...Nilson Carroll ART 353 Research Paper The Dada Text In July 1916, as the Great War raged across Europe, Hugo Ball read aloud the first Dada manifesto at the Cabaret Voltaire (Ades, Caberet 16). In typical Dada hyperbole, the manifesto made wild claims about the power of the word Dada and how it indicated a new tendency in art and literature. The manifesto, and the many that were written after it, identified and combated what the Dadaists saw as the bourgeois corruption that had caused the war and diluted art into something worthless. Through written manifestos, Dada poetry and collage, wild forms of theater and new ideas on visual art, Dada found a common voice among several different groups of artists from across Europe and in New York. Today, Dada is understood as an art movement, chronologically somewhere in between Futurism and Surrealism. Yet, Dada cannot be understood simply as a visual art movement, but instead as a literary movement. Rather than through painting or sculpture, Dada is best understood through the text, manifestos, poetry, and magazines produced by the Dadaists. Dada visual art by artists like Francis Picabia, Marcel Duchamp, or Hans Arp do not rely on traditional formal elements of art, but rather on the titles of the works. Dadaists have more in common with their contemporary, poet Guillaume Apollinaire, than with any painter, and they are more concerned with Symbolist poets Arthur Rimbaud and Comte de Lautréamont than with modern painters Édouard Manet...
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...THE MOVEMENTS: ROCOCO THROUGH SURREALISM The Movements: Rococo through Surrealism Hum 100 Final At the end of the Baroque period the neo-classical style Rococo emerge in France. It dealt with elaborate ornamentation. The essence of Romanticism is particularly difficult to describe because it heavily focuses on emotion so you have to see, or hear it to understand it. Art in the modern era from 1860-1914 consists of Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Fauvism, and Expressionism. These movements are closely related to each other, instead of being a carful rendering like in Realism art was freer flowing and had looser lines. Between the world wars art took on new roles these movements were: Cubism, Futurism, Dada, and Surrealism. The old social stratification of classes was beginning to break down in Europe. The Rococo movement started in France in the early 18th century and is marked by elaborate ornamentation. The Rococo musical style is often viewed as an extension of the Baroque movement, ands characterized by a high degree of ornamentation and lightness of expression. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, born January 27th, 1756 in Salzburg began composing music at the age of five. In 1788 Mozart wrote his final three symphonies nos. 39, 40, and 41. He composed these symphonies for zero commission and at the time had no other source of income. Mozart composed these three pieces of work quite rapidly. Composing came easily to Mozart and he often said that he was a vessel and...
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...devotion to anti-Nazi Political activism. He was working in Germany between the two world wars, and developed an innovative method of appropriating and reusing photographs to powerful political effect. Heartfield pioneered photomontage and used the technique of cutting up and combining photographic images to strong political effect. His most famous works were powerful satirical attacks on Hitler and the Nazi’s. Heartfield combined radical art of the avant-garde artistic movement of Berlin Dada with revolutionary politics. At a time of uncertainty, Heartfield’s agitated images forecasted and reflected the chaos Germany experienced in the 1920’s and 1930’s, as it slipped towards social and political catastrophe. Photomontage allowed Heartfield to create loaded and politically contentious images. To compose his works, he chose recognisable press photographs of politicians or events from the mainstream illustrated press. He them dissembled and rearranged these images to radically alter their meaning. Whereas other Dada exponents of montages produced art, for Heartfield his output has the appearance of newspaper photographs. For Heartfield, the definition of photomontage was wider than most peoples, and he insisted it should include a single photo with caption, since text and image interacted with each other in a similar way to multiple images. Many of John Heartfield’s best work utilise famous quotes of leading Nazi’s and undermine the intended message by ingenious visual puns. ...
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...At the turn of 20th century, the relationship between art and society was changing rapidly. Several art movements emerged, with artists strongly believing that the main goal of art was to influence and change status quo. This change was caused and influenced by several issues, such as rapid technological development, development of science, philosophy or photography, crucial cultural and political changes, first world war, etc. In this paper, I will discuss the aim and the effect of three important 20th century movements that are integrally related to the growth and development of Modernism in the early 20th century: dada, surrealism and futurism, analyzing their manifestos and works of art, how they challenged their modernity and what impact did they have on latter development of art. The first art manifesto of the 20th century was introduced by Futurists in Italy in 1909. Before that time, the manifesto was almost exclusively a declaration with political aims. The intention of different artists adopting the form, therefore, was to indicate that they are employing art as a political tool, addressing wider issues such as the need for revolution, problems of political system and/or society, freedom of expression, etc. Moreover, it was not uncommon for manifesto writers and other members of the movements of the early 20th century to also be politically active. Futurist leader – Marinetti was one of the young intellectuals and artists who actively opposed Italian government’s...
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...One Man’s Insanity Became an Entire Generation’s Inspiration Art has always been a medium of expression. Previous art styles like the classic Renaissance Art style of the Victorian era to the gruesome Dada Art Movement reflected the current society’s state of mind. The Renaissance Art style reflected the common enlightenment of society, the embracing of new ideas whereas the Dada Art Movement of the early twentieth century reflected the grotesque effects that World War I had on the general public. However, the Surrealist Art Movement, developed from the Dada Art Movement, didn’t reflect a society’s state of mind. The Surrealist Art Movement emphasized self-expression and the exploration of the mind. The one who revolutionized this change in the usage of art is none other than the most influential Surrealist artist, Salvador Dali. Dali developed a unique art technique that consisted of manipulating the subconscious mind, allowing viewers to uniquely perceive his art in various ways. With his unique technique, the paranoiac critical method, Salvador Dali changed how the world perceived Surrealism by creating a distinction between a branch of Dadaism, Surrealism, and the previously renowned Dada art style itself: the elaborate use of the subconscious mind. The Dada Art Movement was the first global art movement that revolutionized how art would be perceived. The Dada Art movement was “founded in 1916 in Zunich by artists who fled their homelands during the first World War”, a...
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...Humanities RIWT Task1 Describe Dadaism Dadaism or Dada was developed during World War I. The movement was born, as they say, in Zurich by refugees from mostly Germany and France. Dadaism used visual art, literature such as poetry, theatre, and some graphic design. It was a protest against the war. Because of the horrific events going on in the war, Dadaists used everything from obscenities, scatological humor, visual puns, and any object that would do to thrash nationalism, rationalism, materialism and anything which they felt added to or contributed to the war. Dada used prefabricated materials such as photographs, paintings and mass-produced objects in their art works. They used the idea as much as the materials. An everyday object is turned into an art by object by placing it an artistic context. It disregarded tradition and the use of conscious form in favor of the ridiculous. The movement spread from Zurich to other parts of Europe and eventually New York City. The art form began to get serious consideration in the early 1920s. The Dadaism slowly faded. Describe Surrealism The dictionary defines Surrealism as “A style of art and literature developed principally in the 20th century, stressing the subconscious or non-rational significance of imagery arrived at by automatism or the exploitation of chance effects.” Surrealism was a movement in the 1920s, and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members. Surrealist works feature the element...
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...groups in New York, Berlin, Paris and elsewhere. * The movement was a protest against the barbarism of the War; works of anti-art that deliberately defied reason. * Dadaism primarily involved visual arts, literature, poetry, theatre, and graphic design. Its purpose was to ridicule what its participants considered to be the meaninglessness of the modern world. In addition to being anti-war, dada was also anti-bourgeois and anarchistic in nature. According to its proponents, Dada was not art; it was anti-art. For everything that art stood for, Dada was to represent the opposite. Where art was concerned with aesthetics, Dada ignored them. If art is to have at least an implicit or latent message, Dada strives to have no meaning. Interpretation of Dada is dependent entirely on the viewer. If art is to appeal to sensibilities, Dada offends. Perhaps it is then ironic that Dada is an influential movement in Modern art. Dada became a commentary on art and the world, thus becoming art itself.” * The Dadaists channelled their revulsion at World War I into an indictment of the nationalist and materialist values that had brought it about. They were united not by a common style but by a rejection of conventions in art and thought, seeking through their unorthodox techniques, performances and provocations to shock society into self-awareness. The name Dada itself was typical of the movement’s anti-rationalism. Various members of the Zurich group are credited with the invention of the...
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...Surrealism: The Connection of Conscious Meaning and Fantasy Where the Dada movement can be looked at as an instigator for a postwar “against-the-grain” art form and lifestyle, the Surrealist movement is the progression that stemmed from this beginning. Although the Dada movement was a direct response to World War I and its destruction, it was one that seemed negative and depressing in its approach. Their main slogan, “Plus rien, rien, RIEN, RIEN, RIEN” (Nothing more, nothing, nothing, NOTHING, NOTHING, NOTHING), reflected their “nihilism, or lack of belief in anything” (MSN Encarta, 2007). It was more of a politically rebellious action, rather than a solution that delved further to explore other options, as Surrealism was. Surrealism was mainly psychological, philosophical, and positive in its approach. Andre Breton, the founder of the Surrealist movement, explained his idea of Surrealism in his 1929 book Second Manifesto of Surrealism: "Everything leads us to believe that there is a certain state of mind from which life and death, the real and the imaginary, past and future, the communicable and the incommunicable, height and depth are no longer perceived as contradictory" (AlanGulette.com, 1996). This exploration of the subconscious is much more in-depth than the simple anti-art statement it was once created from. Marcel Duchamp’s Fountain from 1917 (http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/d/images/dchmp_fntn_low.gif) as well as his piece L.H.O.O.Q. from 1919 (http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/d/images/dada...
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...Ethan Price May 7, 2013 Humanities Final Exam 1. Psychology began to influence the visual arts through Expressionism, the Dada movement, and Surrealism. Expressionism focused on a Freudian unconscious concept of psychology. Edvard Muach displayed this type of art with a style of haunting synthesis of distorted forms and savage colors. The dada movement was a thought of the world as chaos; therefore the creative endeavors must be insane. It consisted of spreading the gospel of irrationality. Surrealism was devoted to giving a physical expression to the workings of the unconscious mind. 2. World War 1 showed the world that the policy of peace through superior military actually encouraged war. Due to a technological advancement in weaponry, World War 1 was the first large war fought with submarines and machine guns. Both sides of the war had used out of date tactics with these new weapons causing millions to be slaughtered by the machine gun. No one knew the capabilities of these weapons until it was too late. World War 1 also began a way of war that had never existed. Civilians became involved in the fight; an example would be submarines sinking trade ships throughout the Atlantic. 3. After the allies victory of World War 1 Germany went through a great depression caused by the humiliating peace terms that were enforced. Only one-third of Germany’s workers were fully employed during the depression. Through this time of weakness Hitler came into power...
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...Performance Appraisal and Job Evaluation Process A case study on “Dada Corporation” Introduction Page# a) History of the organization 2 b) Objective of the organization 3 c) Function of the organization 3 d) Role of the organization in the Economic Development of Bangladesh 5 e) Organizational Structure 7 f) Mission of the organization 9 g) Vision of the organization 9 Research Methodology a) Rationale of the study 10 b) Objectives of the study 10 Findings and Analysis a) Brief Description of the organization 11 b) Present performance appraisal and Job evaluation process of the organization 11 c) Benefit of present performance appraisal and Job evaluation process 13 d) Resistance to Present performance appraisal and Job evaluation process 13 e) How Present performance appraisal and Job evaluation process should be effective? 14 Conclusion & Suggestion a) Conclusion 15 b) Suggestion 15 * Bibliography/Reference 16 * Enclosures/Graphics/Charts 16 Performance Appraisal and Job Evaluation Process A case study on “Dada Corporation” Introduction a) History of the organization: In 1974, current CEO, Boo YI Park starts a humble but bold headwear manufacturing business with just 5 sewing machines. 1974 ~ 1988: Venturing into headwear business Dada traces its root to Daedo trading, a company Dada’s current CEO B.Y. Park established...
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...1890-1940s 1 MODERNISM A term typically associated with the 20th century reaction against realism and romanticism within the arts. More generally, it is often used to refer to a 20th century belief in the virtues of science, technology, and the planned management of social change. MODERNITY A period extending from the late 16th and early 17th centuries (in the case of Europe) to the mid to late 20th century characterized by the growth and strengthening of a specific set of social practices and ways of doing things. It is often associated with capitalism and notions such as progress. 2 MODERNISM was a cultural movement which rebelled against Victorian mores. VICTORIANS emphasized nationalism and cultural absolutism, placed humans over and outside of nature, and showed a single way of looking at the world, and in absolute and clear-cut dichotomies between right/wrong, good/bad, and hero/villain. They saw the world as being governed by God's will, and that each person and thing in this world had a specific use. 3 MODERNISM was a cultural movement which rebelled against Victorian colonization views. VICTORIANS saw the world as neatly divided between ‘civilized’ and ‘savage’ peoples. The civilized were those from industrialized nations, cash-based economies, Protestant Christian traditions, and patriarchal societies; the savage were those from agrarian or huntergatherer tribes, barter-based economies, pagan or totemistic traditions, and matriarchal (or at...
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...This art was completed by a German artist named Hannah Höch during the year of 1919. Höch was born in and sadly died at the age of 88 in 1978. During her years, she was best known as one of the originators for photomontage. Photomontage is an art that involves a collage of multiple photographs that is cut out from printed text or media. She studied at School of Applied Arts in Berlin where she studied under the supervision of Harold Bergen. At School of Applied Arts, she chose to major in graphic arts, not for her enjoyment but to please her father’s desire. However, at the beginning of the first war in 1914, she like many women dropped college to help support the soldiers going to the war by working at the Red Cross. A year later after working with the Red Cross, Höch returned to school to finish her program; it was during those years that she met Raoul Hausmann. Raoul Hausmann was a member of the Berlin Dada movement and it was through him that Höch joined the movement in 1917. Cut with the Kitchen Knife Dada through the Last Weimar Beer-Belly Cultural Epoch of Germany is photomontage completed in 1919 by Hannah Höch during her involvement with the Berlin Dada movement. This artwork involves a collage of cut out press...
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...Max Ernst (b 2 April 1891, d 1 April 1976) was a German painter, poet, and sculptor who played a major role in both the Dada movement and as a surrealist. Born in Bruhl in the Rhine valley, Ernst was early on affected by the brutal death of his older sister Maria. Even though he got a regular education, his way of thinking was different and special for his age since he was reading Karl May’s novels or French naturalist novels. His father found the first book Ernst wrote Manuel du Plongeur and his father decided to burn it. After graduating from high school, Ernst attended the University of Bonn to study philosophy, but he kept painting. In 1911, Ernst stopped going to university and started learning about modern art with his friend, August...
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...Dadaism and Surrealism Dadaism and Surrealism The Dadaism art movement is part of history now. The movement began in Zurich and New York around the time of the First World War. ("Dada," n.d.) Dadaism was aimed at the artists who felt art created spiritual values. There was a focus on the failure of this by the endless days of war, the art of previous era’s had done nothing to create spiritual values in the followers mind. Dada was a protest against what they felt was the root cause of war. Dada was an “anti-art” according to Hans Richter, one of the founders of this movement. Dada was used to offend people; it ignored aesthetics and was generally preposterous in form. Many of the art displays were made of different mediums such as urinals, garbage, bus tickets, even snow shovels. One of the more known pieces from the Dadaism period is from Marcel Duchamp “Fountain” in 1917 it was simply a urinal. This shows us that with Dadaism they were able to create art even from objects that would normally not be considered art. Surrealism as an art movement officially started in 1924. In 1924 The Surrealist Manifesto written by Andre Breton was published. Many of the artistic pieces of this era are dream like. Some type of art to wonder and marvel at, not an art of reason. ("Dada," n.d.) Surrealism is thought to have been formed as a reaction to Dadaism art movement, which was a protest of the carnages of World War 1. Surrealism was more focused on the positive outcomes of...
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...Mark W. Lewis Western Governors University Exploring the Relationship between Dadaism and Surrealism Dadaism and Surrealism are two distinct art periods that have their origins in Europe in the early part of the twentieth century. The works from both movements would accurately be described as avant-garde. Both presented new and experimental ideas not seen in previous art movements. The earlier period, Dadaism (1916-1924), arose as a protest to the horrors of World War I. Dada presents as a chaotic collection of imagery and ideas. This presentation of imagery in their strange juxtapositions influenced the following Surrealism movement. Both were grounded in their opposition to the rational and logical socio-political ideas that the artists of the time felt contributed to the causes of the calamity that was the First World War. If Dadaism could be described in one word, it would be chaotic. The Dadaism movement began at the Cabaret Voltaire in Zurich in 1916 after the outbreak of World War I as painters, poets and filmmakers fled to neutral Switzerland. Dada art can be in the form of poetry, paintings, and sculpture but the most popular forms are collages, photo-montages and ready-mades. Dada is characterized by random placement of imagery, words or features and the purposeful irrationality in the selection of the imagery. Dada is described as anti-aesthetic, anti-rational and anti-idealistic (Oxford, 2015). Though the term Surrealism was first coined in 1917 to...
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