difference between primary and secondary air pollutants 5. What is causing the ozone hole? Chapter 17 covers our video Oil Discussions. Chapter 18 Video discussions on Renewable Energy Chapter 19 Discussions on Pollution. What is Eutrophication? What are endochrine disruptors This is included in your study guide. The issues brought up during this discussion will be included on the exam. Frontline: Poisoned Waters 1. ...
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...environment. 2. To understand the various causes for environmental degradation. 3. To understand individuals contribution in the environmental pollution. 4. To understand the impact of pollution at the global level and also in the local environment Expected Outcomes: Students will be able to 1. Understand the need for eco-balance. 2. Acquire basic knowledge about global climate change with a particular reference to the Indian context. 3. Find ways to protect the environment and play pro-active roles Title Hours SLO Module-1 Environment and Ecosystem 5 1, 5, 12,14 Key environmental problems and their basic causes; Ecosystem, earth – life support system and ecosystem components; Energy flow in ecosystem; Ecological succession; Nutrient, water, carbon, nitrogen, cycles; Effect of human activities on these cycles. Module-2 Biodiversity 5 1,5,11, Importance, types, mega-biodiversity; Species 12,15 interaction - Extinct, endemic, endangered and rare species; Hot-spots; GM crops; Threats to biodiversity: Natural and anthropogenic activities; Conservation: Terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity. Module-3 Sustaining 5 Natural Resources and 1,2,3,5,8,12,13, Environmental Quality Environmental hazards: Biological, Chemical, 14,20 Nuclear; Risk and evaluation of hazards; Types of pollution: Air and water – Pollution sources, effects and mitigation. Water quality management and its conservation; Water footprint and virtual water, Solid waste management;...
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...|1. |According to the Environmental Science text, overuse of local resources had little or no long-lasting effect: | |A) |before the Industrial Revolution | |B) |during the Industrial Revolution | |C) |after the Industrial Revolution | |D) |when there were only a few people on the Earth | |E) |overuse always had a global effect | |2. |Like the Scientific Method, the process of making decisions can be presented as a series of steps. List these steps, as | | |enumerated in this course. | Assumptions, Observation, Hypothesis, Experimentation, Theories (answers) |3. |You weigh flour on a scale to find out how much you need for baking cookies because your recipe calls for exactly 105.00 grams | | |(otherwise your cookies will be like bricks). Yesterday the scale fell from the counter onto the floor and is now off...
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...BIO 3108 – NATURAL RESOURCES AND POPULATION GROWTH CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT What are natural resources? A natural resource is defined as a form of energy and/or matter which is essential for the functioning of organisms, populations and ecosystems. In the case of humans, a natural resource refers to any form of energy or matter essential for the fulfillment of physiological, socio-economic and cultural needs, both at the individual level and that of the community. Life on our planet earth depends upon a large number of things and services provided by the nature, which are known as natural resources. Water, air, soil, minerals, coal, forests, crops and wild life are all the examples of natural resources. The basic ecological variables- energy, space, time and diversity are sometimes combined called natural resources. These natural are maintaining ecological balance among themselves. Man is the only organisms who have disrupted this duplicate balance. A natural resource is a form of energy and/or matter, which is essential for the functioning of organisms, populations and ecosystems. In the case of humans, a natural resource refers to any form of energy or matter essential for the fulfillment of physiological, socio-economic and cultural needs, both at the individual level and that of the community. The basic ecological variables- energy, space, time and diversity are sometimes combined called natural resources. These natural resources are maintaining ecological...
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...Spagnolo March 29, 2016 Midterm Essays Anti-environmentalists argue that “people have always polluted the earth” not knowing the reason we should care about the pollutions is in that quote itself. Humans have been polluting this planet since the dawn of mankind and at some point in time we have to understand that these pollutions would start to have an impact on the way we’re used to living. At first people ignorantly polluted the earth and depleted resources that are to be shared with the other species that are in our ecosystem but when rivers started to dry and animals began to mysteriously migrate, people started to take notice and the study of organisms and their interaction with their non-living surroundings. It is true that people have always polluted the earth but the majority won’t understand the fuss over ecology and the effects pollution have on ecology because modernization blinds us from the species in our ecosystem and what they’re going through as we progress with modernization. Like the ripples that appears when rock hits the water, our ecosystem too have ripple effects when an area is polluted. Take for example when the toxic emissions that comes out of cars, the birds in the sky aren’t used to the toxins in the emissions and when some of them breathe it in they die limiting the population of the birds in the ecosystem. Since there are less birds in the ecosystem, snakes and other predators that depend on the bird for energy have to find another means for...
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...starting in the UK, and then spread to America and different parts of Europe. The majority of citizens from the countryside migrated to town and cities, where they could find jobs in factories to support themselves and their families. According to Bulliet et al. (2009), London's population grew from 500,000 to 959,000 in a century, and then to 2,363,000 in the next 50 years. Similarly, New York City's population increased sixfold in 35 years, reaching 600,000. According to Merriman, an increase of 506,000 people occurred in Paris between 1801 and 1851 (p.577). Smaller towns united, creating megalopolises, including "the English Midlands, central Belgium, and the Ruhr district of Germany" (p.560). This rapid increase had consequences: firstly, cities and towns became overpopulated, which worsened the pollution. In urban cities, a number of families shared small, cheap houses that lacked hygienic expectations. As more people resided towns and cities, water cycles slowed down, and as a result sewage and rubbish were thrown out of the windows to be washed off by water (p.560). Chemicals from factories were also eventually dumped into rivers and bodies of water, making it impossible to prevent water pollution. Quite commonly people...
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