...1. What are the main differences between a file-processing system and a database management system? Ans: A database management system coordinates both the physical and the logical access to the data, whereas a file-processing system coordinates only the physical access. 2. What are the major advantages of a database system? What are the major Disadvantages of a database system? Ans:- Advantages a) Controlling Data redundancy b) Data Consistency c) Data Sharing d)Data security Disadvantages:- a) Cost of hardware and software b) Cost of data sharing c) Database Failures d) Complexity 3. Identify some informal queries and update operations that you would expect to apply to the database shown in Figure 1.2.? Ans: The database has shown the student information for smith and brown. It also represents the course details. Then it shows the intake of the subject and instructor. In grade report section its display the grade result of smith and brown. Also it illustrates the prerequisite for the major subject. From this Database we can get the information of student, course details, course instructor, prerequisite for the major subject and grade report of the student. 4. Discuss the capabilities that should be provided by a DBMS? Ans:- i) Restricting Unauthorised access ii) Providing multiple user interface iii) Controlling redundancy iv) Providing backup and recovery v) Providing persistence storage for programs object and vi)...
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...answers the question. 1) A good definition for a database is: 1) _______ A) A text file with values delimited by commas B) A collection of related data C) A card catalogue D) A piece of software for managing databases 2) Redundancy refers to what database condition? 2) _______ A) All data is stored in tables B) You have more than one database devoted to the same thing C) The same data is recorded in more than one place in the same database D) A primary key is repeated in another table as a foreign key 3) Which best defines the function of a primary key? 3) _______ A) It uniquely identifies each record B) It is always a number C) It unlocks the data in a table D) It is the first field in a table 4) What best describes the function of a foreign key? 4) _______ A) A foreign key is at the primary key of one table repeated in another table in order to create a relationship between the tables B) A foreign key is a field telling what language the data is in C) A foreign key is a key that doesn't belong in the table D) A foreign key is redundant data 5) A database entity can best be described as: 5) _______ A) The person responsible for the database B) Something that describes a person or process C) Something the database is concerned with, for...
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...CHAPTER 1 1 The word ________ indicates that the facts have not yet been processed to reveal their meaning. a. data b. dictionary c. raw d. information correct: c 2 Processed data, or ________, can be used as the foundation for decision making. a. information b. DP c. raw data d. queries correct: a 3 Raw data must be properly ________ for storage, processing, and presentation. a. sorted b. grouped c. formatted d. arranged correct: c 4 What is a key characteristic of knowledge? a. "new" Knowledge can be derived from "old" knowledge. b. It is assembled from raw data. c. It cannot be duplicated. d. It exists in a vacuum. correct: a 5 Accurate, relevant, and timely ________ is the key to good decision making. a. relationships b. data c. processing d. information correct: d 6 What is the name for data about data? a. unique data b. superdata c. metadata d. raw data correct: c 7 Data management is a discipline that focuses on ________. a. the proper generation, storage, and retrieval of data b. the help items to be used by end users c. the management of end users d. the proper generation, storage, and retrieval of information correct: a 8 What is a benefit of using a DBMS? a. It provides seamless Internet access to database data. b. It creates automatic backups. c. It helps create an environment for end users to have access to more data. d. It provides full security to data using private/public key encryption. correct: c 9 The ________ manages interaction between the end...
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...1 Database testing The following represents a series of test plans that were developed and then carried out during the first iteration of the websites’ development phase. The purposes of this testing are to test the designed database suitability to the system’s functional requirements analysed in section () and to identify any defects and errors made during the analysis and design phases. The testing considered the following points: • The testing only covered structured database testing and functional testing. Database security was not taken into consideration as security is applied to the developed web applications. • A web browser, SQL Server 2014 Management Studio and a dynamic data website that was created in Visual Studio 2015 were used for the testing. • The website used to conduct the testing was ran locally without the need of an Internet connection. • Testing was performed on a copy database to prevent any risks from occurring, such as damaging the database. • Test data was inserted to the database prior to the testing. Steps in the test scripts that passed the testing have been carried out in the final database without modification or alteration as they meet the requirements and were considered functional. Steps failed to function or did not meet the system requirements were modified...
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...DCS5078 DATABASE SYSTEMS TUTORIAL 1 CHAPTER 1 1. Discuss each of the following terms: a. Data b. Field c. Record d. File 2. What is data redundancy, and which characteristics of the file system can lead to it? 3. What is a DBMS, and what are its functions? 4. What is a business rule, and what is its purpose in data modeling? Given the file structure shown in Figure T1.1, answer Problems 5 - 8. FIGURE T1.1 The File Structure for Problems 5-8 5. How many records does the file contain, and how many fields are there per record? 6. What problem would you encounter if you wanted to produce a listing by city? How would you solve this problem by altering the file structure? 7. If you wanted to produce a listing of the file contents by last name, area code, city, state, or zip code, how would you alter the file structure? 8. What data redundancies do you detect, and how could these redundancies lead to anomalies? FIGURE T1.5 The File Structure for Problems 9-11 9. Identify and discuss the serious data redundancy problems exhibited by the file structure shown in Figure T1.5. CDP OCT 2014/2015 1 DCS5078 DATABASE SYSTEMS TUTORIAL 1 10. Identify the different data sources in the file you examined in Problem 9. 11. Given your answer to Problem 10, what new files should you create to help eliminate the data redundancies found in the file shown in Figure T1.5? Use the contents of Figure T1.11 to work problems 12. FIGURE T1.11 Linking Relational...
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...Principles of Database Management Systems Homework 1 Ying Li 4861521 Homework 1 Exercise 1.4 Explain the difference between external, internal, and conceptual schemas. How are these different schema layers related to the concepts of logical and physical data independence? Answer: External schemas, which usually are also in terms of the data model of the DBMS, allow data access to be customized (and authorized) at the level of individual users or groups of users. Internal (physical) schemas summarize how the relations described in the conceptual schema are actually stored on secondary storage devices such as disks and tapes. Conceptual (logical) schema describes the stored data in terms of the data model of the DBMS. In a relational DBMS, the conceptual schema describes all relations that are stored in the database. Any given database has exactly one conceptual schema and one internal schema because it has just one set of stored relations, but it may have several external schemas, each tailored to a particular group of users. External schemas provide logical data independence, while conceptual schemas offer physical data independence. Exercise 1.6 Scrooge McNugget wants to store information (names, addresses, descriptions of embarrassing moments, etc.) about the many ducks on his payroll. Not surprisingly, the volume of data compels him to buy a database system. To save money, he wants to buy one with the fewest possible features, and he plans...
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...Databases Chapter 1 – Intro Lab 1.2 1. Nouns: doctors, patients, drugs, side effects. 2. Major Topics: doctor Records, patient medical records, side effects / symptoms, and screening records. Lab 1.3 1. Major Topics: faculty, software, and computers. 2. Draft statement of work that includes scope, objectives, and preliminary timeline: a. Scope – A database with the ability to track faculty and staff computers and software. b. Objectives – Faculty software, version, license agreement, record of computers with software, location of computer, user access to computer, software install / uninstall timestamps, status of the computer. i. Additional: ability to track software requests and software availability. c. Timeline ii. Gathering data – gather records of the school computers and its staff, a list of software purchased and in use, interview and questionnaire information understand the faculty needs. Time: 1.5 weeks. iii. Analyzing data – Understanding the data to create data model. Know the needs of the faculty members and type of software / computers in use to determine business rules. Time: 2 weeks. iv. Normalization – Data modeling; entities and relationships normalized. Time: 2 weeks. v. Building the physical database – Create RDBMS database. Time: 4 days. vi. Testing and security – Testing using sample data. Create user permission for different levels of faculty, block out...
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...1. a. Data – Raw facts b. Field – An alphabetic or numeric character or group of characters that defines a characteristic of a person, place, or thing. c. Record – A collection of related fields. d. File – A named collection of related records 2. Data redundancy occurs when the same data are stored in multiple places unnecessarily. Have more than one incorrect copies of information can cause it. 3. Data independence exists when you can change the data storage characteristics without impeding the program's ability to access the data. It is lacking because of how it has to tell the computer what to do, and how to do it. Causing the program to have much more lines of code than should be needed. 4. It is a software tool that makes it possible to organize data in a database. Its functions are data dictionary management, data storage management, data transformation and presentation. 5. Structural independence exists when you can change the file structure without affecting the application's ability to access the data. If it did not exist, any change to a files structure would require several extra steps for every single record in the file. 6. Data is raw facts that have not been processed. Information is data that has been processed and given context. Databases help to organize the manipulation of data to create information by providing an organizational structure that makes relationships and connections between data explicit. 7. The DBMS serves as the intermediary...
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...Lab 1 1. A collection of information accessible from a computer or server 2. DBMS is a Database Management System that organizes information internally. 3. Dbms stores information, spreadsheet runs formulas 4. Product | Use | Where it was used | Cost | DB2 | Open database environment | A small single-user application to a large multi-user system. | $598 + $99 additional user | Microsoft Access | Relational databases that have tables of data. | Software developers and data architects | $199 (Amazon) | Microsoft SQL Server | primary function is to store and retrieve data as requested by other software applications | workloads ranging from small single-machine applications to large Internet-facing applications with many concurrent users | Vary (Different Prices for different purposes) | Filemaker Pro | database engine with a GUI-based interface | ??? | $329.00 | Oracle | transfer any customer info from one location to any other in the world | larger organizations and small chain stores | ??? (Couldn’t find anything) | Mysql | database for use in web applications | Personal and commercial use | $2k-$10k/year | 5. “DBMS stands for database management system whereas RDBMS stands for relational database management system; these softwares are created to maintain and utilize large scale collection of data in an efficient manner.” http://www.differencebetween.info/difference-between-dbms-and-rdbms 6. 290 7. Peng J Wu 8. Footlocker: Employee...
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...CS251-1301B-03 Fundamentals of Database Systems Phase 1 -5 Individual Project Robert March 24th, 2013 Table of Contents Project Outline 3 Description of the Database Design Life Cycle 4 The Entity Relationship Diagram 7 The Logical Model and Normalization 9 The Microsoft Access Database 11 The Microsoft Access Database Application 14 References: 18 Project Outline My idea for a project concept is for a granite fabrication and installation company called MasterStoneWorks. We will perform counter sales, contractor and walk-in customer kitchen and bath design, templates, fabrication, installation, and follow-up. To run efficiently (or at all) we must have a centralized DBMS with access for all employees in order to keep track of the progress of the workload and get the products delivered and installed on time. Issues with the process must be immediately known and corrected as this is a high value product with a small profit margin at this point in our economy. Any miscommunication can be disastrous. The MasterStoneWorks database will have the following tables: * Customers * Sales * Installs * Product choices * Costs (wholesale and retail) * Sales people * Project Managers * Templates * Follow-up * Customer support Description of the Database Design Life Cycle The seven steps of the SDLC/DBDSL: 1. Concept Planning – This first step is where the need to develop, or improve a system is ascertained...
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...CHAPTER 1 ASSIGNMENT 1. Part A a. Automatic information processing was introduced by James Power whose company later became known as IBM b. The emergence of reusable data opened up the horizons for database management systems. c. Data provides a competitive advantage for businesses of all shapes and sizes. Part B a. Backup and recovery technology allows database managers to sleep in peace knowing their data is safe. b. Data Security protects consumers from data theft. c. Data privacy is very important. Hospital employees, for example, are only allowed access to certain parts of the EMR system which holds patient data. 2. 1986 – When my world began… IBM becomes the first company to use a one megabit chip in the IBM 3090 1991 – The first web site was built at CERN labs and put online August 6th 1992 – Microsoft Access was released 1995 – MySQL’s initial release 1998 – Google began 2004 – Emergence of Web 2.0 2007 – Amazon releases the Kindle fostering a huge database of electronic books 2013 – MySQL is the second most widely used database management system 2015 – I take Database Management class with Mr. Ted Lee! 3. Here at the Show Me The Money Bank of Tennessee, our database systems allows us to send birthday greetings, send Congratulations to new graduates and newlyweds, reward long time clients, and off the most competitive interest rates on cars, houses, boats, etc. 4. Early data management was very time consuming. The examples of the seven years it took...
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...Chapter 1 Database Systems Why Databases? * At the heart of all of these systems are the collection, storage, aggregation, manipulation, dissemination, and management of data * Databases are specialized structures that allow computer-based systems to store, manage, and to retrieve data very quickly Data vs. Information * Data – raw facts * Raw indicates that the facts have not yet been processed to reveal their meaning * You transform the raw data into a data summary * Information – the result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning * Data processing can be as simple as organizing data to reveal patters or as complex as making forecasts or drawing inferences using statistical modeling * To reveal meaning, information requires context * Raw data must be properly formatted for storage, processing, and processing * Ex: dates must be stored in Julian calendar formats and yes/no responses must be converted to Y/N or 0/1 * Data are the foundation of information which is bed rocked of knowledge * Knowledge – body of information and facts about a specific subject * Knowledge implies familiarity, awareness, and understanding of information as it applies to the environment * A key characteristic of knowledge is that “new: knowledge can be derived from “old” knowledge * Key Points: * Data constitute the building blocks of information * Information is produced by processing...
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...Chapter 1 – Review Questions 1.1 What is the purpose of a database? - The purpose of a database is to help people keep track of things. 1.2 What is the most commonly used type of database? - The relational database is the most commonly used type of database. 1.7 Define the terms data and information. Explain how the two terms differ. - Data are facts and figures. Information is defined as knowledge derived from data, or as data presented in a meaningful context. Data is simply recorded in the database, but the data must be manipulated in some way to produce information. 1.12 What is the purpose of the largest databases used by e-commerce companies such as Amazon.com? - The largest databases used by e-commerce companies are Web-activity databases used to track customer behavior. 1.13 How do the e-commerce companies use these databases? - The e-commerce companies’ Web-activity databases are used to determine which Web page items are popular and successful, and to test if certain variations in Web page design will generate more orders. 1.14 How do digital dashboard and data mining applications differ from transaction processing applications? - Digital dashboard and data mining applications do not generate new data, but instead are used to summarize existing data to provide information to management. 1.15 Explain why a small database is not necessarily simpler than a large one. - While small databases vary from large databases in terms of the amount of data they...
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...1. List the components included in a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) in general. Client and server, tools for backup and restore, tools for creation and maintenance of the DB, tools for securing access, administrative and reporting tools and often tools for data analysis. 2. What is the language used to interact with most modern relational database? SQL 3. List the three (3) properties of a primary key. Unique Not Null Can not be changed 4. Why is it required that every table in a modern relational database has a primary key defined? The primary key in a given table is the only unique identifier for a row or record 5. Explain what “data integrity” means in the context of a modern relational database. Data integrity means the data is consistent and factual, the data can be “trusted” 6. Explain why data redundancy is generally a “bad” thing in a modern relational database. Storing the same exact information in multiple places leads to problems on update and delete and drastically increases the chance of data becoming inconsistent. 7. What is a “foreign key” in the context of a modern relational database. What is the role of a foreign key? A foreign key is a primary key that has been imported from another table. The foreign key reinforces the “relationship” between two tables. 8. What is the relationship between a foreign key and a primary key? A foreign key is a primary key that has been imported from another table. 9. What is one...
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...1. A recent trend for major commercial database developers is to offer free “Express” versions of their databases. Microsoft has SQL Express, Oracle has Oracle Express, and DB2 has DB2 Express. Go to the company websites, and look up these Express editions. What features does each one have? What limits do they have? How do they compare to each other? The features are: SQL Server Express supports most of the features and functionality of SQL Server. The following table lists some of the major features and components that are supported. Stored Procedures SQL Server Configuration Manager Views Replication (as a subscriber only) Triggers Advanced Query Optimizer Cursors SMO/RMO sqlcmd and osql utilities Integration with Visual Studio 2005 Snapshot Isolation Levels Service Broker (as a client only)¹ Native XML support, including XQuery and XML Schemas SQL CLR Transact-SQL language support Multiple Active Result Sets (MARS) Dedicated Administrator Connection² Import/Export Wizard The limits are: The following table lists the additional SQL Server database features that are not supported in this version of SQL Server Express. It also lists database features from previous versions of SQL Server that are not supported. SQL Server features not supported in SQL Server Express SQL Server features from previous versions not supported in SQL Server Express Database mirroring SQL Mail Online restore Fail-over clustering Database snapshot Distributed partitioned views ...
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