“British history has been a history of invasion.” Please illustrate this point. – 1st century AD (43): Briton was invaded by the Roman Empire → found valuable metals → decided to settle down. – 4th century AD: invasion of a group of barbaric people over the Europe. The Romans had to return to Rome to protect their own country. – 5th century AD (410): Anglo–Saxon invasion – Germanic peoples: the Anglos, the Saxons. They were powerful.
→ They divided the country into 2 parts: + Anglo – Saxon area in England + Celtic area in Wales, Scotland and Ireland The Anglo-Saxon invaders were the forefathers of the English, the founders of "Angle-land" or "England". – From the late 8th century on, raiders from Scandinavia, the cruel Vikings threatened Britain's shores. – The next invaders were the Normans, from northern France in 1066. – Next few hundred years: a process of joining together the various parts of the British Isles under English rule.

What are some general characteristics of Scotland?
– The second largest of the four nations, both in population and in geographical area.
– The most confident of its own identity.
– The most rugged part of the UK, with areas of sparsely populated mountains and lakes in the north (the Highlands), and in the south (the Southern Uplands).
– Scotland was not conquered by the Romans or the Anglo–Saxons.
– Scotland began to experience Viking raids in the 9th century, and it was the pressure from this outside threat that led Scottish kings to unify, forming an independent singular Scottish state.
– In 1314, the Scottish defeated the English at the Battle of Bannockburn, leading to 300 years of full independence.

How did Scotland become part of the union of Great Britain?
– In 1603, Queen Elizabeth the First of England died childless, so James the Sixth of Scotland