...1. When to use standard I/O (A) When working with disk or terminal files (B) When you need to fetch file metadata [a] (C) None (D) All the above 2. Difference between getc and fgetc (a) fgetc can be implemented as macro, where as getc cannot be implemented as macro (b) getc can be implemented as macro, where as fgetc cannot be implemented as a macro [b] (c) getc is used to write a character and fgetc to read a character (d) fgetc to write a character and getc to read a character 3. rewinddir returns (a) 0 (b) -1 [c] (c) no value (d) error (4) The functions which change the execution mode of the program from user mode to kernel mode are known as (a)...
Words: 1393 - Pages: 6
...Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, ac consectetuer risus ligula arcu amet, lectus massa ut varius. Id convallis velit ligula aut in semper, mattis turpis, ante luctus lorem. Enim repudiandae. Tristique praesent at, morbi pellentesque. Ipsum suspendisse in urna, ac curabitur. Lacus purus, velit vulputate, voluptatem leo pede elementum lorem, diam sed fusce neque nulla amet augue. Sed massa leo magnis et nonummy duis, aliquet tellus enim dolor diam mi vitae, aliquam diam phasellus felis. Dolore conubia. Nunc sapien dapibus lorem conubia odio a. Non erat tincidunt. Non aliquam accumsan eu. Bibendum dui pellentesque metus, dolor tempus, mollis id nec ante. Nec sit magna, nam tempor ornare. Nec elit wisi molestie vel, dui libero etiam potenti nonummy aliquam tristique, sodales per ac in est, commodo augue pellentesque. Interdum adipiscing proin nec varius mauris, quam elementum donec metus quam semper nec. Morbi turpis parturient integer dolor. Proin quam lorem nam cras, pede lectus est risus, justo lobortis id. Proin neque ante praesent varius, pede feugiat nec ante scelerisque libero elit. Tellus sapien, vitae vestibulum fusce tellus faucibus maecenas. Nisl a mattis vivamus laoreet, at libero ligula libero nulla, eget nec in maecenas nunc ut mauris. Metus odio dui congue lacus suspendisse, vestibulum eget id ligula vel dui lobortis. Vivamus et. Tempor donec sapiente sollicitudin. Nulla varius praesent integer rutrum, molestie et. Nunc vivamus orci ligula ipsum dignissim ante, non risus...
Words: 442 - Pages: 2
...which is used for large data analysis and storage. Hadoop decompose a massive job into number of smaller tasks. Hadoop uses Hadoop Distributed File System to store data. HDFS stores files as number of blocks and replicated for fault tolerance. The block placement strategy does not consider data placement characteristics. It stores file as block randomly. The block size and replication factor are configurable parameters. An application can specify number of replica of file and it can be changed later. HDFS cluster has master/slave architecture with a single Name Node as master server which manages the file system namespace and regulates access to file by clients. The slaves are called to the number of Data Nodes. File is divided into number of one or more blocks and stores as set of blocks in Data Nodes. Opening, renaming and closing file and directory all operations are done by Name Node and Data Node are responsible for read and write request from Name Node. Hadoop uses Hadoop distributed File System (HDFS) which is an open source implementation Google File System for storing data. HDFS is used in Hadoop for storing data. Strategic data partitioning, processing, replication,...
Words: 3188 - Pages: 13
...Sequential Data Files 8 In this chapter, we will introduce the important concept of a data file and discuss the use of sequential files for data input. We will also describe how to manipulate the records in these files in several ways. After reading this chapter, you will be able to do the following: Identify the types of data files [Section 8.1] Identify records and fields within a data file [Section 8.1] Create, write data to, and read data from a sequential file [Section 8.1] Delete, modify, and insert records in a sequential file [Section 8.2] Use arrays for file maintenance [Section 8.2] Merge two data files so that their records stay in order [Section 8.3] Use the control break processing technique in certain programming situations [Section 8.4] Combine many techniques learned so far—data files, arrays, searching, and sorting—to create a longer program [Section 8.5] ISBN 1-256-14455-X 405 Prelude to Programming: Concepts and Design, Fifth Edition, by Stewart Venit and Elizabeth Drake. Published by Addison-Wesley. Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. 406 Chapter 8 Sequential Data Files In the Everyday World Data Files You probably write information you need to remember on little scraps of paper all the time, and that’s good enough for a lot of things. But if you try to run a business that way, you’ll find yourself in trouble because you’ll have a difficult time locating the data you need to pay bills, employees, and suppliers. If you...
Words: 12582 - Pages: 51
...[TERM PAPER ON FILE SYSTEMS] | Detailed study and comparison of various file systems including FAT,NTFS ,RAID and EXT | ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to thank my teacher for assigning me the topic ( Comparison of various File Systems) . I would also like to thank for providing me with the necessary details which were required for the completion of the term paper. I would also like to thank my friends for helping me with this term paper. I thank you all. CONTENT * INTRODUCTION * FILE ALLOCATION TABLE * fat * vfat * fat12 * fat16 * fat32 * fdt * NEW TECHONOLOGY FILE SYSTEM * ntfs * hpfs * ntfs 5.0 * mft * REDUNDANT ARRAY OF INDEPENDENT DISKS * raid * raid 0 * raid 1 * raid 3 * raid 5 * raid 10 * raid 30 and 50 * EXTENDED FILE SYSTEM * -ext 2 * -ext 3 * -linux swap * CONCLUSION * REFERENCES File System Definition: Computers use particular kinds of file systems to store and organize data on media, such as a hard drive, the CDs, DVDs, and BDs in an optical drive or on a flash drive. Any place that a PC stores data is employing the use of some type of file system. A file system can be thought of as an index or database containing the physical location of every piece of data on a hard drive. A file system is setup on a drive during a format...
Words: 14273 - Pages: 58
...Save Question 11 (1 point) The enumeration FileAccess is used to: Question 11 options: control user access to a file. control program access to a file. control the amount of updating that can be done on a file at once. FileAccess is a method, not an enumeration. Save Question 13 (1 point) Use the ________ method to programmatically close an app. Question 13 options: Application.Shutdown Application.Exit Application.Current.Exit Application.Current.Shutdown Save Save Question 21 (1 point) A web service's methods can be called by methods on other machines using ________. Question 21 options: Representational State Transfer (REST) architecture Simple Object Access Protocol Both Representational State Transfer (REST) architecture and Simple Object Access Protocol None of these. Save Questions Question 1 Computer circuitry is able to: 1 / 1 point get the value of a bit. examine the value of a bit. reverse the value of a bit. All of these. Question 2 A recursive search on a directory is one where: 1 / 1 point a directory is searched and then all of its sub directories are searched. each sub directory is searched and then the main directory is searched. a search is done randomly on all directories. a directory is searched and then all of its sub directories are searched and a search is done randomly on all directories a directory is searched and then all of its sub directories are searched and each sub directory is searched and then the main directory...
Words: 27152 - Pages: 109
...the process to move data from a source to a destination. I use this generic definition, as the tools are not specific to data warehousing. ETL tools and processes can be used to migrate data in any data context from data warehousing to data migration on an OLTP system update. The rest of this document will focus specifically on ETL issues and issues related to Pentaho Kettle. A good resource for Penaho Kettle is http://wiki.pentaho.com/display/EAI/Spoon+User+Guide ETL BASICS Some of the common usages for ETL are: Merging Data – Data is pulled from multiple sources to be merged into one or more destinations. Data Scrubbing (Format Modification) – Data formats can be changed. i.e. string to int, additionally, ETL can be used to “scrub” the data where bad data can be “fixed” using fuzzy lookups or other operations to infer a value. Automation – ETL can be used to automate the movement of data between two locations. This also standardizes the process, so that the load is done the same way in every run. JOBS, TRANSFORMATIONS, STEPS, and HOPS In Pentaho, each entire ETL process is described in one or more TRANSFORMATIONS. A transformation is defined as an entity that contains definitions on how to move data from one or more sources to one or more destinations. Specifically, a transformation will contain the following parts: 1. Input (s) – one or more input steps defines is the source of the data for a transformation. A transformation can contain 1 or more sources. Due...
Words: 2349 - Pages: 10
...Copyright © 2003, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA ISBN 1-59047-333-7 All rights reserved. Produced in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, SAS Institute Inc. U.S. Government Restricted Rights Notice: Use, duplication, or disclosure of this software and related documentation by the U.S. government is subject to the Agreement with SAS Institute and the restrictions set forth in FAR 52.227-19, Commercial Computer Software-Restricted Rights (June 1987). SAS Institute Inc., SAS Campus Drive, Cary, North Carolina 27513. 1st printing, November 2003 SAS Publishing provides a complete selection of books and electronic products to help customers use SAS software to its fullest potential. For more information about our e-books, e-learning products, CDs, and hardcopy books, visit the SAS Publishing Web site at support.sas.com/pubs or call 1-800-727-3228. SAS and all other SAS Institute Inc. product or service names are registered trademarks or trademarks of SAS Institute Inc. in the USA and other countries. ® indicates USA registration. Other brand and product names are trademarks of their respective companies. ® CONTENTS Acknowledgments About This Book What’s New xiv ix x xi Introducing SAS Software Chapter 1 Getting Started Using SASâ Software 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1...
Words: 70608 - Pages: 283
...Import | 1 Import Process 2.1 General Details Item | Details | Company | Liberty Mutual | Import Guide | Workflow Import ,Assignment ImportBusiness Service CI Import Change template ImportApproval mapping ImportSRM ImportSLM Import | 2.2 Documentation 2.3.1 Work Flow Import Documentation 1. To start the import process, Choose Start > Programs > BMC Software >BMC Remedy Developer Studio. 2. Login to Developer studio with Admin Username and password MC Remedy Developer Studio-Login 3. If authentication fail message appears then, check for the username and password. 4. And also check for the Server name. 5. Go to File>Import. 6. Check for the object definition> Next. 7. Check for the Server name> Next 8. Select the file (with a .def ) that contains the definitions to import, and then click Open. 9. Click Next. 10. Selcet the object list. You can remove or add the obects. 11. (Optional) If the object being imported is already on the destination server, click the Replace Objects (as shown in below image) on the Destination server check box, which enables you to overwrite existing form definitions without deleting data or breaking workflow. a. Select any of the following options: * Delete Excess Fields—Deletes fields on the server that are not present in the file. * Delete Excess Views—Deletes views on the server that are not present in the file. * Replace...
Words: 2267 - Pages: 10
...3- Deciding what replica files to keep or delete when there is shortage of storage in a site i.e. long-term optimization or dynamic replication strategy. Replication can be static or dynamic. In static replication the replicas have to be manually created, deleted and managed and it becomes tedious with the increase in files and user jobs. So it has the drawback that can not adapt to changes in user behavior. In real scenario, where the data amounts to peta bytes, and the user community is in the order of thousands around the world; static replication does not sound to be feasible. Dynamic replication strategies overcome the problem, where replica creation, deletion and management are done automatically. Dynamic replication strategies have the ability to adapt to changes in user behavior. Dynamic strategies are explained in section-2. In replication consistency is an important issue that needs to be considered. To overcome this problem as in other papers, it is assumed that: access pattern is read only for all replicas in data grid. The remainder of paper is organized as follows. Related work on replication and scheduling is given in section 3. A 3-layerd hierarchical structure is proposed for replication in data grid based on classification of networks, along with a novel algorithm for this structure is given in section 4. Section 5, covers the simulation result with optorsim and section 6 concludes the paper. Summary In data grids huge amount of data are generated and processed...
Words: 3673 - Pages: 15
...Chapter 1 1. Identify which of the following variable names are valid SAS names: Height (valid) HeightInCentimeters(valid) Height_in_centimeters(valid) Wt-Kg(invalid) x123y456(valid) 76Trombones(invalid) MiXeDCasE(valid) 2. In the following list, classify each data set name as valid or invalid: Clinic (valid) Clinic (valid) Work (valid) hyphens-in-the-name(invalid) 123GO(invalid) Demographics_2006(valid) 3. You have a data set consisting of Student ID, English, History, Math, and Science test scores on 10 students. a. The number of variables is ___5_______ b. The number of observations is _10_________ 4. True or false: a. You can place more than one SAS statement on a single line. (true) b. You can use several lines for a single SAS statement.(true) c. SAS has three data types: character, numeric, and integer.(false) d. OPTIONS and TITLE statements are considered global statements.(true) 5. What is the default storage length for SAS numeric variables (in bytes)? 8 bytes Chapter 2 1. You have a text file called stocks.txt containing a stock symbol, a price, and the number of shares. Here are some sample lines of data: File stocks.txt AMGN 67.66 100 DELL 24.60 200 GE 34.50 100 HPQ 32.32 120 IBM 82.25 50 MOT 30.24 100 a. Using this raw data file, create a temporary SAS data set (Portfolio). Choose your own variable names for the stock symbol, price, and number of shares. In addition, create a new variable (call it Value) equal to the stock price...
Words: 3077 - Pages: 13
...version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com 1 BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (BCA) COBOL CONTENTS Syllabus UNIT –1 Lesson-1 Lesson-2 Lesson-3 Lesson-4 Lesson-5 Introduction to COBOL Divisions of COBOL Picture clause characteristics Editing Level Structure PAGE NO 1 9 16 20 26 UNIT – 2 Lesson-6 Lesson-7 Lesson-8 Lesson-9 Lesson-10 Data Movement verb: MOVE Arithmetic Verbs Input and Output Verbs Corresponding Options Programs using Arithmetic Verbs 30 34 41 48 54 UNIT – 3 Lesson-11 Lesson-12 Lesson-13 Lesson-14 Lesson-15 Conditions Conditionals Statements PERFORM statements RENAMES & REDEFINES Clauses Programs 60 70 77 82 86 UNIT– 4 Lesson-16 Lesson-17 Lesson-18 Lesson-19 Lesson-20 Sequential Files Direct Access Files Indexed Sequential Files Sorting and Merging of Files Programs 92 98 102 107 114 UNIT – 5 Lesson-21 Lesson-22 Lesson-23 Lesson-24 Lesson-25 Table Handling Indexed Tables & Index Names Search & Start Verbs Programs using OCCURS & Screen Section List of Programs 123 128 132 136 142 This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com 2 UNIT – I LESSON – 1: INTRODUCTION TO COBOL CONTENTS 1.0 Aims and Objectives 1.1 History of COBOL 1.2 FORMAT FOR COBOL PROGRAMS 1.3 STRUCTURE OF A COBOL PROGRAM 1.4 CHARACTER SET 1.5 COBOL WORDS 1.6 DATA NAMES AND IDENTIFIERS 1.7 LITERALS ...
Words: 43822 - Pages: 176
...Description • Databases are used to store, manipulate, and retrieve data in nearly every type of organization. • Database technology is routinely used by – individuals on personal computers – workgroups accessing databases on network servers – enterprise-wide distributed applications. Course Description • Introduces the basic and fundamental concepts on databases and the management of databases in terms of the different applications. • Exposes the use of DBMS to create and maintain applications. – – – – table construction Forms queries and report generations Course Objectives • Trace the growth and importance of database application; • Identify the advantages and disadvantages of database systems; • Apply appropriate techniques and methodologies in building and maintaining database systems; and • Create database application for business processes. Value Aims • Values – Teamwork – Self-Esteem – Accuracy – Confidence – Patience • Skills – Analytical and Logical 1 11/11/2014 Course Requirements • • • • • • Lecture sessions Hands-on Activities Quizzes Assignments Periodic Examinations Individual projects COURSE ADMINISTRATION Grading Scheme (Prelim, Midterm and Endterm) • CLASS STANDING 40% – Assignments – Quizzes – Lab Activities Grading Scheme Percentile Distribution • Prelim 30% • Midterm 30% • Finals 40% • EXAMINATIONS • PROJECT 40% 20% PRELIM LECTURE • Basic Concepts and Definitions • Traditional File Processing System vs Database System • Components of the Database...
Words: 2854 - Pages: 12
...Statistics and Actuarial Science September 1, 1998 Table Of Contents Page Before Using This Manual……………………………………………………………………………….3 Introduction to SPSS……………………………………………………………………………………..4 SPSS Basics……………………………………………………………………………………………... 5 Tutorial 1: SPSS Windows.…………………………………………………………………………5 Tutorial 2: Starting A SPSS Session.……………………………………………………………...6 Tutorial 3: Getting Help on SPSS.………………………………………………………………… 6 Tutorial 4: Ending A SPSS Session.……………………………………………………………… 6 Creating and Manipulating Data in SPSS.……………………………………………………………. 7 Tutorial 1: Creating a New Data Set.……………………………………………………………... 7 Tutorial 2: Creating a New Data Set From Other File Formats.……………………………….10 Tutorial 3: Opening an Existing SPSS Data Set.………………………………………………. 16 Tutorial 4: Printing a Data Set.…………………………………………………………………… 16 Generating Descriptive Statistics in SPSS…………………………………………………………...17 Tutorial 1: Mean, Sum, Standard Deviation, Variance, Minimum Value, Maximum Value, and Range.……………………………………………………….. 17 Tutorial 2: Correlation.…………………………………………………………………………….. 18 Generating Graphical Statistics in SPSS……………………………………………………………..20 Tutorial 1: How to Generate Scatter Plots.………………………………………………………20 Tutorial 2: How to Generate A Histogram.………………….…………………………………... 22 Tutorial 3: How to Generate A Stem and Leaf Plot……………………………………………..23 Tutorial 4: How to Generate A Box Plot………………………………………………………….26 Statistical Models in SPSS……………………………………………………………………………..28 Tutorial 1: Linear Regression.……………………………………………………………………...
Words: 5895 - Pages: 24
...S. Park and S.-Y. Ohm: New Techniques for Real-Time FAT File System in Mobile Multimedia Devices 1 New Techniques for Real-Time FAT File System in Mobile Multimedia Devices Sunhwa Park and Seong-Young Ohm Abstract — Flash memory has become the most important storage media in the mobile multimedia products such as MP3 players, mobile phones, and digital cameras. Most mobile multimedia devices, however, use one of the conventional FAT file systems slightly modified for flash memory environments. Our analysis shows that theses file systems have some restriction in recording a live multimedia stream stably because they have irregular write response times. In this paper, we have considered the problems of the existing FAT file system and propose two new techniques to solve the problems. The first technique called Sector Reservation method reduces internal overhead effectively. And the other method called ACPA avoids the periodic cluster allocation of the conventional FAT file system and removes the frequent modifications on the file allocation table in the FAT file system. To evaluate our new techniques, we implemented a prototype Real-Time FAT file system on ARM9 board with our two novel techniques. The experimental results show that our system achieves our goal successfully in that its write response times are very deterministic and more uniform1. Index Terms — Flash memory, FAT file system, FTL, Mobile multimedia device. I. INTRODUCTION One of the distinct trends in...
Words: 7197 - Pages: 29
