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|REVOLUTIONER 1750-1850 |

Den amerikanske revolution

Materiale: Frederiksen 15-19

1. England havde store kolonibesiddelser i Amerika, hvordan var disse kolonier opbygget, herunder administration, økonomi og handel? - England havde 13 kolonier, som hver havde en repræsentativ forsamling, som sørgede for love for den enkelte koloni. Den udøvende magt lå hos en guvernør som var blevet udnævnt af den engelske konge. - Økonomisk set skulle al handel gå gennem moderlandet (England), det vil sige at handel mellem kolonier i Amerika var forbudt medmindre at vare kom til England hvorefter de kunne sælges videre. Kolonierne skulle også være råstofleverandør til moderlandet. Et merkantilistiske samfund. 2. Redegør for grundlæggende og udløsende faktorer for uafhængighedskrigen mellem England og kolonierne i Amerika - I april 1775 skulle en engelsk styrke konfiskere et våbenlager i Boston. De blev mødt af en flok bevæbnede kolonister. Dette endte i en kamp hvor mange englændere blev slået ihjel. - Kolonisterne havde forklædt sig som indianer, og var gået om bord på et engelsk skib, og kastet the’en overbord. - En engelsk soldat havde følt sig provokeret, og havde dræbt tre borger - Stor told. Et borgerskab som havde var blevet rige på at handle med hinanden De begynder at stille krav om politisk magt(the,landområder osv) 3. Hvorfor tøvede repræsentanterne for kolonierne med at erklære sig uafhængige af England? - mange forskellige holdninger omkring adsplittelsen 4. Uafhængighedserklæringen (1776) byggede på tanken om almengyldige menneskerettigheder og skulle retfærdiggøre folkets ret til at gøre oprør mod en tyran. Erklæringen betød krig mellem de to parter – hvordan forløb krigen? - Englænderne var stærke når det gjaldt traditionel krigsførelse, de fastholdte derfor deres herredømme i kystbyerne. På den anden side havde amerikanerne svært ved at få samlet en hær da kolonisterne ikke ville forlade deres hjemstater, men de var gode med våben og derfor kunne englænderne ikke overtage baglandet. Krigen blev først afgjort da franskmændene kom amerikanerne til undsætning. 5. Hvorfor hjælper Frankrig egentlig kolonierne i deres selvstændighedskamp? - England var en fælles fjende for amerika og frankrig - England havde været en stormagt i lang tid, og dette kunne være Frankrigs snit til at gøre det. - Optakt til den franske revolution ( pengene bliver brugt et forkert sted, på krigsmarken i stedet for i selve landet) 6. Hvordan ender det nu selvstændige Amerika med at indrette sig? - Grundet uenighed mellem staterne besluttede man at følge Montesquieus’ tankegang som bestod i den lovgivende, udøvende og dømmende magt - Lovgivende magt lå hos en kongres i parlamentet som var Folke valgt. - Den udøvende magt, lå hos præsidenten, ligesom i dag Folke valgt - Den dømmende, lå hos en uafhængig højesteret - Sammenslutning af stater: fælles grundlov, men dog stadig nogle afvigelser (fødteretstat)

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