...to determine how Daphnia magna heart rate behaves when exposed to increasing concentrations of stimulant and depressant drug. Hypothesis: If the concentration of caffeine pills and ethanol alcohol are increased then Daphnia magna heart rate will only increase in caffeine pills but not ethanol because caffeine pills are stimulant drug that boost mental and physical function in contrast alcohol is a depressant drug, which reduces the levels of arousal in the central nervous system (Ceida, n.d.). Independent Variables: 0%, 3%, 5% ethanol concentration. 0%, 3%, 5% caffeine pill concentration. Dependent Variable: heart rate of Daphnia magna/beats per minute (bpm). Constant Variables: Daphnia magna, caffeine pills, ethyl alcohol, 1 inch masking tape, 100ml volumetric flask, 100ml beakers, 10ml graduated cylinder, containers, light microscope, wash bottle, coffee filter, mortar and pestle, distilled water, and concavity slides. REVIEW OF LITERATURE: Caffeine and alcohol plays a vital role in every daily life of humanity, but which concentrations greatly affect the heart rate of Daphnia magna? So, what are Daphnia magna...
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...The Daphnia magna is a small crustacean that was used for the experiment. The purpose of this lab experiment was to determine how both caffeine and alcohol would affect the heart rate of a Daphnia magna. The results showed that when caffeine was added to the Daphnia magna, its heart rate increased faster than when alcohol was added. In this lab report, the steps are explained on how we conducted the experiment. Also, any errors that happened during the experiment will be analyzed more in detailed in this lab report. Introduction Daphnia magna is a little crustacean that is found living in ponds. It duplicates by sexual reproduction, varying with the creation of asexual offspring (Roulin, 2013). The Daphnia magna is a transparent crustacean...
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...Introduction The Daphnia magna, more commonly known as the water flea, is a tiny freshwater crustacean. Its clear exoskeleton and jointed appendages point to its classification as an arthropod. This is further evidenced by the location of its heart—the dorsal region. The Daphnia magna’s importance in the aquatic food chain can be attributed to its essential place in the diet of young and adult fish (Elbert, 2005). The Daphnia magna belongs to Class Branchiopoda, which are free-floating crustaceans that. It is also, more specifically, a member of Genus Daphnia (Ebert, 2005). Branchiopods always have flattened, partially leaf-like, legs. As a branchiopod, the Daphnia magna belongs to the Order Cladocera, which is protected by a calcified...
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...predatory and prey, Daphnia magna serves as a unique model organism in aquatic ecology (Lampert 2006). D. magna consumes different types of appropriately sized particles, this includes algae, bacteria and protozoans (Lampert 2006). As prey, D. magna is well known for its morphological defences, that were developed in some individuals in response to certain predators (Lampert 2006). These defense mechanisms include helmets, crest, tail spines, and neck teeth (Lampert 2006). Other defensive behavioral responses can be triggered by the presences of chemical substances emitted in the near environment from predators (Pijanowska 1997). This leads to the question of how would the presence of a predator would affect behaviors such as feeding in D. magna. Our hypothesis was that the presence of a predator will affect the feeding rate of D. magna. We predicted that if the D. magna is exposed to predators while feeding, they will have a slower feeding rate. We...
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...ethanol (Abdel-Rahman 1987). In rats, heart rates were both increased and decreased with the addition of ethanol depending on the level of stress the rats were in (Arciero 1998). In humans, caffeine did not affect heart rates (Sparrow 1987). Different ages of humans had heart rates that were not affected by caffeine (Umemura 2006). The purpose of this experiment was to test if the quantity of ethanol and caffeine increases or decreases the heart rates in Daphnia magna. We predicted that the heart rates of the Daphnia would rise when exposed to ethanol, yet would remain the same when exposed to caffeine. We also hypothesized that the higher the concentration of the drug in the solution, the more effect the drug would have on the organism. Methods We conducted the experiment on Daphnia...
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...for each temperature of the five different temperatures we are testing, 15°C, 20°C, 30°C, 35°C, and 40°C. after adding the caffeine, we calculated the BPM for each Daphnia individually, then the average for each temperature was taken. The independent variables that we manipulated in this experiment were the amount of the caffeine that was added to the Daphnia’s and the temperature of the water. The dependent variable we measured was the heartbeat of Daphnia’s per minute. One of the confounding variables was the concentration of the water in which the Daphnia’s was in. however; the same environment was used for all the Daphnia’s, which eliminates the effect of this variable in the result. The same light source and the same room temperature (baseline) were used in the all measurement of the...
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...Heart Rate of a Daphnia Magna WCCC Tina Reott Anatomy Physiology II /SPRING SEMESTER 2015 Dr Matt Sisak Introduction In order for the body to operate properly, it is necessary for homeostasis, or a relatively stable environment, to be maintained. The cardiac center is the medulla oblongata regulates the heart rate to maintain a stable environment. It is composed of two neural pools. One is the cardioacceleratory center and the other is the cardioinhibitory center. Each regulates the heartbeat through the sympathetic cardiac nerves and the parasympathetic fibers of the vagus nerves respectfully. Many factors affect the heart rate including sensory and emotional stimuli as well as receptor input from proprioceptors (in...
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...The effects on heart rate on a Daphnia Magna with varied substances William Piper WCCC/Spring 2015 Semester A&P 2 Dr. Sisak Introduction: The purpose of the experiment conducted was to test the effects of varied substances on the heart rate of a Daphnia Magna. A Daphnia Magna is a freshwater flea native to North America (Wikipedia, 2015). The substances used on the Daphnia were aspirin, nasal spray, Alka-Seltzer, coffee, and tea. Aspirin is a common pain reliever and fever reducer (Rx List, 2015). Pain increases heart rate; therefore, a pain reliever would inherently reduce the heart rate of an organism (Storella, 1998). Nasal spray works by constricting blood vessels in the nose to help reduce swelling and inflammation to...
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...Through the results of this experiment, the effects of three over the counter allergy medications on heart rate of a Daphnia magna were able to be explored. As hypothesized, Benadryl significantly reduced the heart rate of the water flea after a period of two minutes - a 29% decrease in fact. The water flea also experienced an uneven heart rate and slowed movements. Since diphenhydramine does not discriminate between which histamine receptors that it blocks, the H3 receptors that prevent sleep and increase wakefulness are blocked - thereby leading to drowsiness (13). The uneven, slowed movement, and reduced heart rate are all indicators of the side effects that correspond with the Benadryl medication that is also specified on the label....
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...temperature ranges on which reactions inside a living thing would perform optimally and its performance would decrease as the temperature deviates from that range. The measurement of heart rate can be considered as an indicator of the performance for many living things. Licht et al [1965] studied the effect of temperature on the capacity of performing an activity for the Lizards [1]. Du et al [2001] studied the effect of temperature on different reptilian embryos and showed that the increase in temperature resulted in increased heart rate [2]. The closest study to our work is done by Lankeymeyer et al [2003] who studied the performance various animals, such as water flea Daphnia magna Strauss, with respect to temperature [3]. In our study, we want to see the effect of a stimulant such as caffeine on the heart rate of Daphnia. We quantify the...
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...Alcohol on Daphnia magna Yong Im El Centro College This experiment tested the effects of alcohol on the heart rate of Daphnia magna. We observed the heart rate of the D.magna in just water and compared it with the organism in a 5 percent alcohol solution. The results showed that the D.magna heart rate was decreased by 33 percent. The alcohol has an effect on the central nervous system. Introduction Alcohol is a common organic compound formed when a hydroxyl group (-OH) is substituted for a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon chain. A common form of alcohol is ethanol found in alcoholic beverages which is derived from fermentation of sugar with yeast. The anesthetic ether is also made from ethanol. Alcohol acts as a central nervous system depressant...
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...This experiment is to show how the heart rate can be affected by the substances caffeine and ethanol,Daphnia (Daphnia magna) are prone to alcohol and caffeine intoxication and react quickly to both solutions, therefor the effect of both the depressant and stimulant on the heart rate can be seen through the translucent exoskeleton . (John K. Colbourne) Caffein (trimethylzanthine) is a psychoactive drug, it is found in large quantities in a array of different foods and drinks.It is a cardiac stimulant, this occurs by it being a anti catalyst to the enzyme cyclic phosphodiesterace (Neal J. 1999) which keeps the heart at a steady pace with the help of C.A.M.P (cyclic adenosine monoposphate) this is produced by the hormone epinephrine. Without cyclic phosphodiesterace the heart beat increases, this is because the C.A.M.P diffuses through cells and activates...
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...Daphnia are small planktonic crustaceans that belong to the Phyllopoda (sometimes called Branchiopoda), which are characterized by flattened leaf-like legs used to produce a water current for the filtering apparatus. Within the branchiopods, Daphnia belong to the Cladocera, whose bodies are enclosed by an uncalcified shell known as the carapace. It has a double wall, between which hemolymph flows and which is part of the body cavity. The carapace is largely made of chitin, a polysaccharide. Cladocera have up to 10 pairs of appendages, which are (from front to back): antennules, antennae (the second antennae, used for swimming); maxillae; and mandibles; followed by 5 (as in Daphnia) or 6 limbs on the trunk. The limbs form an apparatus for...
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...Daphnia are very sensitive to ions and other chemicals in water, so they are often found in freshwater habitats with temperatures around 18-22°C. This also helps many scientists determine how safe water is for human consumption. If the Daphnia can live for a long while, then the water tends to be safer than if the Daphnia die immediately. Daphnia are extraordinarily small invertebrates, most only getting up to 1cm long and forming in the shape of a kidney bean. Daphnia have two sets of long, doubly branched antennae and six appendages that help produce water, carry food, and pump oxygen to their mouths and gills. Due to the Daphnia’s transparent carapace, another name for the body frame of the Daphnia, the species tends to be the color of what it eats. With Daphnia being filter feeders, they tend to feed on zooplankton, phytoplankton, bacteria, detritus, and fungal spores. The eating habits of Daphnia remain constant, however, the infiltration rates depend on temperature, body size, food density/quality, oxygen concentration, and water pH. Daphnia can be fed to many animals such as water mites and small...
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...Effect of Substances on the Heart Rate of a Daphnia Magna Lab Report Katherine Schmucker WCCC/Semester 2 A&P 2/Bio-072 Dr. Matthew Sisak February 6, 2015 Introduction: The substances that were applied to the Daphnia were aspirin, nasal spray, adrenalin, acetylcholine, and alka seltzer (College, p. 42). Aspirin’s active additive is acetyl salicylic acid (Henderson, n.d.). The nasal spray’s active additive is “therapeutic (Administration, 2002).” Adrenalin’s active additive is “acid tartrate (Agency, n.d.).” Acetylcholine contains “5-methyl tetrahydrofolate, huperzine A, and alpha-tocotrienol (Research, 2015).” Alka seltzer’s active additive include aspirin, sodium bicarbonate, and citric acid (Alka-Seltzer Effervescent Tablets Original,...
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