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Database Design Final Review

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Database Final Exam review 1. What is data? Data are values of qualitative or quantitative variables, belonging to a set of items 2. What is information? Data becomes information after it has been processed to add context, relevance and purpose. 3. Role of data and information – Data and information allow users to make better decisions based on good information and data 4. Field – a column in a table which is a property of an entity (attribute) 5. Record – A row or tuple in a table 6. Tuple – A record or row in a table 7. ACID - ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability.
Atomicity means if one part of the transaction fails, all of the transaction fails, leaving the database unchanged.
Consistency means the data written must be valid according to all the rules and the rules are applied from state to state.
Isolation means that the data used during the execution of a transaction cannot be used by a second transaction until the first one is completed. It is executed as if it were being executed serially.
Durability ensures that once transaction changes are done, they are permanent and cannot be undone or lost, even in the event of a system failure.

8. What is data redundancy and which characteristics of the file system can lead to it? Data redundancy exists when unnecessarily duplicated data are found in the database. It is the result of poorly designed databases which allow the data to be stored in different locations. 9. What is a DBMS and what are its functions? A database management system (DBMS) is a software package with computer programs that controls the creation, maintenance, and use of a database. It allows organizations to conveniently develop databases for various applications. 10. What is a business rule and what is its purpose in data modeling? A business rule is a brief, precise, and

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