...IMPORTANCE OF SECURING DATA AND SOFTWARE MORE THAN COMPUTER HARDWARE IN AN ORGANIZATION BY DHUMISAN CHISI SUBMITTED TO MR MWEKHELA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE COURSE FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS COURSE CODE CCC1073 THE MALAWI ASSEMBLIES OF GOD UNIVERSITY 23TH MARCH 2015 Information systems have long been at some risk from malicious actions or unplanned user errors and from natural and man-made disasters. In recent years, systems have become more at risk to these threats because computers have become more organized and, thus, more interdependent and accessible to a larger number of individuals. In addition, the number of individuals with computer skills is increasing, and intrusion, or “hacking,” techniques are becoming more widely known via the Internet and other media. In large organizations computers are kept in large scales and also store a lot of important data and information plus maybe softwares of the at most important. These softwares and information require to be kept safe and protected. It is the sole purpose of this paper to explain the reasons why it is important to secure the organizations data/information and computer softwares of an organization. Some of the information used in business organization requires special protection for confidentiality (to ensure that only those who need access to that information to do their jobs actually have access to it). Some of the information used in business organizations need protection for...
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...Computer Organization The dictionary definition of the term “organizing” is “to put together into an orderly, functional, structured whole”. Therefore, this term applies to Computer Organization because it tries “to put together into an orderly, functional, structured whole” the main components of computers and the way computers are organized. Modern computer technology requires professionals of every computing specialty to understand both hardware and software. The interaction between hardware and software at a variety of levels also offers a framework for understanding the fundamentals of computing. Whether our primary interacts is hardware or software, Information Technology, Computer Science or Electrical Engineering, the central ideas in Computer Organization is the same. Thus, the emphasis of this is to show the relationship between hardware and software and to focus on the concepts that are the basis for current computers. The computer lies at the heart of computing. Without it, most of the computing disciplines today would be a branch of theoretical mathematics. To be a professional in any field of computing today, one should not regard the computer as just black box that executes program by magic. We, students of computing should acquire some understanding and appreciation of a computer system’s functional components, their characteristics, their performance, and their instruction. There are practical implications as well. In describing computer systems, a distinguishing...
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...OF THE STUDY 1.0 INTRODUCTION The invention of computers has brought tremendous change into various aspects of human endeavor. In the 1960s computers were used by relatively few people but presently computer has great impact on our society than any other device invented in the second half of the 20th century. The impact of computer is felt in all professions for example, in medical line, computer is used in management information system, billing system and drug administration. Likewise in education computers are useful in teaching the basic skills. In office management the use of computer has made great impact on the area of our modern office equipment which had been automated such as typewriters, communication system and language translation. In business and professional office, computer is used in inventory. Control information processing, accounting programs payroll, designing and so on to mention but a few. Man enjoys entertainment, of the computer at home after a number of advantages, it allows on to practice in private keeps one of the street and it teaches one so many things in the area of Government, taking decision planning forecasting and budgeting and so on, the use of computer to process information and to make logical decision much faster than man is steadily being exploited. Computer have become an integral part of our lives having more advantage than disadvantage. Apart from the positive impacts of computers in our world, they affect our lives in some ways which...
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...OF THE STUDY 1.0 INTRODUCTION The invention of computers has brought tremendous change into various aspects of human endeavor. In the 1960s computers were used by relatively few people but presently computer has great impact on our society than any other device invented in the second half of the 20th century. The impact of computer is felt in all professions for example, in medical line, computer is used in management information system, billing system and drug administration. Likewise in education computers are useful in teaching the basic skills. In office management the use of computer has made great impact on the area of our modern office equipment which had been automated such as typewriters, communication system and language translation. In business and professional office, computer is used in inventory. Control information processing, accounting programs payroll, designing and so on to mention but a few. Man enjoys entertainment, of the computer at home after a number of advantages, it allows on to practice in private keeps one of the street and it teaches one so many things in the area of Government, taking decision planning forecasting and budgeting and so on, the use of computer to process information and to make logical decision much faster than man is steadily being exploited. Computer have become an integral part of our lives having more advantage than disadvantage. Apart from the positive impacts of computers in our world, they affect our lives in some ways which...
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...A combination of hardware, software, infrastructure and trained personnel organized to facilitate planning, control, coordination, and decision making in an organization. 2. How would you distinguish data and information? Information and Knowledge? To distinguish between data and information you need to know what each one means. Data is the raw material for processing and refers to unprocessed information. Information is processed data. Information is that which informs that from which data can be derived. Information is conveyed either as the content of a message or through direct or indirect observation of some thing. That which is perceived can be construed as a message in its own right, and in that sense, information is always conveyed as the content of a message. Information can be encoded into various forms for transmission and interpretation. Knowledge is a familiarity, awareness or understanding of someone or something, such as facts, information, descriptions, or skills, which is acquired through experience or education by perceiving, discovering, or learning. Knowledge can refer to a theoretical or practical understanding of a subject. 3. Enumerate and define the characteristics of valuable information. * Relevant-Information, to be considered relevant, must meet the requirements of the information consumer group. This means the system contains data the consumer can use or is of value in some significant way. Relevant information also contributes to the overall success of a system...
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...computer forensics Background of Computer forensics: What is most worth to remember is that computer forensic is only one more from many forensic subdivisions. It’s not new, it’s not revolution.. Computer forensics use the same scientific methods like others forensics subdivisions. So computer forensics is not revolution in forensic science! It’s simple evolution of crime techniques and ideas. Forensic origins: Forensic roots from a Latin word, “forensic” which generally means forum or discussion. In the reign of the Romans, any criminal who has been charged with a crime is presented before an assembly of public folks. Both of the complainant and the defendant are to present their sides through their own speeches. The one who was able to explain his side with fervent delivery and argumentation typically won the case. It is important to realize that computer forensics is only one subdivision of forensic science. It is digital, it includes most advanced computer science but still it is only branch of forensic science, an its main goal is submission of the proven claims of scientific methods and strategies to recover any significant digital traces. Computer Forensic Timeline: 1970s • First crimes cases involving computers, mainly financial fraud 1980’s • Financial investigators and courts realize that in some cases all the records and evidences were only on computers. • Norton Utilities, “Un-erase” tool created • Association of Certified Fraud...
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...CHAPTER ONE 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The advancement of technology and its effects on information systems in organizations have been of major concern to the industrialists, investors and the general public in the recent times. Electronic technology has replaced the traditional methods of keeping records. The financial institutions (including banks) in most part of the world now embrace electronic technology through the use of Electronic Funds Transfer facilities (EFT), Automated Teller Machine (ATM) and Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR). Automated equipment is now used to process billions of cheques in a short time. Telex Machines are used to ‘wire’ money in commercial transactions from banks in one country to another. The advancement has led to all banks in Nigeria being made IT compliance statutorily. In fact, CBN requires all banks to comply with the use of the new Electronic Financial Analysis and Surveillance System (EFASS) to submit their monthly returns. Infrastructural technology devices have therefore become significant determinant of how well basic functions are performed, as technology has prompted changes in organizational design that affect the quality and timeliness of intelligence and decision making, and the organizational goals as a whole. With quality of information, good decisions will be made and this will enhance the successful attainment of organizational goals and objectives. Information system has become a very powerful...
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...Overview of Computer Organization Chapter 1 S. Dandamudi Outline • Introduction ∗ Basic Terminology and Notation • Processor ∗ Execution cycle ∗ Pipelining ∗ RSIC and CISC Views of computer systems • User’s view • Programmer’s view ∗ Advantages of high-level languages ∗ Why program in assembly language? • Memory ∗ Basic memory operations ∗ Design issues • Architect’s view • Implementer’s view 2003 • • • • Input/Output Interconnection: The glue Historical Perspective Technological Advances Chapter 1: Page 2 © S. Dandamudi To be used with S. Dandamudi, “Fundamentals of Computer Organization and Design,” Springer-Verlag, 2003. Introduction • Some basic terms ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ 2003 Computer architecture Computer organization Computer design Computer programming User’s view Programmer’s view Architect’s view Implementer’s view © S. Dandamudi Chapter 1: Page 3 • Various views of computer systems To be used with S. Dandamudi, “Fundamentals of Computer Organization and Design,” Springer-Verlag, 2003. Introduction (cont’d) Term K (kilo) M (mega) G (giga) T (tera) P (peta) 2003 Decimal 103 106 109 1012 1015 © S. Dandamudi Binary 210 220 230 240 250 Chapter 1: Page 4 To be used with S. Dandamudi, “Fundamentals of Computer Organization and Design,” Springer-Verlag, 2003. A User’s View of Computer Systems 2003 © S. Dandamudi Chapter 1: Page 5 To be used with S. Dandamudi, “Fundamentals of Computer Organization and Design...
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...Computer Organization and Architecture CHAPTER 01: Basic Concepts of Architecture and Assembly Language CONTENTS: CHAPTER 1.1: Basic Concepts of Computer Architecture Computer Organization and Architecture CHAPTER 1.2: Basic Hardware Components of a Computer System John Vee MI P. Martinez, CSIT Instructor College of Information and Computing Sciences KING’S COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES CHAPTER 1.3: Assembly Language CHAPTER 1.4: Programmer's View of a Computer System Computer Organization and Architecture CHAPTER 1.1: Basic Concepts of Computer Architecture Instructor: John Vee MI P. Martinez CHAPTER 1.1: Basic Concepts of Computer Architecture ASSIGNMENT #01: LEARNING OUTCOME #01: Next Learning Outcome: After engaging in each topic, students should have: 1) Differentiate Computer Organization and Computer Architecture? ¼ Yellow Paper, to be submitted next meeting. LO-01: Distinguished the difference between Computer Architecture and Computer Organization, and discussed the different types of architecture. 1) 2) Computer Organization and Architecture Instructor: John Vee MI P. Martinez Computer Architecture vs. Computer Organization Types of Architecture Computer Organization and Architecture Instructor: John Vee MI P. Martinez LO 1.1 – Computer Architecture vs. Computer Organization LO 1.1 – Computer Architecture vs. Computer Organization COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE: COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE: ...
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...Fusion of Computer Technology and Communication Technology Computer Technology programmable, multiuse machine that accepts data and processes it into usable information summaries, totals, or reports used to speed up problem solving and increase productivity. What is Information Technology Communication Technology consists of electromagnetic/optical devices and systems for communicating over long distances InfoTech or IT is any technology that helps to produce, manipulate, store, communicate, and/or disseminate information merges computing with high-speed communication links, carrying data, sound, and video Some examples of IT Image Morphing changing (or morphing) one image into another through a seamless transition Image Morphing? Turbo Teen Some examples of IT Video Conferencing Information Systems Why Do People Need Information? Businesses - Decision making, problem solving and control Individuals - Entertainment and enlightenment Data, Information and Systems Data vs. Information Data A “given,” or fact; a number, a statement, or a picture Represents something in the real world The raw materials in the production of information Information Data that have meaning within a context Data in relationships Data after manipulation The Computer Defined A device that computes Electronic device Converts data into information Modern computers are digital ...
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... MSCC became the most powerful business advocacy organization within the area, with Jack Walingford as president. As they started using more and more computer technology, they recognized the need to use computer technology to harness the power of information they had. This case study outlines what MSCC went through when they acquired a new system to handle their operations. Case summary Computer operations at MSCC MSCC had some computer systems that were not integrated, not documented, with little supports and maintenance at the time, and the systems was not Y2K compatible. Leon Lassiter had a vision of an integrated computer system that could further help the organization in its core business (marketing, handling conferences and seminars, pushing the Legislature for new laws). They started with hiring a full‐time computer programmer (Simon Kovecki), and started looking at software packages for the organization. While Lassiter was not in charge of computer operations (Jeff Hedges was put in charge of computer operations), Lassiter pushed the organization to purchase a new system from a company called UNITRAK. It seemed like Lassiter was the “champion” behind the software, there was little or no support from the people who were in charge. Employees where concerned that they were not consulted, and Kovecki (who was frustrated because he didn't get the promotion to be head of computer operations) raised ...
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...Computer Organization 1. Introduction STUDY MATERIALS ON COMPUTER ORGANIZATION (As per the curriculum of Third semester B.Sc. Electronics of Mahatma Gandh Uniiversity) Compiled by Sam Kollannore U.. Lecturer in Electronics M.E.S. College, Marampally 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 GENERATION OF COMPUTERS The first electronic computer was designed and built at the University of Pennsylvania based on vacuum tube technology. Vacuum tubes were used to perform logic operations and to store data. Generations of computers has been divided into five according to the development of technologies used to fabricate the processors, memories and I/O units. I Generation II Generation III Generation IV Generation V Generation : 1945 – 55 : 1955 – 65 : 1965 – 75 : 1975 – 89 : 1989 to present First Generation (ENIAC - Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator EDSAC – Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator EDVAC – Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer UNIVAC – Universal Automatic Computer IBM 701) Vacuum tubes were used – basic arithmetic operations took few milliseconds Bulky Consume more power with limited performance High cost Uses assembly language – to prepare programs. These were translated into machine level language for execution. Mercury delay line memories and Electrostatic memories were used Fixed point arithmetic was used 100 to 1000 fold increase in speed relative to the earlier mechanical and relay based electromechanical technology Punched cards and paper tape were...
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...Information System plays a very important role in an organization. There is hardly a business magazine that dos not contain article about information system. MIS can be defined as – “A system which collects, processes, stores and distributes information to help in decision making for managerial functions.” (Planning, staffing, directing, controlling, organizing and budgeting) It may also be defined as Integrated user/ Machine system for providing information to support the decision making process. MIS is a computer based system, which presents both external and internal information of business. This system utilizes computer hardware and software, manual procedure for analysis, planning, control and decision making. These system do not take decisions but they assist in providing a necessary information as an input to the decision making process. MIS should provide information which is consistent, accurate, timely, economically flexible and relevant. MIS can be computerized or manual. MIS provides information in report format on regular basis to assist managers with decision which occur frequently and can be anticipated. MANAGEMENT Management has been defined in a variety of ways, but for our purpose it compromises the processes or activities that describes what managers do in the operation of their organization; plan, organize, initiative and control operations. INFORMATION Data must be distinguished from information. Data are facts and figures that are not currently being...
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...Introduction to Computer Hardware In general, there is very little that you as a future manager need to know about computer hardware, other than some basic vocabulary. The key ideas we want to you understand about hardware are: * Computers are basically simple electronic devices. While what they do may seem magical, very little of the magic comes from the computer itself. In fact computers are limited in what they can do. * More of the magic comes from the software – the set of instructions that tell the computer how to process and display data (and we’ll talk more about that in the following classes). * Most of the magic comes from the way people use the information produced by the computer, and (most importantly) the way they recognize, manage, and overcome the limits of computer-based information. To understand and manage these limitations, you need to have a basic understanding of hardware and software. We can use the systems model (input-process-output) to categorize hardware. There are input devices (e.g., a keyboard) and output devices (e.g. a monitor). We also need to store intermediate and final results of computations, so we need data storage devices (e.g., hard drives). The process is represented by the “processing unit” of the computer (also called a Central Processing Unit or CPU). While it gets a little technical, it is worth understanding how a CPU works, because you need to understand that before you can understand how software works...
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...1. ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS IN A COMPUTER ENVIRONMENT ACC 109 Information and its complexity For any business to survive, it needs an objective that it strives to achieve. The manager of a business must plan, organize, direct and control the activities of an organization so that the set objective is met. In order to perform these functions they need to be making decisions continuously. To make decisions managers need information to help them to make informed choices. Basically a computer is a device that has the ability to accept data, internally store and execute a program of instructions, perform mathematical, logical and manipulative operations on the data and internally store the data or the result from the earlier described processes and reports on the results. Data and Information Data is raw facts or unprocessed information, computers and manipulate data according to the instructions contained in the software to produce information. Activities that are captures into an information system are known as data. -Data that has been processed is available as information and must be used by someone -Information is created through a process of recording, capturing and processing data and activities, then communicating it to the users to increase their knowledge to enable them to make decision. -Processing data involves doing calculations on the activities and summarizing the activities, classifying the activities according to certain attributes, sorting the activities etc. Information...
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