...Database Concepts David Emersion DBM380 6/29/2015 Wade Fergus Database Concepts In an age when information is power, each business in the market place must make use of every tool at its disposal. Efficiency is the hallmark of any successful business. For a business to be efficient it must be the master of managing its own information. Time is money, and using an ineffective information management system is simply money down the drain. Quick access to accurate information is crucial to an organization’s success. Fortunately, businesses have a powerful weapon at their disposal – databases. Database Systems Every organization from small non-profit teams up to huge corporations supporting millions of customers must keep records of different types of data. These data can vary from inventory prices, to payroll, to medical records, and everything in between. The common challenges that these organizations face is keeping the data accurate, relatively easy to use, and secure. The solution to this problem is to use a database that fits the needs of the organization. A database is a system that houses data and metadata. Metadata is the information about the data and includes “information such as the name of each data element, the type of values (numeric, dates, or text) stored on each data element, and whether the data element can be left empty” (Coronel, Morris, & Rob, 2013, p. 7). A database system collectively...
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...Database Systems DBM/380 July 13, 2015 James Cervi Database Systems When it is necessary to store and manage data, a database is used. A database is a collection of data organized in such a way that it can be easily stored, managed, and manipulated. “You can think of a database as an electronic filing system” (QuinStreet Inc, 2015). It is safe to assume that a large percentage of organizations use databases for managing the wide array of data within their company. Databases can keep track of data such as: employee records, consumer demographic and contact information, and company files. A database management system (DBMS) is the software that controls the movement of data in and out of the database, as well as within the database. While a database management system refers to the software used to control the data, the database refers to the body of data being stored. Types of databases can be classified in numerous ways. They can be classified by the user, such as: desktop database meant for a single user, or a work-group database meant for multi-users. There is also an enterprise database which is used by an entire organization. Databases can be categorized by location. A centralized database manages data at a single site, whereas a distributed database manages data in multiple locations. Another way of categorizing databases is by the type of data that is being stored. “General-purpose databases contain a wide variety of data used in multiple disciplines” (Coronel,...
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...DATABASE MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS 1. The DBA asks for your help in planning the data archive for the following Premiere Products database: Rep (RepNum, LastName, FirstName, Street, City, State, Zip, Commission, Rate) Customer (CustomerNum, CustomerName, Street, City, State, Zip, Balance, CreditLimit, RepNum) Orders (OrderNum, OrderDate, CustomerNum) OrderLine (OrderNum, PartNum, NumOrdered, QuotedPrice) Part (PartNum, Description, OnHand, Class, Warehouse, Price) Determine which data from the database to archive; that is, for each table, specify whether data needs to be archived. If it does, specify which data, when it should be archived, and whether it should be archived with data from another table. 2. The DBA denormalized some of the data in the Premiere Products database to improve performance, and one of the resulting tables is the following: Customer (CustomerNum, CustomerName, Street, City, State, Zip, Balance, CreditLimit, RepNum, RepName) Which field or fields cause the table to no longer be in third normal form? In which normal form is the denormalized table? 3. Does your school have a formal disaster recovery plan? If it does, describe the general steps in the plan. If it does not, describe the informal steps that would be taken if a disaster occurred. For the following exercises, you will answer problems and questions from management at Premiere Products. You do not use the Premiere Products database for any of these exercises. ...
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...DBM 380 FULL COURSE http://www.learnyourcourse.com/dbm-380/98-dbm-380-full-course.html DBM 380 WEEK 1 DBM 380 Week 1 DQ # 1- Based on the Manegold (2009) article, describe one method of optimizing data retrieval from a high-use database. (There are many such methods mentioned in the article - pick one you like and do a deep dive.) DBM 380 Week 1 DQ # 2- In the course text, there is some discussion of the capabilities of databases, and recognition of these as an evolution beyond file-based storage approaches. Spreadsheets are one example of a file-based approach. What kinds of things can database management systems do that spreadsheets can't? Also, why is it that in spite of the many apparent data management advantages of databases, spreadsheets are frequently used for data storage in all kinds of organizations? DBM 380 WEEK 2 DBM 380 Week 2 Individual Assignment - Database Design Paper DBM 380 Week 2 DQ # 1- Using the Geiger (2009) article as a guide, how must a database administrator balance the time to complete data modeling step with the benefits this step offers in creating a database? DBM 380 Week 2 DQ # 2- What are the issues identified in the Cox (2009) article that a database administrator should know when working with a many-to-many relationship? Identify and discuss one of these issues. DBM 380 WEEK 3 DBM 380 Week 3 Individual Assignment - ERD Creation Project DBM 380 Week 3 DQ # 1- Why do you think the use of icons in entity-relationship diagrams as described...
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... 1) A good definition for a database is: 1) _______ A) A text file with values delimited by commas B) A collection of related data C) A card catalogue D) A piece of software for managing databases 2) Redundancy refers to what database condition? 2) _______ A) All data is stored in tables B) You have more than one database devoted to the same thing C) The same data is recorded in more than one place in the same database D) A primary key is repeated in another table as a foreign key 3) Which best defines the function of a primary key? 3) _______ A) It uniquely identifies each record B) It is always a number C) It unlocks the data in a table D) It is the first field in a table 4) What best describes the function of a foreign key? 4) _______ A) A foreign key is at the primary key of one table repeated in another table in order to create a relationship between the tables B) A foreign key is a field telling what language the data is in C) A foreign key is a key that doesn't belong in the table D) A foreign key is redundant data 5) A database entity can best be described as: 5) _______ A) The person responsible for the database B) Something that describes a person or process C) Something the database is concerned with, for which data can...
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...name can be uniquely determined from their SSN. However, the reverse statement (name -> SSN) is not true because more than one employee can have the same name but different SSNs.” Transitive dependency occurs when there is an indirect relationship that causes a functional dependency. While looking this up on the internet, it is hard to find a good example but in time I did. The example comes from http://databases.about.com/od/specificproducts/g/transitive-dependency.htm and from the website the example is and I quote “”A -> C” is a transitive dependency when it is true only because both “A -> B” and “B -> C” are true.” Demoralization is a strategy that database managers use to increase performance in their database. This is used to reduce certain types of problems that might come along with database queries that combine data from different tables into a single...
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...organization endeavors to improve almost daily. Most important is the data cleaning and data transformation processes. In actual sense, relational database offers a solution to this menace. Data organization, keeping, storage, and retrieval among other essentials can easily be realized by adopting relational data management model. In this kind of model, tables are made use of in such a way that data items are formally described and organized according to their level of relations. The data item contained in a given table represents a relation. I am convinced beyond reasonable doubt that through the use of relational database model, an organization can be able to effectively manage their wide range of information encountered on a daily basis. Relational database model offers a more efficient means of managing data. Some of the huge benefits are discussed as follows. WHY RELATIONAL DATABASE MODEL? This model is very unique and provides very sufficient means of data management. Its benefits are manifested in diverse ways which among others are its ability to enable you to store, manage, and retrieve your data in a flexible manner while maintaining vital data veracity. This is just but a tip of the ice berg (R. Snow, 2008). Accessing and transforming data Nowadays, the relational database models available are so powerful that they allow you an access to a query that easily transforms and retrieve data. This is actually a big solution...
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...Database Normalization and Logical Process Concept paper This short paper will explain with a simple example the process and the need of normalization in the most of the business databases. Complete proposal break down (Timeline phases, Financial phases) will be submitted per management request. Overview At first any database should be designed with the end user in mind. Logical database design, also referred to as the logical model, is the process of arranging data into logical, organized groups of objects that can easily be maintained. The logical design of a database should reduce data repetition or go so far as to completely eliminate it. The needs of the end user should be one of the top considerations when designing a database. We should remember trough all design process that the end user is the person who ultimately uses the database. There should be ease of use through the user's front-end tool (a client program that allows a user access to a database), but this, along with optimal performance, cannot be achieved if the user's needs are not taken into consideration. Some user-related research and design considerations in any business database include the following: What data should be stored in the database? How will the user access the database? What privileges does the user require? How should the data be grouped in the database? What data is the most commonly accessed? How is all data related in the database? What measures should be taken to ensure accurate data...
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...Mary Easterling Database Concepts Paper (Ch. 30 Web Technologies and DBMS) The internet or web was created in 1989, the internet grew into the powerful information exchange service that it is today. It has expanded the world at a pace that has astounded many experts in this new field. This new technology brought forth many new ideas for better, faster, easier ways to communication between the different computer formats, so the experts had get together and create a universal language that would be accepted with all computer hardware systems. Most web pages today are written in HTML, XML, JAVA, JavaScript are just a few examples. Websites now and in the past use the uniform resource locations (URL’s) to communicate inside the different browsers with the information or resources on a specific server. Without these locations, the information cannot be found or accessed, for example, to access Google.com, the browser needs to break down the information into an address to continue, and if the address is incorrect or cannot be located it will return a page not found error. Hypertext markup language (HTML) is the most common language that spans across the different platforms. This language is pretty easy to learn using the free basic instructions available on the internet, and now most high schools teach HTML to their students so they can create their own webpage. Most personal webpages today are a great example of what is called a static web page. “An HTML document that is...
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...CASE STUDY: VIGNETTE REVISITED Q1: Develop the first few steps of the project plan. Step 1: Project Goals The project is considered successful when the needs of the stakeholders have been fulfilled. Stakeholders are individuals who directly or indirectly be involved or affected by the project. Step 2: Project Planning Using information obtained from the first step, list the things that need to be done to ensure the project goals. Step 3: Project Schedule Task list should be made to ensure that the planning of this project can be made as planned. of which is the timeliness or schedule plan. Step 4: Supporting Plans The final steps to consider are a plan that has been made in the planning process. Related matters are human resource planning, communications planning and risk management. Q2: Discuss the potential political necessities outlined in this section as they related to this type of implementation. Q3: Think about and create a list of step that make sense for your organization. List step that should be taken when we want to plan for organization are:- 1. Review and revise project objectives by examining reports and project documents. At the start of any project, there will be a variety of ideas and opinions about the purpose and scope of the project, what the final product of the project will be, and how the project will be carried out. The Project Initiation Stage is concerned with taking these ideas and intentions and developing them into a formal...
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...1. What are the advantages of a declarative language as opposed to a procedural language? ANSWER: The advantage of declarative programming languages is mainly two-fold. The programs are concise; this makes it easy even for non-programmers to obtain solutions. In the SQL example above, an analyst or business support person can get the desired information. Similarly, laypersons can write acceptable web pages with simple HTML and CSS commands. The second advantage of the declarative programming model is that repetitive imperative code that indicates how to solve things is provided in the computer system behind the scenes. Such code can be made highly efficient and can incorporate the best ideas from computing. It can take advantage of parallelism 2. What advantages might a procedural language have over a declarative language? ANSWER: Procedural programming is used for developing simple applications. The languages that use the procedural programming methodology include Pascal and C languages. Some of the benefits of the procedural programming methodology are: (1) Easy to read program code. (2) Easy maintainable program code as various procedures can be debugged in isolation. (3) Code is more flexible as you can change a specific procedure that gets implemented across the program. 3. Why do you think cross joins are allowed as a legitimate join? What uses can you see for joins? ANSWER: I think that a cross-join would be optimized in the client library, so that less...
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...Exploring the Latest ANSI and ISO Standard ANSI (American National Standards Institute) was founded in 1918, it is a voluntary organization composed of over 1,300 members (including all the large computer companies) that creates standards for the computer industry. For example, ANSI C is a version of the C language that has been approved by the ANSI committee. To a large degree, all ANSI C compilers, regardless of which company produces them, should behave similarly. In addition to programming languages, ANSI sets standards for a wide range of technical areas, from electrical specifications to communications protocols. The ISO was founded in 1946 and is currently headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. Its mission at its inception was to create international standards regarding the threads of screws used for manufacturing world-wide. As needs for other standards arose, the ISO (then called the International Standards Organization, hence, ISO) stepped in to handle the task, and their influence crept into all areas of manufacturing and services. The primary focus for the ISO hasn't really been in the electrical and electronics area. Many of the standards set up in those areas were created by an older standards-setting organization called the International Electrotechnical Commission, or IEC, also based in Geneva. However, the ISO has responded to the needs of computing standards by forming a joint committee with the IEC dealing with information technology. The ISO has published...
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...Assignment 2 Task 1 OrderItem Items Orders Reps Customers Has many Can be ordered Can place Can contain Can be stored ItemLocation WarehouseLocations Can store Domain Name | Meaning | Domain Definition | ID | Representative Number, Customer Number, Order Number, Item Number, Warehouse Number | Alphanumeric Size 10 | Name | Customer Reps Lastname, Firstname; Customers Lastname, Firstname | Character Size 20 | Address | House Nmuber \ Name, Warhouse Number \ Name, Street, City, County | Aphanumeric Size 20 | Post Code | Post Code | Alphanumeric Size 8 | Telephone Number | Cust Rep Telephone Number; Cust Telephone Number; Warehouse Telephone Number. | Numeric Size 15 | Date | Date of Order, Date Joined | Date | Goods | Number in Stock, Product Category, Item Description | Alphanumeric Size 20 | Order | Amount Paid, Unit Price, Quantity Ordered, Balance Outstanding, Commision Rate | Numeric Size (8,2) | Reps Rep_ID | ID | Required | Primary Key | LastName | Name | Required | | FirstName | Name | Required | | AddressID | Address | Required | | StreetName | Address | Required | | City | Address | | | County | Address | | | PostCode | Post Code | Required | | TelNo | Tel | Required | | CommisionRate | Numeric | Required | | Customers Cust_ID | ID | Required | Primary...
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...1) A… CREATE VIEW TopLevelCust AS SELECT CustomerNum, CustomerName, Street, City, State, Zip, Balance, CreditLimit FROM Customer WHERE CreditLimit >=10000 ; B… SELECT CustomerNum, CustomerName FROM TopLevelCust WHERE Balance>10000 AND CreditLimit>=10000 ; C… SELECT Customer.CustomerNum, Customer.CustomerName, Customer.Street, Customer.City, Customer.State, Customer.Zip, Customer.Balance, Customer.CreditLimit FROM Customer WHERE (((Customer.Balance)>10000) AND ((Customer.CreditLimit)>=10000)); 2) A… CREATE VIEW PartOrder AS SELECT PartNum, Description, Price, OrderNum, OrderDate, NumOrdered, QuotedPrice FROM Part ; B… CREATE VIEW TopLevelCust AS SELECT PartNum, Description, OrderNum, QuotedPrice FROM Part WHERE QuotedPrice>100 ; C… SELECT Part.PartNum, Part.Description, Part.Price, Orders.OrderNum, Orders.OrderDate, OrderLine.NumOrdered, OrderLine.QuotedPrice FROM Part INNER JOIN (Orders INNER JOIN OrderLine ON Orders.OrderNum = OrderLine.OrderNum) ON Part.PartNum = OrderLine.PartNum WHERE (((OrderLine.QuotedPrice)>100)); 3) CREATE VIEW OrdTot AS SELECT OrderNum, NumOrdered*QuotedPrice AS OrderTotal INTO OrdTot FROM OrderLine; 4) A… CREATE INDEX PartIndex1 ON OrderLine(PartNum); B… CREATE INDEX PartIndex2 ON Part(Warehouse); C… CREATE INDEX PartIndex3 ON Part(Warehouse, Class); D… CREATE INDEX PartIndex4 ON Part(Warehouse, OnHand DESC); 5) DROP INDEX PartIndex3; 6) CHECK (Class IN (SG, HW, AP)) FOREIGN KEY...
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...List the major topics for this database. The major topics of the database are: Lease Form (tracks leases of one apartment complex); Rent Payment Form (tracks rent payment of one apartment complex); Maintenance Request Form (tracks requests for maintenance and apartment manager’s resolution); Sample Quarterly Report (shows revenues and expenses of a particular building, address). STATEMENT OF WORK Project Name: Wild Wood Apartments June 21, 2014 • History: The Wild Wood Apartments are made up of 20 different complexes in Washington, Oregon, California and Idaho with each complex containing from 10 to 60 separate apartments. Leases are from 6 months to a year and the company’s practice is to hire one of the tenants to run the complex, collecting rent, conducting repairs, etc. The company requires a quarterly report to track the lease occupancy, rent payment, maintenance, and revenue and expenses; all of which is done in paper form. The forms are considered time consuming by the property managers, and the corporate office has concerns over their accuracy. A centralized database is being considered to simplify and better manage this data. • Scope: The contractor will include hardware, website, software and data storage support for the headquarters and all property offices that belong to Wild Wood Apartments. The main storage for the data will be offsite and the contractor is responsible for maintaining it. • Constraints: The contractor and the headquarters office of Wild...
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