...Activity Guide 2012-13 Sub-Theme-VI Energy Planning and Modelling Page 85 Activity Guide 2012-13 Working Group of the sub-theme Prof. A. Srinivasan Mr. Jayanta Kr Sarma Dr. Lalit Sharma Sheeraz Kirmani Dr. Kishor Kumar Baruah Mr. Sandeep Bhattacharjee Page 86 Activity Guide 2012-13 Energy Planning and Modelling 1. Introduction Planning is a process for developing a system and approach to fulfil a predefined goal and objectives on the basis of assessing the present scenario. Planning is meant for betterment. This betterment can be the strengthening resource base, efficient resource utilization and fulfilment of human needs. In case of energy planning it is targeted for meeting the present energy needs in an optimum and efficient way so that it may not destroy its ability to meet the future needs. Planning is a process for accomplishing purposes. It is a blue print of growth and a road map of development. It helps in deciding objectives both in quantitative and qualitative terms. It is setting of goals on the basis of objectives and keeping in the resources. A plan can play a vital role in helping to avoid mistakes or recognize hidden opportunities. Planning helps in forecasting the future, makes the future visible to some extent. It bridges between where we are and where we want to go. Planning is looking ahead. Forecasting is the process of making statements about events whose actual outcomes (typically) have not yet been observed. A commonplace example might be estimation...
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...Live Case Prepared for Florida Intercollegiate Graduate/MBA Business Case Competition Laura Kozloski Steve Barnett Executive Summary IQ Medical Services (“IQMS”) is based in Miami, Florida, and was founded in 2007. It is an ISO 9001:2000 certified company that operates globally in collaboration with major healthcare corporations such as General Electric (“GE”) Healthcare. IQMS’ purpose has been to design, construct, and service best-in-class turnkey cyclotron facilities for healthcare systems and academic institutions worldwide; their vison – how they “see” they can accomplish this mission – has been to partner with cyclotron manufacturers such as GE and Siemens. Cyclotron facilities produce contrast media drugs known as FDGs (FluoroDeoxyGlucose) that are injected into patients to detect and diagnosis serious medical conditions. The most common usage is for PET studies, which are diagnostic procedures to determine the extent to which cancer may have spread within a patient’s body. IQMS has partnered with a variety of cyclotron equipment manufacturers accounting for 80% of the 65 projects IQMS has completed in over 30 countries worldwide since 2007. IQMS’ core expertise includes: PET/SPECT Radiopharmaceutical contrast media injection production Equipment selection, procurement and installation, start-Up and qualification with integrated multivendor warranty and service solutions FDA and equivalent regulatory consulting services Project management Company organization:...
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...Live Case Prepared for Florida Intercollegiate Graduate/MBA Business Case Competition Laura Kozloski Steve Barnett Executive Summary IQ Medical Services (“IQMS”) is based in Miami, Florida, and was founded in 2007. It is an ISO 9001:2000 certified company that operates globally in collaboration with major healthcare corporations such as General Electric (“GE”) Healthcare. IQMS’ purpose has been to design, construct, and service best-in-class turnkey cyclotron facilities for healthcare systems and academic institutions worldwide; their vison – how they “see” they can accomplish this mission – has been to partner with cyclotron manufacturers such as GE and Siemens. Cyclotron facilities produce contrast media drugs known as FDGs (FluoroDeoxyGlucose) that are injected into patients to detect and diagnosis serious medical conditions. The most common usage is for PET studies, which are diagnostic procedures to determine the extent to which cancer may have spread within a patient’s body. IQMS has partnered with a variety of cyclotron equipment manufacturers accounting for 80% of the 65 projects IQMS has completed in over 30 countries worldwide since 2007. IQMS’ core expertise includes: PET/SPECT Radiopharmaceutical contrast media injection production Equipment selection, procurement and installation, start-Up and qualification with integrated multivendor warranty and service solutions FDA and equivalent regulatory consulting services Project management Company organization:...
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...maximum diameter of 2.5 mm, what is the maximum electron energy? Problem 3. An electron moves in a circular path perpendicular to a constant magnetic field of magnitude 1.00 mT. If the angular momentum of the electron about the center of the circle is 4.00(10-25 J(s, determine a) the radius of the path, and b) the speed of the electron. Problem 4. A cyclotron designed to accelerate protons has a magnetic field of magnitude 0.45 T over a region of radius 1.2 m. What are a) the cyclotron frequency, and b) the maximum speed acquired by the protons? Problem 5. A cyclotron is designed to accelerate deuterium nuclei. (Deuterium has one proton and one neutron in its nucleus.) a) If the cyclotron uses a 2.0 T magnetic field, at what frequency should the dee voltage be alternated? b) If the vacuum chamber has a diameter of 0.90 m, what is the maximum kinetic energy of the deuterons? c) If the magnitude of the potential difference between the dees is 1500 V, how many orbits do the deuterons complete before achieving the energy of part (b)? Here's a picture of the cyclotron. You can also refer to the Encyclopedia Britannica reference in the reading assignment for Feb. 18....
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...As the two nuclei are both positively charged, they must collide at speeds close to the speed of light to have enough momentum to fuse into one nucleus. This process can be expressed by the basic image shown in diagram 1 below. The cyclotron works by accelerating particles around the circular course by a magnetic field. These magnetic fields are aligned so that that they are constantly applying repulsion forces against the charged particle. Once this particle is accelerated to almost the speed of light, they are collided with the Curium nucleus, creating Livermorium-292 and an ejected alpha...
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...O as the stain. The outcomes is then compared with conventional liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry (LC-MS) lipidomics analysis. ToF-SIMS shows better result as it is able to measure localised change in lipid present in the tissues which is not detected by LC-MS lipidomics analysis. 3. Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FTICR-MS) FTICR-MS is a well-known for the ultrahigh resolving power and accuracy of mass measurement. The potential for increased signal-to-noise ratio is studied by averaging four spectra in parallel with an ion cyclotron resonance cell with four pairs of dipole detection electrodes with independent pre-amplifier each. It avoid multiple ion accumulation, serial excitation and detection events. It is able to produce 1.76-fold signal-to-noise ratio higher than single detection electrode pair. Larger numbers of pairs of detection electrodes and preamplifier arrays increases the signal-to-noise ratio. This advances is useful when greater S/N high resolution spectra are needed but with limited signal acquisition. It is used when conventional serial signal averaging is impractical. Figure: Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FTICR-MS) ...
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...Accomplishments of Dr. Segrè i The Life, Times and Accomplishments of Dr. Emilio Segrè Zachary Gaston English 1010-02 Dr. Bray November 24, 2008 Accomplishments of Dr. Segrè 1 Emilio Segrè was born in Tivoli, Italy on February 1st, 1905. His parents were Giuseppe Segrè, the manufacturer, and Amelia Treves, his mother. His father ran a papermaking and hydroelectric plant and his uncles were scholars, lawyers, and engineers that were well respected in Italy’s intelligence community. Emilio was born into a prosperous Jewish family making him have a happy, pampered, childhood. Being the youngest of the three brothers he always admired Angelo Marco and Marco Claudio. When he was not attending elementary school, he would always spend his time playing in the famous gardens of Villa d’ Este or as Gale (2005) said, “Reading La Scienza per Tutti, which was a popular science magazine called Science for Everybody” (Document 3). As Gale (2005) said, “In his first years of high school, Segrè lacked any interest in the studies of law or in history and most of it was a waste of time” (Document 3). Specialized subjects, including basic engineering, were also taught and this would become the start of his primary occupation. Professor Monti was one of his favorite teachers during his adolescent days in school. In physics he always made him concentrate on the force equation F = ma until he really understood...
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...External/Internal Factors University of Phoenix Management: Theory, Practice and Application MGT/330 Oren Gilbert May 29, 2011 Abstract In this paper we will analyze the functions of management at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. Looking at the four management functions (planning, organizing, leading, and controlling) and how the functions are affected by internal and external factors. An explanation of how globalization, technology, innovation, diversity, and ethics affect the four management functions will are discussed. Lastly how managers at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital use delegation to manage each function (planning, organizing, leading, and controlling). As well as how each factor (globalization, technology, innovation, diversity, and ethics) is affected managerial delegation. External/Internal Factors This paper is based on the St Jude’s Children Research Hospital. St. Jude’s Children Research Hospital was started in 1962 by founder Danny Thomas. Thomas’s goals were to change the lives of all the children that would walk through the hospital doors. He created a hospital that specialized in research and treatment of catastrophic diseases and illnesses. It was not until 2005 that St Jude’s added on a massive expansion that heightened the hospitals efforts to find cures, treatments, vaccines, and rehabilitation for children. This paper will include an explanation of how internal and external factors affect the four functions of management...
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...Proton Therapy Name Institution Date Proton Therapy Introduction Proton therapy refers to an advanced as well as effective form of treatment for malignant tumors without causing damage to adjacent body tissue and organs. In the U.S.A cancer stand out as the second most common cause of death. In fact, cancer account for approximately one out of every four deaths that occur in the entire nation (Woolfolk, 2011). There are several ways and methods of treating cancer; however, proton therapy stands out as the best and most efficient method of treating cancer patients. It solely uses protons rather than x-rays towards the treatment of cancer. These protons are released at high energy; at high energy protons have a high likelihood of destroying cancer. Some doctors use this therapy alone whereas others combine it with other therapies like chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and surgery. It is most preferred for tumors that have not spread as well as for tumors near vital body organs like the spinal cord, the brain, and near the eye (Poludniowski, Allinson, & Evans, 2015). It is also recommended for treating tumors in children since it has a low likelihood of damaging healthy developing tissues. How Proton Therapy is beneficial compared to alternative treatments Unlike, x-rays, this therapy does not expose the body to radiation dose beyond the tumor. X-rays continually deposit radiation doses as the exit the body of the patient. This is a clear indication...
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...UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Indore [UGC-DAE CSR] University Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore-452 001 (M.P.) (www.csr.ernet.in) (Advertisement No. 4-2012) Invitation for Expression of Interest by Chartered Accountants UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Indore (UGC-DAE CSR) is an autonomous institution established by the UGC, New Delhi under Section 12 (ccc) of the University Grants Commission Act 1956 and registered as Society under M P Registrikaran Adhiniyam 1973 with headquarters at Indore and Centres at Indore, Mumbai and Kolkata. The UGC-DAE CSR coordinates research from scientists / teachers from all Indian Universities on major facilities like Dhruva reactor, Variable Energy Cyclotron, INDUS-I etc. established by the Department of Atomic Energy. In addition, the Centres are also having many advanced research facilities. UGC-DAE CSR is fully funded by University Grants Commission (UGC). Other institutions also sanction specific and temporary scientific research projects from time to time. Financial transactions and Auditing of financial accounts, Statement of Accounts and Certificate of Utilization of Grants are governed by Memorandum of Association & Rules, Bye-Laws & Service Conditions, General Financial Rules of Govt. of India, Orders of UGC and orders issued thereunder from time to time. UGC-DAE CSR’s expenses was Rs.2,951 lakhs for year 2011-12 and sanctioned strength was of 137 employees as on 31-March-2012. All the...
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...Alzheimer’s Disease is an irreversible, degenerative brain disease that is marked by the build up of plaque and tangles in the neurons of Alzheimer’s patients, which induce memory loss and inhibit mental functions. Estimates vary, but experts believe as many as 5.1 million Americans are currently suffering from Alzheimer’s (Alzheimer’s Fact Sheet). Although there is no cure for the disease, early detection of Alzheimer’s is crucial because it allows the patient to immediately begin a drug regimen that slows the process of the disease. In modern medicine, two types of PET imaging, fluorodeoxyglucose and amyloid, are the most effective methods of diagnosing Alzheimer’s Disease. The degenerative aspect of Alzheimer’s is caused by plaque and tangles in the nerve cells of the brain. Abnormal clusters of protein fragments called beta amyloid accumulate in the synaptic gap between neurons and block cell-to-cell signaling (Alzheimer’s Association). This build up of plaque may also activate an autoimmune response, which kills the deactivated cells (Medicine Net). Simultaneously, tangles in a protein called tau destroy a vital nerve cell transport system. Healthy transport systems are kept orderly and parallel by tau (Alzheimer’s Association). In Alzheimer’s patients, however, tau collapses in to twisted strands called tangles. The transport system can no longer stay parallel, which causes it to disintegrate. Key materials like food molecules and cell parts can no longer move through...
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...literary science writing award. The Disappearing Spoon was by the Royal Society for one of the top science books of 2010, a national bestseller and rated Amazon’s “Top 5” science books of the year. This chapter deals with the rarest elements astatine and francium, heavy elements, magic numbers and the different possibilities in the configurations of the periodic table. Chapter 19 of the book The Disappearing Spoon starts off talking about the rarest element in the world, astatine. Astatine come from the greek word astatos, which means unstable. Astatine was produced by Dale R. Carson, K.R. MacKenzie and Emilio Segrè, at the University of California in 1940, by combining bismuth-209 with alpha particles and accelerated in a device called a cyclotron. Small amounts of astatine exist in nature as a result of the decay of uranium and thorium. To explain how rare astatine is the book uses the example of finding a car in a parking garage. The book uses the example that your Buick Astatine in an immense parking garage and you have zero idea where it is. Imagine the tedium of walking down every row on every level past every space… that parking garage would have to be about 100 million rows, and be 100 million stories high… there would have to be 160 identical parking garages just as big - and in all those building there’d be just one Astatine. (Kean, 332). The total amount of astatine in the earth's crust at any particular time is less than 30 grams. Astatine is the rarest element and the...
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...VACUUM TUBES A Research Paper Presented to the Faculty of School of Engineering Asia Pacific College Magallanes, Makati by Pamela Joyce M. Espigol In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements in Electronic Devices and Circuits Lec Date Submitted October 30, 2015 II. INTRODUCTION a. RESEARCH PAPER SUMMARY NO. | ABSTRACT | METHODOLOGY | RESULTS | CONCLUSION | RECOMMENDATION | 1 | The objective of this work is to simulate a tube guitar amplifier, the Giannini True Reverber designed by Carlos Alberto Lopes in the nineteen sixties. The nonlinear “overdrive” characteristics of these devices make them attractive for guitarists since odd harmonics are added into the guitar sound as well as sound compression. The shortcomings of these amplifiers led to the development of DSP simulation techniques over the last few years. Many past DSP simulations of tube amplifiers were implemented using Static Digital Wave shappers for the task of replicating the tube transfer characteristics. Since the physical behavior of such systems is quite complex, physically informed models are necessary for more precision in the simulation, requiring more computer power. A Wave Digital Filter (WDF) simulation of the Giannini True Reverber double 12AX7 preamp is accomplished in this work using Koren’s triode equations and Block Compiler, where each parameter was acquired in the original electronic schematic or by measurement of the real amplifier. The real preamp is compared to the...
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...photoelectric effect and Compton scattering. And if the radiation is sufficiently intense, the speed of destroying molecules is faster than coping them, which can cause harmful chemical damages to healthy cells and even to DNA. But on the other hand, the damaging effects of radiation can used to kill the rapidly growing cancerous cells. Radiotherapists can localize the source of damage and minimize the effect on the surrounding tissue. For example, external beam therapy is used to direct towards the affected part by involving of high-energy particles to kill the cancer cells. As the technology has been developed, an advanced facility called proton therapy starts to be used as a treatment for cancer. Protons are extracted from a machine called cyclotron and directed to the tumor with magnetic fields. And the depth of the radiation can be calculated based on the tumor’s location. Since protons only lose a small amount of energy to enter the body, they can release the remaining energy to destroy cancer cells. The early development of radiation therapy is between 1895 to 1905, the German physicist Wilhelm Roentgen exploited the field of radiotherapy by using x-rays to diagnose bone fractures and heart diseases because of its imaging properties. At the beginning of the 20th century, with the development of chemotherapy, doctors and scientists started using radiation to treat growths and lesions caused by diseases. But experimenters found that a long-term exposure to x-rays would cause inflammation...
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...opposite directions. These are detected by a PET camera and give very precise indications of their origin. It is a very powerful and significant tool which provides unique information on a wide variety of diseases from dementia to cardiovascular disease and cancer. Organ malfunction can be indicated if the isotope is either partially taken up in the organ (cold spot), or taken up in excess (hot spot). If a series of images is taken over a period of time, an unusual pattern or rate of isotope movement could indicate malfunction in the organ. A distinct advantage of nuclear imaging over X-ray techniques is that both bone and soft tissue can be imaged very successfully. In diagnostic medicine, there is a strong trend towards using more cyclotron-produced isotopes such as 64Cu. The unique emission of beta particles as well as positron particles offers a spectacular real therapeutic/diagnostic (“Theranostic”) radionuclide in nuclear medicine. Copper-64 (64Cu) is an attractive radionuclide of considerable interest for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and radiotherapy due to its intrinsic physical and chemical properties. For example, the half-life (12.7 h) and decay properties (β+, 0.653 MeV, 17.8%; β−, 0.579 MeV, 38.4 %; the remainder is electron capture) of 64Cu make it an ideal radioisotope for PET imaging. Cu presents the best compromise between adapted physical properties (sufficiently long half-life, better intrinsic image resolution with low �+ maximal energy)...
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