...The definition I have determined that defines a data type is different types of data that will include a range of value or a specific type of data in a storage formant. A variable that is stored as data in a computer program has to be a specific data type. There are many different types of data that includes dates, values, numbers, and characters to name a few. Different data types can be used by a large number of database applications. A specific kind of data is usually required in certain fields of a database. For example, if a business has a database for all the employees a different data type would be used for each kind of data. The start date for an employee could be stored in a date format, but a wage/salary amount would be stored as an integer. If database types are kept the same in all the records then the applications are easily search, compare, and sort different records. Data typing is important if you want to keep a business managed. Data entry is important because it is a way of organizing data that keeps a business well managed. Data entry is very important if you want to manage information and records in a computer software program. Data entry assures accuracy of company’s data and all information keeps up to date. Accuracy is very important in data entry validation. Validation of data entry will reduce the problems of inaccuracy if incorrect data is input. When creating a data entry the format for each field can input. The date, time, number, character, etc...
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...TYPE OF DATA Times Series Data A time series is a sequence of data points, typically consisting of successive measurements made over a time interval. Examples of time series are ocean tides, counts of sunspots, and the daily closing value of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. Time series are very frequently plotted via line charts. Time series are used in statistics, signal processing, pattern recognition, econometrics, mathematical finance, weather forecasting, earthquake prediction, electroencephalography, control engineering, astronomy, communications engineering, and largely in any domain of applied science and engineering which involves temporal measurements Cross-Section Data Cross-sectional data, or a cross section of a study population, in statistics and econometrics is a type data collected by observing many subjects (such as individuals, firms, countries, or regions) at the same point of time, or without regard to differences in time. Analysis of cross-sectional data usually consists of comparing the differences among the subjects. For example, if we want to measure current obesity levels in a population, we could draw a sample of 1,000 people randomly from that population (also known as a cross section of that population), measure their weight and height, and calculate what percentage of that sample is categorized as obese. This cross-sectional sample provides us with a snapshot of that population, at that one point in time. Note that we do not know based...
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...1 | ELEMENTS OF PROGRAMMING | DATA | 1.1.1 | HelloWorld.java | Hello, World | – | 1.1.2 | UseArgument.java | using a command-line argument | – | 1.2.1 | Ruler.java | string concatenation example | – | 1.2.2 | IntOps.java | integer multiplication and division | – | 1.2.3 | Quadratic.java | quadratic formula | – | 1.2.4 | LeapYear.java | leap year | – | 1.2.5 | RandomInt.java | casting to get a random integer | – | 1.3.1 | Flip.java | flippling a fair coin | – | 1.3.2 | TenHellos.java | your first while loop | – | 1.3.3 | PowersOfTwo.java | computing powers of two | – | 1.3.4 | DivisorPattern.java | your first nested loops | – | 1.3.5 | Harmonic.java | harmonic numbers | – | 1.3.6 | Sqrt.java | Newton's method | – | 1.3.7 | Binary.java | converting to binary | – | 1.3.8 | Gambler.java | gambler's ruin simulation | – | 1.3.9 | Factors.java | factoring integers | – | 1.4.1 | Sample.java | sampling without replacement | – | 1.4.2 | CouponCollector.java | coupon collector simulation | – | 1.4.3 | PrimeSieve.java | sieve of Eratosthenes | – | 1.4.4 | SelfAvoidingWalk.java | self-avoiding random walks | – | 1.5.1 | RandomSeq.java | generating a random sequence | – | 1.5.2 | TwentyQuestions.java | interactive user input | – | 1.5.3 | Average.java | averaging a stream of numbers | – | 1.5.4 | RangeFilter.java | a simple filter | – | 1.5.5 | PlotFilter.java | input-to-drawing filter | USA.txt | 1.5.6 | BouncingBall.java | bouncing ball...
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...enumerations and type definitions. Naming: The variable name is the way to reference the stored value. It allows the name to be used independently of the exact information it represents. Assignment: It sets or re-sets the value stored in the storage locations marked by a variable name. It copies a value into the variable. Assignments allow a variable to hold different values at different times during its life span and scope. Although, some languages do not allow that kind of “destructive” reassignment because it could imply changes of non-local state. and Initialization: The process of locating and using the defined values for variable data that is used by a computer program. The operating system or application is installed with default or user-specified values that determine certain aspects of how the system or program is to function. These values are stored in initialization files. When the operating system or an application program is first loaded into memory, a part of the program performs initialization, finds definite values to substitute for variable values, and acts accordingly in program designs. Use the correct data type for variables in program designs. Variables are “placeholders” used to store values that have names and data types. The data type of a variable determines how the bits representing those values are stored in the computer’s memory. When you declare a variable, you can also supply a data type for it. All variable have a data type that determines what...
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...was to create two dynamic table and display data into them. The first dynamic table was created in the same way as already known using the method “create_dynamic_table” but the problem was the second dynamic table creation. To do this, you don’t need to use the same method again rather the RTTC concept helps us in the same. The below code illustrates the same and displays the data in an ALV as shown in the diagram below. REPORT ztest. **** Data declarations DATA: dtab TYPE REF TO data, newstr2 TYPE REF TO cl_abap_typedescr, tab_type1 TYPE REF TO cl_abap_tabledescr, lref_ditab TYPE REF TO data, lref_new_line TYPE REF TO data. **** Field-Symbols declarations FIELD-SYMBOLS: <fs_dyn_tab1> TYPE ANY TABLE, <fs_dyn_tab2> TYPE ANY TABLE, <fs_dyn_wa> TYPE ANY. **** Field Catalog declarations DATA: ls_fcat TYPE lvc_s_fcat, lt_fcat TYPE lvc_t_fcat. **** Data declarations for ALV Display * **** Object variable for ALV grid DATA: obj_my_alv_grid TYPE REF TO cl_gui_alv_grid. ****...
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...Release 7.0 B31682-03 Copyright ©1996, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved. ALL SOFTWARE AND DOCUMENTATION (WHETHER IN HARD COPY OR ELECTRONIC FORM) ENCLOSED AND ON THE COMPACT DISC(S) ARE SUBJECT TO THE LICENSE AGREEMENT. The documentation stored on the compact disc(s) may be printed by licensee for licensee’s internal use only. Except for the foregoing, no part of this documentation (whether in hard copy or electronic form) may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of TimesTen Inc. Oracle, JD Edwards, PeopleSoft, Retek, TimesTen, the TimesTen icon, MicroLogging and Direct Data Access are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. The Programs (which include both the software and documentation) contain proprietary information; they are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are also protected by copyright, patent, and other intellectual and industrial property laws. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of the Programs, except to the extent required to obtain interoperability with other independently created software or as specified by law, is prohibited. The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. If you find any problems in...
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...COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (86) The Aim: 1. To empower students by enabling them to build their own applications. 2. To introduce students to some effective tools to enable them to enhance their knowledge, broaden horizons, foster creativity, improve the quality of work and increase efficiency. 3. To enable students to learn to use the World Wide Web in order to gather knowledge and communicate with students and the academic community all over the world. 4. To enable students to learn to process words and numbers, analyze data, communicate ideas effectively and make the optimum use of computer resources. 5. To help students learn fundamental concepts of computing using object oriented approach in one computer language. 6. To provide students with a clear idea of ethical issues involved in the field of computing. CLASS IX There will be one written paper of two hours duration carrying 100 marks and Internal Assessment of 100 marks. The paper will be divided into two sections A & B. Section A (Compulsory – 40 marks) will consist of compulsory short answer questions covering the entire syllabus. Section B (60 marks) will consist of questions which will require detailed answers and there will be a choice of questions in this section. THEORY - 100 Marks 1. Operating System i) Command User Interface The need for an Operating System, the Booting Process, Directory handling, Absolute and Relative path names, File handling, Disk handling Commands, Batch Files. ii) Graphic User Interface...
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...them issue out change. Use of Visual Basics Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) will be used because it is a programming language built right into many Microsoft programs. This language is built on the Basic programming language made popular by PCs over the past 25 years. VBA shares similarities with other Windows implementations of the Basic language, such as Visual Basic. If you are familiar with programming in a different language (including using macros), you can quickly get up to speed with VBA. There are a few terms you should know before you start programming in VBA: * Procedure. A section of programming code, designed to accomplish a specific task, which your program statements can use throughout your program. There are two types of procedures: functions and subroutines. * Function. A procedure that returns a value after it completes its task. When called, functions typically appear on the right side of an equal sign in an expression. * Subroutine. A procedure that does not return a value after it completes its task. * Module. A named collection of procedures. You typically attach modules to specific forms or reports. You can accomplish many tasks simply by using macros. This implies--and correctly so--that not everyone needs to use VBA. As a general rule, if you can accomplish a task by using macros, do so. Macros are simpler to implement and easier to maintain. However, there are certain tasks...
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...consisting of a one-dimensional and a two-dimensional array in this case would be a good way to solve this problem in a simplified code format. An array would also allow all the data the user wants to input to be stored in the program for multiple queries to be run without having to re-input the data. So this module of the program will allow the user to input all the different procedure codes billed the provider and return a units-per-patient statistic for the searched procedure code. Assuming the data that the user will input is all for the same provider, the following variables will need to be declared: the procedure code, the number of patients, and the number of units billed. Two arrays will be declared as well, one for the procedure code and one for the number of patients and units. The procedure code variable and array must be setup with a string data type since there are some procedure codes that have alpha characters. The number of patients and the number of units variables, as well as their corresponding array will be setup as integer data types. Since both of those variables are of the same data type they can be combined into one two dimensional array. These two arrays will be parallel because they will be the same size and the subscript is related (Venit & Drake, p. 293, 2011). A real data type is used to calculate the units per patient. In a real life scenario, there are tens of thousands of medical procedure codes for providers to use when billing. For this...
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...AreaCode | A 3 – character alphanumeric field holding the client’s area code. | Barcode | A 20-character alphanumeric barcode ID that is either pre-printed on each component package or added via a label at Coastline Consulting. | City | A 20-character alphanumeric field holding the name of the client’s city. | ClientID | A system-generated large integer numeric value unique to each client. | CloseDate | A date field holding the date a service request was resolved. | Config | A system-generated large integer numeric value unique to each software configuration record. | ContactFirst | A 20-character alphanumeric field consisting of the first name of the client contact person. | ContactLast | A 30-character alphanumeric field consisting of last name of the client contact person. | DateInstalled | Date field consisting of the date a component was installed into a piece of equipment. | DateRemoved | Date field consisting of the date a component was removed from a piece of equipment. | Descrip | A 30-character description of the inventory. | Description | A 30-character description of the problem. | Details | A large alphanumeric field describing the work done on a work record. | Email | A 70-character alphanumeric field consisting of the client contact’s e-mail address. | Equipment | A 20-character alphanumeric description of the piece of equipment, if any, for a software configuration record. | EqName | A 15-character alphanumeric field holding the identifying...
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...DECLARATIONS & OPERATORS AGENDA Declaring Primitives, Reference Variables & data type casting - Practical Session Arrays -Practical Session Using Operators -Practical Session Declaring Primitives & Reference Variables Java Identifiers All the Java components - classes, variables, and methods need names. In Java these names are called Identifiers – Identifiers are representing the names of variables, methods, classes, etc. – Examples of identifiers are: employee_id, main, System, out. – Java identifiers are case-sensitive. This means that the identifier ‘employee_id’ is not the same as Emplyoee_ID. – Identifiers must begin with either a letter, an underscore “_”, or a dollar sign “$”. Letters may be lower or upper case. Subsequent characters may use numbers 0 to 9. – Identifiers cannot use Java keywords like class, public, void, etc. Examples of legal identifiers: int _id; double $c; long employee_id; Java Identifiers Coding Guidelines for Classes, Methods & Variables 1. For names (identifiers) of classes, capitalize the first letter of each word of the class name. For example, MyFirstJavaClass 2. For names (identifiers) of methods and variables, the first letter of the word should start with a small letter. For example, myFirstMethod Variable A variable is an item of data used to store the state of objects. A variable has a: – data type The data type indicates the type of value that the variable can hold. – name The variable name must follow rules for identifiers. ...
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...Explicit Type Conversions In some cases we have to perform conversions , that is the compiler does not automatically convert a type to another . These type of conversion is called Explicit conversion . An explicit conversion uses a type conversion keyword. With these conversion keywords we have to perform the Explicit Conversion. String.Format(), creates strings by combining string values with other data types and controlling how each value is displayed. Rather than formatting values individually and then concatenating them, Format() works with a string that specifies insertion points in its text. These insertion points are then replaced with the actual values. Being a string itself, the format string can be loaded from external files and resources, allowing for flexible string handling that can be convenient when working with internationalized and localized applications. Format specifiers are special symbols that specify the way data is formatted during its conversion to a string. This topic describes frequently used standard and custom format specifiers used to format numeric and date/time values. Table A-1 Variables Prefixes Prefix | Data Type | byt | Byte | b | Boolean | cur | Currency | d | Double | dte | Date | f | Single | hf | File handle (Long) | hwnd | Window handle (Long) | h(... lowercase) | Handle to something (Long) | l | Long | n | Integer | o | Object | s | String | v | Variant | Table A-2 Modifiers and Special Types Prefixes Prefix | Data Type | a...
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...of seven numbers representing the rainfall value for each day that week. Your program should output the rainfall data, including the average rainfall value for each week. 2. Design a billing summary report from a file of billing and payment information. Each record, line in the file, contains three items. The first item is a letter code indicating if the record is an order (O) or if the record is a payment (P). Next will be a string containing the customer number, and finally, the record will contain the amount of the order or payment. Your report is a summary of these data, indicating how many orders were placed and the total of the order amounts. You will also indicate how many payments were made and the total of those payments. Finally, you should compute the percentage of sales and orders. There will be no more than five records in the file. 3. Develop a program to summarize borrower fine data for your school library. The input file consists of three fields: the student number of the student, the type of item borrowed (‘book’ for reading material, ‘movie’ for DVD, and ‘music’ for CD), and the amount charged to the student for the fine. The first time you see an item type in a record, you should record that in a variable and begin to track the total for that type of item. Every file will not contain all item types, and your program should only report summary data for the actual values in the file. You should report the following summary: the item code given in the file, the...
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...1. What does static variable mean? When a variable is declared to static it will be initialized the default value zero. It is local to the block in which it is declared. The lifetime persists for each and every function call. 2. What is a pointer? A pointer is also called a reference of a particular data type. But instead of storing some value it stores the address of a particular variable. This address can be initialized by using “&” operator. Eg: int a = &b; 3. What is a structure? Structure is a special type of user defined data structure which comprises of a collection of certain type predefined data types like int, char, float etc. It is an entity which comprises of many atoms. 4. What are differences between structure and array? Arrays are group of data of same data type, whereas structure is combination of entities of different data types. Size of array needs to be declared initially itself whereas structure can be done both initially and dynamically. 5. In header files whether functions are declared or defined? Inside header files the functions are defined and they are not declared. This is also a type of structure definition. 6. What are the differences between malloc() and calloc()? malloc() takes a single argument(memory required in bytes), while calloc() needs 2 arguments(number of variables to allocate memory, size in bytes of a single variable). Secondly, malloc() doesnot initialize the memory allocated, while calloc() initializes the allocated memory...
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...A Tutorial on Pointers and Arrays in C A TUTORIAL ON POINTERS AND ARRAYS IN C by Ted Jensen Version 1.1 (HTML version) July 1998 This material is hereby placed in the public domain Available in various formats via http://www.netcom.com/~tjensen/ptr/cpoint.htm TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Introduction Chapter 1: What is a Pointer? Chapter 2: Pointer Types and Arrays. Chapter 3: Pointers and Strings Chapter 4: More on Strings Chapter 5: Pointers and Structures Chapter 6: More on Strings and Arrays of Strings Chapter 7: More on Multi-Dimensional Arrays Chapter 8: Pointers to Arrays Chapter 9: Pointers and Dynamic Allocation of Memory Chapter 10: Pointers to Functions file:///E|/My%20eBooks/_ESSENTIALS_/A%20Tutorial%...orial%20on%20Pointers%20and%20Arrays%20in%20C.htm (1 of 2)3/18/2007 12:09:49 AM A Tutorial on Pointers and Arrays in C Epilog file:///E|/My%20eBooks/_ESSENTIALS_/A%20Tutorial%...orial%20on%20Pointers%20and%20Arrays%20in%20C.htm (2 of 2)3/18/2007 12:09:49 AM Preface PREFACE This document is intended to introduce pointers to beginning programmers in the C programming language. Over several years of reading and contributing to various conferences on C including those on the FidoNet and UseNet, I have noted a large number of newcomers to C appear to have a difficult time in grasping the fundamentals of pointers. I therefore undertook the task of trying to explain them in plain language with lots of examples. The first version of this document was...
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