...DADAISM * Dadaism is a cultural movement that began in Zurich, Switzerland, during World War I and peaked from 1916 to 1922. It was shared by independent groups in New York, Berlin, Paris and elsewhere. * The movement was a protest against the barbarism of the War; works of anti-art that deliberately defied reason. * Dadaism primarily involved visual arts, literature, poetry, theatre, and graphic design. Its purpose was to ridicule what its participants considered to be the meaninglessness of the modern world. In addition to being anti-war, dada was also anti-bourgeois and anarchistic in nature. According to its proponents, Dada was not art; it was anti-art. For everything that art stood for, Dada was to represent the opposite. Where art was concerned with aesthetics, Dada ignored them. If art is to have at least an implicit or latent message, Dada strives to have no meaning. Interpretation of Dada is dependent entirely on the viewer. If art is to appeal to sensibilities, Dada offends. Perhaps it is then ironic that Dada is an influential movement in Modern art. Dada became a commentary on art and the world, thus becoming art itself.” * The Dadaists channelled their revulsion at World War I into an indictment of the nationalist and materialist values that had brought it about. They were united not by a common style but by a rejection of conventions in art and thought, seeking through their unorthodox techniques, performances and provocations to shock society...
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...Exploring the Relationship between Dadaism and Surrealism Mark W. Lewis Western Governors University Exploring the Relationship between Dadaism and Surrealism Dadaism and Surrealism are two distinct art periods that have their origins in Europe in the early part of the twentieth century. The works from both movements would accurately be described as avant-garde. Both presented new and experimental ideas not seen in previous art movements. The earlier period, Dadaism (1916-1924), arose as a protest to the horrors of World War I. Dada presents as a chaotic collection of imagery and ideas. This presentation of imagery in their strange juxtapositions influenced the following Surrealism movement. Both were grounded in their opposition to the rational and logical socio-political ideas that the artists of the time felt contributed to the causes of the calamity that was the First World War. If Dadaism could be described in one word, it would be chaotic. The Dadaism movement began at the Cabaret Voltaire in Zurich in 1916 after the outbreak of World War I as painters, poets and filmmakers fled to neutral Switzerland. Dada art can be in the form of poetry, paintings, and sculpture but the most popular forms are collages, photo-montages and ready-mades. Dada is characterized by random placement of imagery, words or features and the purposeful irrationality in the selection of the imagery. Dada is described as anti-aesthetic, anti-rational and anti-idealistic (Oxford, 2015)...
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...Humanities RIWT Task1 Describe Dadaism Dadaism or Dada was developed during World War I. The movement was born, as they say, in Zurich by refugees from mostly Germany and France. Dadaism used visual art, literature such as poetry, theatre, and some graphic design. It was a protest against the war. Because of the horrific events going on in the war, Dadaists used everything from obscenities, scatological humor, visual puns, and any object that would do to thrash nationalism, rationalism, materialism and anything which they felt added to or contributed to the war. Dada used prefabricated materials such as photographs, paintings and mass-produced objects in their art works. They used the idea as much as the materials. An everyday object is turned into an art by object by placing it an artistic context. It disregarded tradition and the use of conscious form in favor of the ridiculous. The movement spread from Zurich to other parts of Europe and eventually New York City. The art form began to get serious consideration in the early 1920s. The Dadaism slowly faded. Describe Surrealism The dictionary defines Surrealism as “A style of art and literature developed principally in the 20th century, stressing the subconscious or non-rational significance of imagery arrived at by automatism or the exploitation of chance effects.” Surrealism was a movement in the 1920s, and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members. Surrealist works feature the element...
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...The one who revolutionized this change in the usage of art is none other than the most influential Surrealist artist, Salvador Dali. Dali developed a unique art technique that consisted of manipulating the subconscious mind, allowing viewers to uniquely perceive his art in various ways. With his unique technique, the paranoiac critical method, Salvador Dali changed how the world perceived Surrealism by creating a distinction between a branch of Dadaism, Surrealism, and the previously renowned Dada art style itself: the elaborate use of the subconscious mind. The Dada Art Movement was the first global art movement that revolutionized how art would be perceived. The Dada Art movement was “founded in 1916 in Zunich by artists who fled their homelands during the first World War”, a time where war plagued the entire world (Hapgood 64). As a result of experiencing the dehumanizing effects of war first-hand, European artists began to reflect the loss of humanity and the dehumanization of European culture by creating pieces of ‘anti-art’. These ‘anti-art’ works represent, artistically, how “Dadaism is opposed to everything that exists” (Kristiansen 459). By rejecting the past...
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...There was no specific way of how a Dadaism artwork was to look like, as artists painted what they wanted to be called out and were mockery towards the societal and political views during that time period. This was a new individual as people were rejecting reason and logic of the society, and expressed irrationality, and nonsense in their artwork. Many Dadaist artists expressed their ideas and emotions about the war that was happening and how it was very irrational for people to fight each other based on their level of nationalism. This was very new and different as to what people thought because before they were content with what was happening and even tried to encourage violence, but this went against social norms with calling out people and their ideas which had an influence over...
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...known novel ‘The hearing trumpet’ (appendix). Many exhibitions followed after, show casing her surrealism and being recognised as one of the lasting surrealist artist. Leonora died on the 25th of May, 2011 at age 94 in Mexico City. She inspired following artist and left the surrealist movement with her creatures of her mind in on canvas. 3. Quotes and surrealist literature ‘Sentimentality is a form of fatigue’- Leonora Carrington ‘Do not give up hope entirely in spite of the horror of your situation. I am mobilising all my mental capacities to obtain your unconditional freedom’ –Leonora Carrington ‘People under seventy and over seven are very unreliable if they are not cats’-Leonora Carrington ‘Painting is a need not a choice.’-Leonora Carrington ‘Art is a magic which makes the hours melt away and even days dissolve into seconds.’-Leonora Carrington ‘I warn you, I refuse to be an object.’-Leonora Carrington ‘I didn’t have time to be anyone’s muse…I was too busy rebelling against my family and learning to be an artist.’-Leonora Carrington ‘The house of fear’ (1938) ‘The oval lady’ (1938) ‘The Debutante’ (1940) ‘Down Below’ (1944) ‘The hearing trumpet’(1974) 4. Brief history of surrealism Art is a way of expression whether it be emotions, events, political stances or relieving a whole new world out of the unconscious mind. The theory of anti-art which developed into Dadaism, revolted against the standard of art. Turning art into distort ideas and concepts as the leader...
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...Cielo Ann B. Salem BSTM 4Y1-2 / HUM 1 1. What is Humanities? The humanities include the stories people tell, the art and music they make, the buildings they live and work in. The word humanity comes to English from the Latin humanitas, which first shows up with the writer Cicero. He used it to describe good people, that is to say "civilized" human beings. Humane people recognize and practice concepts like "hospitality" and "justice. The humanities introduce us to people we have never met, places we have never visited, and ideas that may have never crossed our minds. By showing how others have lived and thought about life, the humanities help us decide what is important in our own lives and what we can do to make them better. 2. What is Art? The expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form such as painting or sculpture, producing works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional power. 3. Different types of Art • Animation Art • Architecture • Calligraphy • Ceramics • Christian Art • Collage • Computer Art • Conceptual Art • Design (Artistic) • Drawing • Folk Art • Graffiti Art • Graphic Art • Illustration • Junk Art • Land Art • Metalwork Art • Mosaic Art • Painting • Performance Art (and Happenings) • Photography • Poster Art • Public Art • Religious Art • Sculpture • Video Art 4. Different kinds of types of Art • Animation Art 2D, 3D and Stop Motion • Architecture Neolithic...
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...Prehistoric Art 20 000-8 000 BC. Figure 1: Homem Paleolítico, Venus of Willendorf (Limestone), 30 000-25 000 BC, Prehistoric art, Naturhistorisches Museum, Austria, (Adendorff, 2008:8) Egyptian Art 8 000-2 000 BC. Figure 2: A page from The Book of the dead made for Nes-min, Papyrus of Ani (Papyrus), 2 600 BC, Egyptian art, London, (Adendorff, 2008:15) Byzantine Art 5th Century AD. to 1453 Figure 3: Christ Pantokrator, Central Dome, Church of the Dormition (mosaic), 1090-1100, Byzantine Art, Greece, (Adendorff, 2008:25) Middle Ages 312-1341 Figure 4: Unknown, St. Matthew, from the Gospel Book of Archbishop Ebbo of Reims, 826-835, Middle ages, (Adendorff, 2008:31) Roman Art 500 BC – 300 AD Figure 5: Unknown, Emperor Augustus (white marble), 1st Century, Roman art, Rome, (Von Heintze, 1990:143) Renaissance 12th to 17th Centuries Figure 6: Sandro Botticelli, The Birth of Venus (tempera on canvas), 1482, Renaissance, Uffizi Gallery, Florence, (Adendorff, 2008:54) Baroque Art 17th and 18th Centuries Figure 7: Diego Velazquez, Las Meninas (oil on canvas), 1656, Baroque art, Museo del Prado, Madrid, (Adendorff, 2009:16) Neo-Classicism 18th and 19th Centuries Figure 8: Jacques Louis David, Oath of Horatti (oil on canvas), 1784, Neo-Classism, Louvre, Paris, (Rosenblum & Janson, 2004:27) Romanticism 1750-1850 Figure...
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...Running Head: DADAISM AND POP ART 1 IWT Task 1; Dadaism and Pop Art Angela Costa Western Governor’s University IWT Task 1; Dadaism and Pop Art Artistic interpretations have changed and molded tremendously throughout history. Many historical artists found art as an outlet for what was happening currently in their time periods. Dadaism began in Switzerland in 1916 as a response to World War I. Influenced by the earlier Cubism, this style of art ranged from paintings, sculptures, poetry, and photography. Dadaism is well known for the way it ridiculed materialistic and nationalistic attitudes. They were un-conventionalist in every manor. The Dada artists opposed and resented the social classes who thought that they could control the working class. Dadaists were disgusted by the nationalism that fed into World War 1 and were against any form of group leadership or dictatorship. They were upset that the modern European society would allow war to happen and this is how they knew to protest the idea of war. And if war was to happen then any traditions in any facet where thrown out the window, including art. They believed the art at this time had no meaning and if they were to continue to create art, they would make non-art to show that they did not agree with the current dramas. Dadaist tried to separate themselves from society norms in every which way they could. Even the explanation of how they got the name “Dada”...
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...scholasticism of earlier mediaeval times to largely focusing on the humanities. There was also an emphasis on realism, attempting to remain as objective as possible when interpreting various works; drawing from studies in form, line, lighting, and the human figure based in Greek and Roman times. Eventually, in the last couple centuries of the period, the influences had spread across Europe partially due to the invention of the printing press. Several examples of Renaissance era artists are Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Hieronymus Bosch.Surrealism is an art movement that officially started in 1924 with the publication of Le Manifeste du Surréalisme (The Surrealist Manifesto), written by André Breton. Surrealism is believed to have been formed as a reaction to the earlier Dadaism art movement, which aimed to be an anti-art protest of the horrors brought about from World War I. Focusing on the more positive side of that protest/revolutionary process, the surrealists sought to convey the thought process itself through their art, frequently using juxtaposition and dream imagery to produce colorful and exaggerated interpretations of reality. A major influence in this realm was the dream analysis of Sigmund Freud, earlier in the century, where the unconscious mind produces a more truthful interpretation of what the conscious mind experiences. A few examples of...
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...Baroque and Surrealism The Baroque art period of art was born in Italy/Western Europe, around the early 1600’s thru 1750. It was mainly influenced by the division of the Christian religion in the West, between the Roman Catholics and Protestants. The Roman Catholics used this art as a part of their campaign to maintain their followers. They felt it was aesthetically appealing and it would inspire the largest possible audience (Baroque, n.d.). Rembrandt’s The Ass of Balaam Talking before the Angel from 1626 is a good example of what the Roman Catholics wanted viewers to see and feel. Baroque art is known for its display of intense drama, which invokes powerful psychological sensations; emotional feelings. It incorporates the use of concentrated rich colors and the extreme differences between light and dark. The subject was typically very light and bright, almost giving it an angelic quality with the background being very dark, mysterious and shadowed. The themes were generally extravagant and of ecstasy, grandiose visions, death, or overall intense moment (Pioch, 2002). The Surrealism period of art started around 1920 and continued for many years. It commenced from Dadaist undertakings after World War I. It was very similar to Dadaism in the fact that it was anti rationalist (Baroque, n.d.). It started in Paris France and swiftly moved and was accepted around the world. It included all forms of art such as literature, poetry, film and music and moved outside the lines...
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...Symbols in Surrealism and Pop Art Is painting Jesus or the Virgin Mary the same as painting Shirley Temple or a Campbell’s soup can? Is using these symbols in art exploiting them? What if an artist replicated a can of soup over and over again in the same piece of art, is that exploitation? Artists use symbols in their art to explain the meaning of their creations. How the artist portrays these symbols makes the difference between art forms. Often, artists make these symbols and icons easily recognizable so that anyone viewing their art can easily understand the meaning. A painting of Jesus offers an important religious symbol just as a painting of Marilyn Monroe represents the popular culture of the 1950’s. Surrealism is an art form that uses these symbols and icons to convey meaning. In the early 1920’s, Andre Breton used the term Surrealism to describe the artistic and literary practices which consisted of Dada and Freud’s theories. Dada was an art form designed to be purposely misunderstood and confusing, and Dadaist made fun of that art and the world around them (Wilder, 2007). According to Wilder (2007), Marcel Duchamp’s ready-made art, which was literally just as it sounds, offers an excellent example of Dada’s theory. Marcel turned everyday objects into art; creating a piece that he called “Fountain” from a urinal. Around the time that Surrealism was born, Sigmund Freud’s theory of the subconscious mind surfaced. Freud believed that a link existed...
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...“Surrealist artists, Joan Miró, Salvador Dalí and Pablo Picasso were clearly influenced by their experiences of the Spanish Civil War” To what extent is this statement accurate? The rise of a revolution in 1930 Spain provoked artistic nightmarish visions in many European artists. Individual Surrealist artists responded differently, some abandoned peaceful propaganda for weapons and violence, while others, like Joan Miró, involved their artistic innovation directly in the service of the war efforts. However, artistic expressionism was the main forum by which Surrealist artists such as Joan Miró, Salvador Dalí and Pablo Picasso expressed their opinions and depictions regarding the Spanish Civil War. The artists explored diverse views of fascism, death, despair, desire and hope through intricately detailed paintings heavily influenced by the war. 1930s Spain was deeply politically divided between the Nationalist and the Republicans. Generals Franco and Sanjujo led the Nationalists, right wing, with the support of the cities of Madrid, Barcelona, Bilbao and Valencia. Whereas the Republican parties, left wing, led by Azana were supported by the cities of Cadiz, Saragossa, Seville and Burgos. Nationalists embodied monarchists, landowners, employers, the Roman Catholic Church and the army, whereas Republicans consisted of the workers, trade union, socialists and the peasantry. The Great Depression took a heavy economic toll on Spain causing the collapse of the military dictatorship...
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...The Culture Industry and The Society of the Spectacle In Guy Debord’s The Society of the Spectacle, the author discusses how culture has become commodified. In Theodor Adorno’s The Culture Industry, the author discusses how art became autonomous. In this essay, I will compare the two books and show how Debord’s theory of commodified culture and Adorno’s theory of autonomous art directly correlate with one another. The mass production of commodities destroyed quality guidelines and broke down legal and regional barriers. Debord says, “The capitalist production system has unified space, breaking down the boundaries between one society and the next” (Debord, §165). One point Debord is making is that capitalism broke down spatial barriers. When objects became commoditized, human circulation – or tourism – became the by-product. Debord says, “Tourism is the chance to go and see what has been made trite.” (§168) People travel to Rome to see the Coliseum, and travel to Egypt to see the Great Pyramids. These objects, reduced from historical masterpieces to the latest thing you must see before you die, fuel travel and break down geographic barriers. The distance between New York and Rome become significantly smaller. Cars did this in the United States on a smaller scale. It was easier and faster to travel farther in a car than it had been before the car was invented, making travel more accessible, and commodities more able to be made even more trite. Another point Debord...
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...INTRODUCTION In all of human history, art has mirrored life in the community, society, and the world in all its colors, lines, shapes, and forms. The same has been true in the last two centuries, with world events and global trends being reflected in the art movements. The decades from 1900 to the present have seen the human race living in an ever shrinking planet. The 20th century saw a boom in the interchange of ideas, beliefs, values, and lifestyles that continues to bring the citizens of the world closer together. Technological breakthroughs From the Industrial Revolution of the late 1800s, the world zoomed into the Electronic. Age in the mid-1900s, then into the present Cyberspace Age. In just over 100 years, humans went from hand-cranked telephones to hands-free mobile phones, from the first automobiles to inter-planetary space vehicles, from local radio broadcasting to international news coverage via satellite, from vaccinations against polio and smallpox to laser surgery. Social, political, and environmental changes There has been migration across the globe, allowing different cultures, languages, skills, and even physical characteristics of different races to intermingle like never before. The 20th century also suffered through two World Wars, and several regional wars in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. There was the Great Depression of the 1930s, and the Asian economic crisis of the 1990s. Considered the modern-day plague, AIDS has afflicted...
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