...GROUP : STAKEHOLDER MEMBER : Dini Siti Ayu Ariani 19010025 Dora Lisnandani M. Firdaus Ivadaputra 19010112 Risky Adha Kayom Nursalim Hanny Aqmarina Hartini Soraya 1. Identify and explain the Opportunities and Threats of the assigned external forces. Opportunities * Cooperation with a number of other national companies. The company, PT Len Industri for the development and production of inverters, battery management system, charging system and DC-DC converter electric cars. Threat 2. Discuss how a development in a corporation's societal environment can affect the corporation through its task environment. 3. According to Porter, what factors determine the level of competitive intensity in an industry? Costs Among his factors that affect competitive intensity, Porter mentions a few cost-related factors. These include high fixed costs, high storage costs and low switching costs. When companies invest significantly in fixed costs, they generally compete mightily to sell enough products to cover those costs. High costs of storage prompt companies to compete to make sales quickly. When customers have free mobility to change providers it forces more intense competitive rivalry. Many Firms, Flat Market One of the more obvious reasons for high competitive intensity within an industry is more companies competing. And, the more limited the market available, the more intensely those companies have to compete. Porter noted that especially...
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...control, Power MOSFET’s, switching characteristics, Gate drive, IGBT’s, Isolation of UNIT - 3 INTRODUCTION TO THYRISTORS: Principle of operation states anode-cathode characteristics, two transistor model. Turn-on Methods, Dynamic Turn-on and turn-off characteristics, Gate characteristics, Gate trigger circuits, di / dt and dv / dt protection, Thyristor firing circuits. 7 Hours CI TS UNIT - 4 CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS: Introduction, Principles of phase controlled converter operation, 1φ fully controlled converters, Duel converters, 1 φ semi converters (all converters 5 Hours with R & RL load). CITSTUDENTS.IN TU DE gate and base drives. NT S. IN UNIT - 1 6 Hours Page 1 Power Electronics 06EC73 PART –B UNIT - 5 COMMUTATION: Thyristor turn off methods, natural and forced commutation, self commutation, class A and class B types, Complementary commutation, auxiliary commutation, external pulse commutation, AC line commutation, numerical problems. 7 Hours UNIT - 6 AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLERS: Introduction, Principles of on and off control, Principles of phase control, Single phase controllers with restive loads and Inductive loads, numerical problems. 7 Hours UNIT - 7 chopper with RL loads, Chopper classification, Analysis of impulse commutated Thyristor chopper (only qualitative analysis). 8 Hours UNIT - 8 INVERTORS: Introduction, Principles of operation,...
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...Energies GEL632 Parts II Tilda AKIKI 1 Part I - Introduction to Renewable Energy Resources Hydrogen Solar and Photovoltaic Geothermal Biomass Ethanol Wind Water / Tides Part II - Modeling converters in microgrid power systems DC/AC inverters DC/DC converters AC/DC rectifiers Part III - Microgrid solar energy systems Photovoltaic power conversion Modeling of a Photovoltaic Module Part IV - Microgrid wind energy systems Wind power - Modeling of induction machines Load Flow Analysis of power grids and microgrids Part V – Solar water heating systems Part VI – Fuel Cells: Components and operation Part VII - Renewable Energy Impacts Methodology of Energy Planning / Life-cycle Analysis / Greenhouse Warming / Ecological Sustainability 2 Part II – Modeling converters in microgrid power systems Single-phase DC/AC inverter with 2 switches (single-phase half-bridge inverter) P: 94 Objective: Convert power from DC to AC at the system frequency of operation. • The PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) technique is used to achieve an AC voltage with a fundamental frequency of 60 or 50Hz. • The two power switches are sequentially turned on an off. • If SW1+ is on, potential in a is the same as potential of the positive DC bus, that is: Van = Vidc. • If SW1- is on, potential in a is the same as that of the negative DC bus, that is: Van = 0. • To generate a time-varying voltage at point a, a sine wave with the desired frequency is compared with a triagular wave to determine the switching policy. • The turn...
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...The Design and Simulation of Controlled Converter Circuit for Smart Phone Battery Charger at Rated 1.5A and 3.8V load Ban Siong Lee1, Kang Yung Yee1, Yoong Xiang Wong1 1 Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, 31750, Perak, Malaysia leebansiong92@gmail.com, ky.christopher@gmail.com, tikuz92@gmail.com Abstract— There have been increasing demand on low power application over the years, particularly in charging devices for device such as smartphones. A buck converter with controlled PWM is proposed in this paper to achieve 1.5A and 3.8V load. This method can ensure that the output current and voltage stay within the satisfactory range. A buck converter with rectified DC voltage of 240V DC as input voltage, and output voltage of 3.8 with 1.5A output current and duty cycle of 0.016 is designed. P pice is used in designing simulation and the results of the circuit have been obtained to verify the operation and performance of the concept. The theoretical calculations are compared with the simulation results. The ripple output voltage and current obtained is relatively low as calculated of around 1%. Losses can be further controlled by adjusting the dead time and duty ratio of the circuit. Keywords— Full Wave Bridge Rectifier; Buck Converter; DCDC Converter; Smartphone Battery Charger I. INTRODUCTION Portable electronic industry has grown over the years, many different demands has increased for instance, small...
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...Reshma S Nair P G Scholar, Department of EEE Ilahia College of Engineering and Technology Muvattupuzha, India reshmasnairch@gmail.com Ansar Jamal Assisstant Professor, Department of EEE Ilahia College of Engineering and Technology Muvattupuzha, India Abstract— DC/DC converters are having important applications in many offline power supplies. They are widely used in different types of electronic devices such as battery charger, electric vehicles, and in portable devices like cellular phones, laptops, computers etc. In battery charging applications of hybrid plug in electric vehicles full bridge dc-dc converters are commonly used. The fundamental problem regarding the conventional full bridge DC/DC converter topology is the voltage spikes across output diodes due to...
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...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Gigantic population and comprehensive electrical energy consumption have made power crisis one of the gravest national problems in the developing countries like Nigeria. Excessive demand of power is always difficult to meet and as a result national economy is being hampered severely due to this deregulation of electricity. Alternative power sources that can deliver output currents in absence of grid supply are now automatic choices in home grid-connected system. In urban areas, IPS (Instant Power Supply) system is being used massively to cope up with load shedding. Increasing interest and investment in renewable energy give rise to rapid development of high penetration solar energy. There are multiple ways to interface PV arrays with the power grid. Solar energy has become a promising alternative source because it has many advantages such as abundance, pollution free and renewability. The solar photovoltaic (PV) power will play an important role in alleviating the energy crisis and reducing the environmental pollution and has a bright prospect of applications. Due to the nonlinear relationship between the current and the voltage of the photovoltaic cell, it can be observed that there is a unique maximum power point (MPP) at a particular environment, and this peak power point keeps changing with solar illumination and ambient temperature. In recent years, a large number of techniques have been proposed for maximum power point tracking...
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...law such that the internal power dissipation in the motor is held constant. VFD control provides efficient speed control the speed is controlled by varying the frequency not the stator voltage. The power factor is improved and the harmonic distortions were less. The simulation of a Modified SEPIC PFC converter fed induction motor drive is done using MATLAB. MATLAB is a high performance language for technical computing. It integrates computation, visualization and programming...
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...Simulation of a Stirling Engine Solar Power Generation System Using Simulink Mehdi Zareian Jahromi∗ , Mohammad Mehdi Hosseini Bioki† , and Roohollah Fadaeinedjad‡ , Member IEEE ∗† Electrical ‡ Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Kerman Graduate University of Technology, Kerman,Iran. and Computer Engineering Department, Kerman Graduate University of Technology, Kerman,Iran. Telephone: +98-3426226517, Fax: +98-3426226618, Email: rfadaein@ieee.org ‡ International Center for Science, High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Kerman, Iran. could be especially useful in developing countries since they will run on any fuel, including biomass; or when incorporated in parabolic dish systems, they can use solar energy. Cogeneration is possible using the cooling water that maintains the cold sink, so heat-and-power systems for homes are provided. With higher efficiencies, their quiet vibration-free operation, very low emissions when burning natural gas, simplicity, and potentially high reliability could make the Stirling engines an attractive alternative in the near future [6]. Simulation and modeling can be used to evaluate the operation of the solar Stirling engine based power generation systems. Considerable research has been performed on the modeling and control of Stirling engine systems. Most of this research, however, has been done using mechanical and thermal models of Stirling engines that neglects the electrical parts of the system [5], [7], [8]. In this research...
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.... FLYBACK POWER CONVERTER Shubham Agarwal(11BEC082) Electronics and Communication Department Institute of Technology Nirma University, Ahmedabad Abstract The flyback converter is used in both AC/DC and DC/DC conversion with galvanic isolation between the input and any outputs. More precisely, the flyback converter is a boost converter with the inductor split to form a transformer, so that the voltage ratios are multiplied with an additional advantage of isolation. When driving for example a plasma lamp or a voltage multiplier the rectifying diode of the boost converter is left out and the device is called a flyback transformer. lesson is limited to the study of fly-back circuit of single switch topology. II. Basic Topology of Fly-Back Converter I. Introduction Fly-back converter is the most commonly used SMPS circuit for low output power applications where the output voltage needs to be isolated from the input main supply. The output power of fly-back type SMPS circuits may vary from few watts to less than 100 watts. The overall circuit topology of this converter is considerably simpler than other SMPS circuits. Input to the circuit is generally unregulated dc voltage obtained by rectifying the utility ac voltage followed by a simple capacitor filter. The circuit can offer single or multiple isolated output voltages and can operate over wide range of input voltage variation. In respect of energy-efficiency, flyback power supplies are inferior to many other...
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...Highly-Efficient Battery Chargers with ParallelLoaded Resonant Converters Ying-Chun Chuang e-mail:chuang@mail.ksu.edu.tw Yu-Lung Ke e-mail:yulungke@ms25.hinet.net Shun-Yi Chang e-mail:nickelayu@hotmail.com Department of Electrical Engineering, Kun Shan University, Tainan Hsien 71003, Taiwan, R.O.C. Abstract—The well established advantages of resonant converters for battery chargers, including fast response, low switching losses, easy of the control scheme, simplicity of circuit configuration, and low electromagnetic interference (EMI), among others, have led to their increasing attraction. This work develops a highly efficient battery charger with a parallel-loaded resonant converter for battery charging applications to improve the performance of traditional switching-mode charger circuits. The charging voltage can be regulated by varying the switching frequency. The switching frequency of the parallel-loaded resonant battery charger was set at continuous conduction mode (CCM). Circuit operation modes are determined from the conduction profiles. Operating equations and operating theory are also developed. This study utilizes the fundamental wave approximation with a battery equivalent circuit to simplify the charger circuit analyses and presents an efficient, small-sized, and cost-effective switched-mode converter for battery chargers. A prototype charger with parallel-loaded resonant converter designed for a 12V-48Ah battery is built and tested to verify the analytical...
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...CHAPTER-3 Static Shunt compensator (STATCOM) 3.1 About STATCOM : The first SVC with Voltage Source Converter called STATCOM (static compensator) was introduced in 1999. The STATCOM characteristics are nearly similar to the synchronous condenser, but being an electronic device it doesn’t have inertia and it is comparatively better to the synchronous condenser, such as better dynamics, a less installation cost and lower operating and maintenance costs. A STATCOM is build with switching devices with turn-off capability like IGBTs or MOSFET’s. The benefit of a STATCOM is that the reactive power provision is self-regulating from the actual voltage on the connection point. This can be seen in the diagram for the maximum currents...
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...Chapter 01 1.1 Introduction: A storage device may be used to store energy from renewable energy source in DC form which can be converted to AC power by using power inverter. Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) technique may be used to control output rms voltage of the inverter. As the load is variable, the power consumed by the load (PL) may be smaller than the power generated from the renewable energy source (PR). Therefore a Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) Controller may be used to supply the additional power (PR – PL) from the renewable energy source to the grid. On the other hand if the power consumed by the load (PL) is greater than the power generated from the renewable energy source (PR) therefore the same FACTS controller may be used to absorb the additional power (PR – PL) from the grid to the load. In this case the FACTS controller must allow bi-directional power flow. If all the active houses are connected to the grid in the same way (proposed way), the active houses that generate more power than the load can be supplied to the active houses that generate less power than the load. Therefore a suitable FACTS controller should be designed in such a way that it can control the power flow in both directions. The idea is illustrated in the following figure. 1.2 Objectives: • Study on different FACTS controllers • Study on different renewable energy sources • Study on different...
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...Asymmetrical Half Bridge Double Input DC/DC Converter Adopting More Than One Renewable Energy Sources Nishi N S P G student, Dept. of Electrical and electronics Engineering Vidya Academy of Science and Technology Thalakkottukara, Thrissur, Kerala, India nishi.ns@gmail.com Jasna S B Associate Professor, Dept. of Electrical and electronics Engineering Vidya Academy of Science and Technology Thalakkottukara, Thrissur, Kerala, India jasna.s.b@vidyaacademy.ac.in Abstract— This paper proposes an asymmetrical double input converter for low power applications. Double Input Converters (DICs) are special case of Multiple Input Converters where available MICs usually have complex configuration and numerous transformer windings. The proposed converters have advantages of simple architecture, soft-switching realization, and high conversion efficiency compared with available MICs. In this paper, the operating principle of DIC composed of two buck PVSC is analyzed. The open loop and closed loop simulation of the proposed converter is carried out and verified. Multi input converters play a key role in such hybridized systems, where it is required to have more than one power source. A multiple input converter is a circuit that accommodates input of more than one energy sources which are of the pulsating voltage source cells (PVSC),and provides at least one output. Such technologies can find application in residential, aerospace, automotive, portable electronics and any other application where...
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...The France-Spain HVDC link Overview of the project Sébastien Dennetière (RTE) KTH Royal Institute of Technology Sept 20, 2012 Project Presentation A 2000 MW - 65 km underground cable – DC link connecting Baixas (near Perpignan, France) and Santa Llogaia (near Figueras, Spain) Baixas Santa Llogaia Scope of the project Rated power: 2*1000 MW Baixas DC voltage: ±320 kV for each 1000MW link Reactive Power Control: +/- 300 MVAR for each 1000MW Converter Stations Converter Contractor : Siemens Connected in a meshed AC network Tunnel DC cable length: 64 km Cable Contractor: Prysmian 8 km dedicated Tunnel Commisioning date: 2014 Cost of the Project : 700M€ with 225M€ financing from EU Santa Llogaia Project update Converter Station Baixas/Santa Llogaia Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) has become a highly attractive topology for medium and high voltage applications. It is a new type of multilevel voltage source converter (VSC). Advantages of the MMC over the classical VSC types : NPC, multilevel FC etc. - Low frequency modulation - Lower transient peak voltages on IGBT -> Less losses - Very low THD -> no need for High-pass Filters Overview of the HVDC VSC-MMC system 400/320 kV 1,000MVA Z=10% MMC-1 Rectifier 401 Levels 50mH LR 50mH LR 64 km DC Cable Wideband Model 50mH LR MMC-2 Inverter 401 Levels 320/400 kV 1,000MVA Z=10% S 400kV 50Hz Yg/∆ 1,000 MW ±320 kV S 50mH LR ∆/Yg 400kV 50Hz Control system: - PLL...
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...PROJECT College of Engineering: University Of PetroleumQ and Energy Studies Branch: B.Tech (Electronics) Sementer: 5th TOPIC OF THE PROJECT: Wireless energy transfer OBJECTIVE : The main objective of our project is to transfer energy using Electrodynamics induction OR Resonant inductive coupling. Measure output current and voltage across L2 COIL. Working of wireless led lamp on electrodynamics induction. Mobile charger on the principle of electrodynamics induction. METHODOLOGY TO BE USED: Power source transmitting coil receiving coil Ac to Dc converter output Following are the ways which help in incorporating of project: The design of the project is to take energy from the power source and transfer it wirelessly to receiving coil. Hence ac power source resonant inductive is IN PROCES. Induction coil or magnetic coil or tesla coil ARRANGED of proper thickness and amount. Output Ac to Dc converter circuit studied IS COMPLETED. Circuit component with data sheet IS PURCHASED. Coil L1 transmitting coil and coil L2 receiving coil no. of turn study IN PROCESS Input frequency, output exact current and voltage value study The frequencies can be matches by both the transmitting and receiving coils, allowing them to communicate together much more efficiently IN PROCESS. The device operated on output value of coil L2 STUDY IS IN PROCESS. Following component needed:- 1. Induction coil or magnetic coil 2. Capacitor (various value ceramic)...
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